Onoe Shôroku II as Danshichi Kurobei in "Natsu Matsuri Naniwa Kagami" (夏祭浪花鑑) (Summer festival, mirror of Osaka) - Series Figures of the Modern Stage #12
現代舞台藝蕐(12) 團七 二代目尾上松緑
The print
Artist: Ôta Masamitsu
Publisher: Miyake Koshodo (Banchoro)
Carver: Ito Susumu (1916-1998)
Printer:
Date: 1955
Format: Oban-tate
Catalogue: S-584
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The play "Summer festival, Mirror of Osaka" is based on a real event that took place in 1685 when, in the middle of winter, a murder was committed and the corpse, hidden under the snow was not discovered until the spring. The play was originally written for the Bunraku Puppet theater in 1745, but was so successful that it was immediately transcribed for the Kabuki theater. It was first performed in Kyoto, then a few months later in Osaka in three different theaters which competed fiercely, advertising their cast and their production. The play was then performed in Edo (Tokyo) in 1747 and is still very popular today.
The play had nine acts, but today only act III (In front of the Sumiyoshi shrine gate), act IV (The curio shop at Uchihonmachi), act VI (In Tsuribune Sabu’s home), act VII (The back alley in Nagamichi) and more rarely act VIII (At Danshichi’s house in Tajima-chô) are played.
Danshichi Kurobei: A fishmonger sent to prison as he injured a henchman of samouraï Otoemon in a brawl.
Okaji: Danshichi Kurobei's wife
Tsuribune Sabu: Fisherman, Danshichi's friend
Otsugi: Sabu's wife
Tamashima Isonojô: Dissolute son of samouraï, disowned by his father. In love with courtesan Kotoura
Tamashima Hyôdayû: Samouraï, Isonojô's father. Former master of Okaji, will assist with Danshichi's release
Kotoura: Courtesan. In love with Isonojô, but pursued by Ôtori Sagaemon
Ôtori Sagaemon: Samouraï, rival of Isônojô, wants Kotoura for himself
Issûn Tokubei: Sagaemon's henchman who realses his mistake and becomes friend with Danshichi Kurobei
Otatsu: Tokubei's wife
Magoemon: Owner of a curio shop in Osaka
Onaka: Magoemon's daughter. In love with Isônojô
Denpachi: Clerk in Magoemon's shop. Wants to marry Onaka
Mikawaya Giheiji: Danshichi's father-in-law, a swindler
Yaichi: Accomplice of Giheiji
Two palanquin-bearers, paid by Ôtori Sagaemon
Short summary of act I (not played)
Tamashima Isonojô fell in love with the courtesan Kotoura and spends his days in the tea house where she works. Okaji is sent by Isonojo's parents to ask him to come home, but he refuses for fear that his rival Otori Sagaemon will take Kotoura away. Okaji insists because her husband Danshichi is in prison after injuring one of Sagaemon's men in a fight. Tamashima Hyôdayû, Isonojô's father has promised her that he will be freed if his son returns. Thanks to a stratagem, she manages to convince him, but on the way home, he meets Sagaemon who tells him with a wicked smile that he has been disowned because of his life of debauchery.
Acte III Sumiyoshi torii mae (In front of the Sumiyoshi shrine gate)
Danshichi Kurobei's wife Okaji, their son and their friend Tsuribune Sabu await the release of Danshichi in front of the main gate of the Smiyoshi shrine in Osaka. A palanquin arrives with a peniless young samurai on board. The palanquin-bearers try to extort an exorbitant price for the ride, but Sabu who knows the rates intervenes, pays the carriers the fair price and tells them to leave. The young samurai thanks him and tells him that he is going to Mikawaya Giheiji, Okaji's father, and Sabu understands immediately that he is dealing with Isonojo whose father has managed to free Danshichi. Sabu tells Isonojo to go to the Kobuya restaurant where everyone will meet to celebrate Danshichi's release, and they part ways.
Danshichi, dirty, unshaven and dressed in his prison clothes, arrives surrounded by two policemen who release him mentioning Tamashima's intervention. Danshichi declares that he will do anything to protect his son Isonojô. Sabu comes in with clean clothes, takes Danshichi to the barbershop and goes to the Kobuya restaurant. A young woman comes running on the scene. It is the courtesan Kotoura, pursued by Ôtori Sagaemon who tells her that her lover Isonojô has been disinherited by his father and that he will no longer be able to provide for her. Kotoura tries to escape, but Sagaemon blocks her. Suddenly a powerful hand seizes him. It is Danshichi who takes pleasure in shaking him while showing Kotoura the direction of the restaurant. She leaves immediatly as Sagaemon flies away.
The two palanquin-bearers are back with a new client. They are all paid by Sagaemon to take revenge on Danshichi and retrieve Kotoura. Danshichi quickly gets rid of the two bearers, but the third man is a different kettle of fish. They start fighting with wooden signs when Okaji arrives and pulls them apart. She is angry with her husband who only thinks of fighting. She recognizes the other man, a man named Issun Tokubei from her village. He too owes a debt to Tadashima and realizes that he cannot work for Sagaemon. He immediately changes sides and swears to protect Isonojô and Kotoura. Danshichi and Tokubei become brothers in arms and rip a sleeve of their kimono and exchange.
