Translation

A translation in math moves a shape left or right and/or up or down. The translated shapes look exactly the same size as the original shape, and hence the shapes are congruent to each other.  

Reflection

In Geometry, a reflection is known as a flip. A reflection is a mirror image of the shape. An image will reflect through a line, known as the line of reflection. 

Rotation

Rotation math definition is when an object is turned clockwise or counterclockwise around a given point. Rotations can be represented on a graph or by simply using a pair of coordinate points. 

Dilation

A dilation is a transformation that changes the size of a geometric figure but does not change its shape. The dilation math definition indicates that the shape of the figure will not be changed.