jzs-10758

Phyllochron and Leaf area ratio of maize influenced by different nitrogen levels and Growing Degree Days in two different climatic conditions 

Aram Abbas Mohammed1

 1 Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Original: 15 July 2018, Revised: 6 September 2019 , Accepted: 11 September 2019, Published online: 20 December 2019

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10758

Abstract

The present study shows the response of maize hybrids to different thermal time conditions with different nitrogen levels, the investigation comprises two different field experiments were conducted in the Qlyasan Research Center\ University of Sulaimani  during the spring and autumn seasons in 2017.  The experiments were arranged as a split-plot design with three replications. Three different  nitrogen levels  involved in the main plots and four maize hybrids were cultivated in the sub-plots. In addition to the Phyllochron, the  Plant leaf area,  and  accumulated dry matter were studied in different growth stages for estimating the leaf area ratio of the four maize hybrids. The results manifested efficient impact  of thermal time on the studied traits in comparing to nitrogen fertilization, there was a fundamental effect of  thermal time expressed as accumulated growing degree days (GDD) on the physiological and biochemical processes of  growth and development of maize hybrids. The accumulated GDD from seeding to 50% tasseling  was 1050.9 calculated in 58.5 DAS in autumn, whereas  in spring season the accumulated GDDs was 1367.6 estimated in 66.25 DAS.  Whilst, the linear increases in the leaf appearance  and  shorter phyllochron manifested  in the autumn season, the  maximum value of study criteria was not obtained with maximum nitrogen application in all cases. There was a linear decline of the value of  LAR across the growth stages from V4-V5 to R3 which was underlined with regression value of r2 of  0.99 , 0.98, and 0.92 for nitrogen levels (N1,N2, and N3) respectively. The rate of LAR in autumn season was not similar to the previous season, the maximum value of LAR was shown with the effect of second level N2 in vegetative growth V8-V10 and reproductive growth stage R3 with first level N1 revealing curvilinear regression.

Key Words: Leaf appearance, Crop heat Unit, Corn, leaf longevity

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