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Kasim Fawzy Ahmed1,2, Saeed Omer Ibrahim1, Md.Rahim Sahar2 , Saman Qadir Mawlud1,2
1 Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
2 Department of Physics, , Faculty of Science, Advanced Optical Material Research Group,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Original: 5 June 2016, Revised: 28 August 2016, Accepted: 16 October 2016, Published online: 20 March 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10592
Abstract
A series of Silver Nanoparticles embedded in the system of zinc-tellurite glass co-doped Neodymium/Erbium ions with the composition of (69.5-2.5x)TeO2–30ZnCl2–xNd2O3–xEr2O3–(0.5+0.5x)AgCl concentration from 0.0 to 3.0 mol% (x=0, 1, 2 and 3) have successfully been synthesized by melt-quenching techniques. The amorphous nature of the glass was confirmed from x-ray diffraction technique. The decrease of refractive index from 2.446 to 2.429 is attributed to the generation of bridging oxygen atoms via the conversion of TeO3 into TeO4 units. Conversely the increase in refractive index to 2.436 is attributed to the generation of non-bridging oxygen atoms via the conversion of TeO4 into TeO3 units. From the absorption edge studies, the value of the optical band gap EIopt.. and Urbach energy (DE) have been evaluated. The value of EIopt. lies between 2.34 and 2.83eV for the indirect transition while the Urbach energy values lies between 0.005 to 1.33eV. The experimental results indicate that Nd3+/Er3+ rare earth ions co-doped in the system of zinc-tellurite glasses embaded silver nanoparticles are a good candidates for solid state laser as active medium.
Key Words:
Tellurite glass
Neodymium and Erbium ions
Co-doping
Optical properties
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