jzs-10673

Effect of Stocking Density and Marketing Age on Broiler Performance

Ahmed Ismael Mohammed1, Saman Abdulmajid Rashid2 ,  Shahla Muhammad  Saeed Kirkuki2

1 Department of Animal Production, , College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2 Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Original: 28/11/2017, Revised: 07/01/2018, Accepted: 06/02/2018, Published online:

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10673

Abstract

This study was conducted at the poultry farm of faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, in Bakrajo from 5/ 12/ 2015 to 16/ 1/ 2016. The aim of this study was to determine stocking densities and marketing age on production performance, meat quantity and quality of Ross-308 broilers. Three levels of stocking density (SD) (9, 13 and17 birds/ m2) and three marketing age (28, 35 and 42 days) were used with four replication. The nine combinations were treatments as following: t1: stocking density (9 birds/ m2) + marketing age (28 days), t2: stocking density (13 birds/ m2) + marketing age (28 days), t3: stocking density (17 birds/ m2) + marketing age (28 days), t4: stocking density (9 birds/ m2) + marketing age (35 days), t5: stocking density (13 birds/ m2) + marketing age (35 days), t6: stocking density (17 birds/ m2) + marketing age (35 days), t7: stocking density (9 birds/ m2) + marketing age (42 days), t8: stocking density (13 birds/ m2) + marketing age (42 days) and t9: stocking density (17 birds/ m2) + marketing age (42 days). Stocking density and marketing age level (P≤0.05) affected on the feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain significantly at periods 28, 35 and 42 days. Effect of stocking density and marketing age on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were significant through all reared periods. Live body weight was significantly (P≤0.05) effected by stocking density, marketing age, sex and their interaction. 

  Key Words: Broiler, stocking density, marketing age, performance. 

References:

[1] Škrbić, Z.; Pavlovski, Z.; Lukić, M.; Perić,  L. and Milošević, N."The effect of stocking density on certain broiler welfare parameters", Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, Vol.(25), No.1-2, pp.11-21. (2009).

[2] Mtileni, B. J.; Nephawe, K. A.; Nesamvuni, A. E. and Benyi, K. "The influence of stocking density on body weight, egg weight, and feed intake of adult broiler breeder hens",  Poultry science, Vol.(86), No.8, pp.1615-1619. (2007).

[3] Abdel-Azeem, F. "The influence of different stocking density and sex on productive performance and some physiological traits of Japanese quail", Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, Vol.(30), No.1, pp.203-227. (2010).

[4] Hall, A. L. "The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially", Animal Welfare, Vol.(10). No.1, pp.23-40. (2001).

[5] Dawkins, M. S.; Donnelly, C. A. and Jones, T. A. "Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density", Nature, Vol.(427), No.6972, pp.342-344. (2004).

[6] Dozier, W. A.; Thaxton, J. P.; Purswell Olanrewaju, J. L.; Branton, S. L. and Roush, W. B. "Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight", Poultry Science, Vol.(85), No.2, pp.344-351. (2006).

[7] Puron, D.; Santamaria, R.;  Segura, J. C. and Alamilla, J. L. "Broiler performance at different stocking densities", The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, Vol.(4), No.1, pp.55-60. (1995).

[8] Beg, M. A. H.; Baqui, M. A.; Sarker, N. R. and Hossain, M. M. "Effect of stocking density and feeding regime on performance of broiler chicken in summer season", International Journal of Poultry Science, Vol.(10), No.5, pp.365-375. (2011).

[9] Kuenzel, W. J. and Kuenzel, N. T. "Basal metabolic rate of growing chicks Gallus domesticus", Poult. Sci., Vol.(86), pp.619–627. (2007).

[10] Whittow, G. C. “Regulation of body temperature”, Pages 221–252 in Avian Physiology. 6th ed. E. D. Sturkie, ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. (2006).

[11] Thomas, D. G.; Ravindran, V.; Thomas, D. V.; Camden, B. J.; Cottam, Y. H.; Morel,  P. C. H. and others. "Influence of Stocking Density on the Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Selected Welfare Indicators of Broiler Chickens", New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Vol.(52), pp.76–81. (2004).  

[12] Sørensen, P.; Su, G. and Kestin, S. C. "Effects of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens", Poultry Science, Vol.(79), No.6, pp. 864-870. (2000).

[13] Abdullah, A. Y. and Matarneh, S. K. "Broiler performance and the effects of carcass weight, broiler sex, and postchill carcass aging duration on breast fillet quality", Journal of applied poultry research, Vol.(19), No.1, pp.46-58. (2010).

[14] Goliomytis, M.; Panopoulou, E.; and Rogdakis, E. "Growth curves for body weight and major component parts, feed consumption, and mortality of male broiler chickens raised to maturity", Poultry Science, Vol.(82), No.7, pp.1061-1068. (2003).

[15] Scheuermann, G. N.; Bilgili, S. F.; Hess, J. B. and Mulvaney, D. R. "Breast muscle development in commercial broiler chickens", Poultry Science, Vol.(82), No.10, pp.1648-1658. (2003).

[16] Turkyilmaz, M.K. "The effect of stocking density on stress reaction in broiler chickens during summer", Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol.(32), No.1. pp. 31-36. (2008).