Ueno Tadamasa - June in Calendrar of kabuki actors - Danshichi Kurobei (ca. 1950)
Acte IV Uchihonmachi Dogûya (The curio shop at Uchihonmachi)
Thanks to Danshichi, Isonojô found a job as an employee in a curio shop in the Uchihonmachi district. Onaka, the daughter of owner Magoemon has fallen in love with the young man, much to the dismay of Denpachi, the other employee who was hoping to marry her. Giheiji, Danshichi's father-in-law, has conspired with Denpachi and another thief Yaichi to swindle Isonojô. Yaichi arrives to consign an old incense burner for 50 gold coins. Giheiji disguised as a samurai walks into the shop and says he's ready to buy it for 55 coins. Isonojô sniffs out a good deal, borrows 50 gold from Denpachi, and pays Yaichi who leaves. Giheiji returns and denies having agreed to this purchase. Denpachi then insists on the repayment of the loan. Isonojo finds himself trapped and is attacked by the two men.
Danshichi enters the shop and recognizes his stepfather the crook. The shop owner returns and sees that the incense burner has no value. Giheiji leaves and Danshichi promises to repay Denpachi. The following night, Isonojô returns with the intent to kill Denpachi in revenge. He meets Onaka who tells him that his father is ready to repay his loan. Denpachi approaches and Isonojo hides in a wooden hut. Denpachi asks Onaka to run away with him, pushes her into the hut and asks Yaichi to watch her while he tries to steal her father's money. Yaichi enters the hut and Isonojo kills him with his sword. Denpachi returns with the money and in the dark, does not see who is in the hut and gives the money to Isonojô. Isonojô takes the money and runs away with Onaka.
Act IV Kunisada Bando Hikosaburo V as Issun Tokubei, Kawarazaki Gonjuro I as Danshichi and Sawamura Tanosuke III as Okaji (1863)
Acte VI Tsuribune Sabu uchi (In Tsuribune Sabu’s home)
It's the eve of the summer festival. Isonojô and Kotoura live quietly in Sabu’s home. They don't stop quarreling because Kotoura blames him for his affair with Onaka. Sabu and his wife Otsugi are afraid that Isonojô will be discovered. Otatsu, Tokubei's wife visits them and announces that she is going to return to her village of Tamashima. Otsugi asks her if she would agree to take Isonojô as a traveling companion. Otatsu agrees, but Sabu refuses. He thinks that if these two young people travel together, they are going to have an affair. Otatsu says she is loyal to her husband and to prove it, takes a red-hot poker and presses it to her face. She is disfigured and will no longer be able to seduce. Impressed by her noble spirit, Sabu agrees to let them go together.
The two palanquin-bearers arrive at Sabu's. Sagaemon has given them a simple mission: to abduct Kotoura. Sabu unmasks them, loses his temper, gives them a beating, then goes to Sagaemon to do the same with him. Giheiji arrives at Sabu's house and tells Otsugi that Danshichi has asked him to take Kotoura away. Otsugi trusts him and Kotoura leaves with Giheiji. Tokubei and Danshichi come in with Sabu whom they have managed to calm down. Otsugi tells them that Giheiji has left with Kotoura and Danshichi understands that his stepfather has deceived them and rushes after him.
Act VII Utagawa Kuniyoshi Nakamura Utaemon IV as Danshichi Kurobei and Onoe Tamizô II as Giheiji (1850)
Acte VII Nagamachi ura (The back alley in Nagamachi)
It is the day of the summer festival parade. Danshichi finds Giheiji in a muddy alley and persuades him to release Kotoura in exchange for a large sum of money. Danshichi gives him a bag that contains pebbles and when Giheiji discovers the deception, he begins to insult Danshichi. The tone rises and Danshichi draws his sword. Killing his father or stepfather is punishable by death and Giheiji provokes him until the sword nicks him. He screams that Danshichi is a murderer and Danshichi realizes he has to shut him up.
This is the highlight of the play. Giheiji has fallen into a puddle of mud, grapples with Danshichi who uncover his shoulders and bares his tattoos. Mud splashes over the actors, and Danshichi kills Giheiji with slow-motion gestures. He pushes the body into the mud, then washes himself and leaves the stage to join the crowd watching the parade.
Acte VIII Tajima-chô Danshichi uchi (At Danshichi's house in Tajima-chô) (seldom played)
Danshichi returned home to Tajima-cho. Tokubei brings him his sandal lost in the alley and offers to denounce himself in his stead. Danshichi refuses. Tokubei then makes advances to Okaji, giving her the opportunity to divorce and thereby exonerating Danshichi from the crime of parricide. The police arrives and Tokubei shouts that he caught a flea, giving Danshichi the opportunity to hide on the roof. Tokubei joins him there afterwards, gives him some money, allowing Danshichi to escape.
Onoe Shôroku II (1913-1989) was one of the great actors of male roles (tachiyaku) in the 20th century, specialized in the roles of heroes in the aragoto style (style where the actor plays in an exaggerated way by his gestures, his words or its appearance).
Natori Shunsen - Jitsukawa Enjaku II as Danshichi (1926) (Image Artelino)
Yamamoto Hisashi - Onoe tatsunosuke as Danshichi (1983)
Kataoka Nizaemon XV as Issun Tokubei and Nakamura Kichiemon II as Danshichi Kurobei - Act III Danshichi and Tokubei exchange a sleeve of their kimono.
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