Bartonella In Ticks
Part 1
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018 Nov 27. pii: S1877-959X(18)30294-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.015. [Epub ahead of print]
Regional prevalences of Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia bissettiae, and Bartonellahenselae in Ixodes affinis, Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis in the USA.
Maggi RG1, Toliver M2, Richardson T3, Mather T4, Breitschwerdt EB5.
The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of Borrelia and Bartonella species in Ixodes spp. ticks collected from 16 USA states. Genus PCR amplification and sequence analysis of Bartonella and Borrelia 16SsRNA-23SsRNA intergenic regions were performed on DNA extracted from 929 questing adult ticks (671 Ixodes scapularis, 155 Ixodes affinis, and 103 Ixodes pacificus).
Overall, 129/929 (13.9%) Ixodes ticks were PCR positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, 48/929 for B. bissettiae whereas 23/929 (2.5%) were PCR positive for a Bartonella henselae.
Borrelia bissettiae or B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. henselae co-infections were found in I. affinis from North Carolina at a rate of 4.5%; in a single I. scapularis from Minnesota, but not in I. pacificus.
For both bacterial genera, PCR positive rates were highly variable depending on geographic location and tick species, with Ixodes affinis (n = 155) collected from North Carolina, being the tick species with the highest prevalence's for both Borrelia spp. (63.2%) and B. henselae (10.3%).
Based on the results of this and other published studies, improved understanding of the enzootic cycle, transmission dynamics, and vector competence of Ixodes species (especially I. affinis) for transmission of Borrelia spp. and B. henselae should be a public health research priority.
SOURCE- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30503356
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PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Nov 16;11(11):e0006064. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006064. eCollection 2017 Nov.
Detection of relapsing fever Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp. and Anaplasmataceae bacteria in argasid ticks in Algeria.
Lafri I1,2, El Hamzaoui B1, Bitam I1,3,4, Leulmi H1,5, Lalout R6, Mediannikov O1, Chergui M6, Karakellah M6, Raoult D1, Parola P1.
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Parasit Vectors. 2017 Mar 13;10(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2042-7.
Molecular detection of Bartonella henselae in 11 Ixodes ricinus ticks extracted from a single cat.
Regier Y1, Ballhorn W1, Kempf VA2.
Bartonella henselae is a highly prevalent, vector-borne pathogen. Transmission to humans and animals by ticks is discussed controversially. Here, we present a case report, where eleven Ixodes ricinus ticks all harbouring B. henselae DNA were removed from one single cat.
RESULTS:
The first feeding tick was tested positive for B. henselae DNA. The cat was also found to be seropositive for anti-B. henselae IgG antibodies (titer 1:640). Bartonella henselae was not cultivatable from cat blood. Ten more feeding ticks removed 7 months later contained also B. henselae DNA. Sequence analysis of the 16SrDNA and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed 100% sequence homology between all ticks. Bartonella adhesin A (badA) and VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system (virB) DNA were also detected in all ticks.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that cats may serve as a reservoir for adult ticks to acquire B. henselae. Whether this observation implies an increased threat for human and animal health needs to be resolved.
Link to full article here
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5346845/
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Vet Dermatol. 2017 Feb;28(1):96-e21. doi: 10.1111/vde.12413.
Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small.
Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp.
OBJECTIVES:
This review serves as an update on comparative medical aspects of this disease, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and challenges.
RESULTS:
Of comparative medical importance, Bartonella spp. are transmitted by several arthropod vectors, including fleas, keds, lice, sand flies, ticks and, potentially, mites and spiders. Prior to 1990, there was only one named Bartonella species (B. bacilliformis), whereas there are now over 36, of which 17 have been associated with an expanding spectrum of animal and human diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated documentation of chronic bloodstream and dermatological infections with Bartonella spp. in healthy and sick animals, in human blood donors, and in immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients. The field of Bartonella research remains in its infancy and is rich in questions, for which patient relevant answers are badly needed. Directed Bartonella research could substantially reduce a spectrum of chronic and debilitating animal and human diseases, and thereby reduce suffering throughout the world.