[17]Buijs, S.; Keeling, L.; Rettenbacher, S.; Van Poucke,  E. and Tuyttens, F. A. M. "Stocking density effects on broiler welfare:Identifying sensitive ranges for different indicators", Poult. Sci., Vol.(88), pp.1536-1543. (2009).

[18] Dozier, W. A.;  Lott, B. D. and Branton, S. L. "Live performance of male broilers subjected to constant or increasing air velocities at moderate temperatures with a high dew point",  Poultry science, Vol.(84), No.8, pp.1328-1331. (2005).

[19] Duncan, D. B. "Multiple range test", Biometrics, Vol.(11): pp.1-42. (1955).

[20] Onbaşılar, E. E.; Poyraz,  Ö. and Cetin, S. "Effects of breeder age and stocking density on performance, carcass characteristics and some stress parameters of broilers",  Asian-Aust. J. of Anim. Sci., Vol.(21), pp. 262-269. (2008).

[21] Asaniyan, E. K. "Growth performance, feed intake and slaughter characteristics of broiler chicken under three different stocking densities", Journal Animal Production Advance, Vol.(4), No.2, pp.348, 354. (2014).

[22] Ratsaka, M.; Ngambi, J. W. and Ndlovu, L. R. "Effect of potable cage rearing system and stocking density on growth, feed intake and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens", Journal of Animal Science Advances, Vol.(2), No.3, pp.312-320. (2012).

[23] Ravindran, V.; Thomas, D. V.; Thomas, D. G. and Morel, P. C. "Performance and welfare of broilers as affected by stocking density and zinc bacitracin supplementation", Animal Science Journal, Vol.(77), No.1, pp. 110-116. (2006).

[24] Zuowei, S.; Yan, L.; Yuan, L.; Jiao, H.; Song, Z.; Guo,  Y. and Lin, H. "Stocking density affects the growth performance of broilers in a sex-dependent fashion", Poultry science, Vol.(90), No.7, pp.1406-1415. (2011).

[25] Abudabos, A. M.; Samara,  E. M.; Hussein, E. O.; Al-Ghadi,  M. A. Q .and Al-Atiyat, R. M.  "Impacts of stocking density on the performance and welfare of broiler chickens", Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol.(12), No.1, p.11. (2013).

[26] Feddes, J. J. E; mmanuel, E. J. and Zuidhoft, M. J. "Broiler performance, body eight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities", Poultry Science, Vol.(81), No.6, pp.774-779. (2002).

[27] Son, J. H. "The effect of stocking density on the behaviour and welfare indexes of broiler chickens", Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.(A, 3), No.(4A), p.307. (2013).

[28] Guardia , S. ; Konsak,  B.; Combes,  S.; Levenez, F.; Cauquilm,  L.J.;  Guillot,  F.;  Moreau-Vauzelle, C.; Lessire Juin,  M. H. and Gabriel, I. "Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens", Poultry Science, Vol.(90), pp.1878–1889. (2011).

[29] Ali, M. I.; S. A. Azmal; A. Ali and M. O. Faruque . Effect of density and flock size on growth performance of native chicken. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 10(1), 55-59. (2012).

[30] Szőllősi, L.; Szűcs, I. and Nábrádi, A. "Economic issues of broiler production length", Ekonomikapoljoprivrede, Vol.(61), No.3, pp.633-646. (2014).

[31] Imaeda, N. "Influence of stocking density and rearing season on incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens", Poultry Science, Vol.(79), pp.201-204. (2000).

[32] Škrbić, Z., Pavlovski,  Z. and Lukić,  M. "Body mass and dynamics of growth of broiler chickens of different genotype in improved rearing conditions", Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, Vol.(23), No.5-6-2, pp.347-356. (2007) .

[33] Beloor, J.; Kang, H. K.; Kim Subramani, Y. J.; Jang, V. K.; Sohn,  I. S. and others. "The effect of stocking density on stress related genes and telomeric length in broiler chickens", Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Vol.(23), pp.437–43. (2010).

[34] Adebiy, O. A; Adu, O. A. and Olumide,  M. D. "Performance characteristics and carcass quality of broiler chicks under high stocking density fed Vitamin E supplemented diet", Agricultural Journal, Vol.(6), No.5, pp.264-268. (2011).

[35] Tayeb, I. T.; Hassan, S. N.; Mustafa, M. M.; Sadeq, S. A. M.; Ameen,  G. I. and Hassan, A. M. "Effects of various stocking density on productive performance and some physiological traits of broiler chicks", Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. (2011).

[36] Al-Homidan, A. and Robertson J. F. "The effect of stocking density and litter type on ammonia, dust, carbon dioxide concentration on broiler performance", Egypt Poultry Science, Vol.(24), pp.37-51. (2007).

[37] Tinoco, I. F. F.; Fonseca, J. M.; AlvarengaeMelo, R. C.; Tinôco; A. L. A.; Moraes. S. R. P. and Yanagi, J. T. "Effects of stocking density on the performance of broiler chickens grown under water fogging and ventilation systems", American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Pp: 256-26. (2007).

 [38] Uzum, M. H., and  Oral Toplu, H. D. "Effects of stocking density and feed restriction on performance, carcass, meat quality characteristics and some stress parameters in broilers under heat stress", Revue de Médecine. Vétérinaire, Vol.(164), No.12, pp.546-554. (2013).

Full Text