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OBTAINING AND REMOVING MATERIALS
Moving materials into and out of cells
Moving materials into and out of cells
Cells rely on the movement of surrounding gases, liquids, and particles to supply them with nutrients and materials. In order to live and function, cells must let certain materials enter and leave. Oxygen, water, and food particles must be able to move into and out of the cell.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer . The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Passive Transport
Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics.
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction of their concentration gradient, going from a low concentration to a high concentration.
Large Particles
There are three major classes of membrane lipid molecules—phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. The lipid compositions of the inner and outer monolayers are different, reflecting the different functions of the two faces of a cell membrane.
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