CONCLUSION:
A One Health approach to this emerging infectious disease is clearly needed to define disease manifestations, to establish the comparative infectious disease pathogenesis of this stealth pathogen, to validate effective treatment regimens and to prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
© 2017 ESVD and ACVD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28133871
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Ugeskr Laeger. 2017 May 15;179(20). pii: V01170027.
[Tick-borne infections in Denmark].
[Article in Danish]
Jensen BB1, Ocias LF, Andersen NS, Dessau RB, Krogfelt KA, Skarphedinsson S.
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Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017 Jun;17(6):376-383. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2073. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Vertebrate Ticks Distribution and Their Role as Vectors in Relation to Road Edges and Underpasses.
Delgado JD1, Abreu-Yanes E2,3, Abreu-Acosta N2, Flor MD4, Foronda P3.
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Parasit Vectors. 2017 Mar 13;10(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2042-7.
Molecular detection of Bartonella henselae in 11 Ixodes ricinus ticks extracted from a siwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28285589ngle cat.
Regier Y1, Ballhorn W1, Kempf VA2.
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PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):e0005416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005416. eCollection 2017 Mar.
First identification of Rickettsia helvetica in questing ticks from a French Northern Brittany Forest.
Bonnet SI1, Paul RE2,3, Bischoff E4, Cote M1, Le Naour E1.
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Vet Dermatol. 2017 Feb;28(1):96-e21. doi: 10.1111/vde.12413.
Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small.
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Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016 Aug;16(8):516-9. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1918. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
Evidence of Bartonella spp. in Blood and Ticks (Ornithodoros hasei) of Bats, in French Guiana.
Davoust B1,2, Marié JL1,2, Dahmani M1, Berenger JM1, Bompar JM3, Blanchet D4, Cheuret M4, Raoult D1, Mediannikov O1.
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Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 Aug;22(8):735.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.014. Epub 2016 May 26.
Seroprevalence of seven pathogens transmitted by the Ixodes ricinus tick in forestry workers in France.
Rigaud E1, Jaulhac B2, Garcia-Bonnet N3, Hunfeld KP4, Féménia F5, Huet D5, Goulvestre C5, Vaillant V6, Deffontaines G7, Abadia-Benoist G8.
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Parasit Vectors. 2016 May 10;9(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1534-1.
Detection of vector-borne pathogens in cats and their ectoparasites in southern Italy.
Persichetti MF1, Solano-Gallego L2, Serrano L3, Altet L3, Reale S1, Masucci M4, Pennisi MG4.
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Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2016 Jul;7(5):763-767. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.009. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Detection of Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus ticks and Bartonella seroprevalence in human populations.
Müller A1, Reiter M2, Schötta AM2, Stockinger H2, Stanek G2.
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Korean J Parasitol. 2016 Feb;54(1):87-91. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.87. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in Ticks Collected from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus).
Kang JG1, Ko S1, Kim HC2, Chong ST2, Klein TA3, Chae JB1, Jo YS1, Choi KS4, Yu DH5, Park BK6, Park J7, Chae JS1.
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Acta Trop. 2017 Mar;167:26-30. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.010. Epub 2016 Dec 13.
Molecular epidemiological survey of bacterial and parasitic pathogens in hard ticks from eastern China.
Liu XY1, Gong XY2, Zheng C3, Song QY2, Chen T2, Wang J2, Zheng J2, Deng HK4, Zheng KY5.
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Microb Ecol. 2016 Nov;72(4):965-974. Epub 2016 May 24.
Bartonella, Rodents, Fleas and Ticks: a Molecular Field Study on Host-Vector-Pathogen Associations in Saxony, Eastern Germany.
Silaghi C1,2, Pfeffer M3, Kiefer D1,4, Kiefer M5, Obiegala A6.
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Front Microbiol. 2016 Aug 4;7:1217. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01217. eCollection 2016.
Molecular Evidence of Bartonella Species in Ixodid Ticks and Domestic Animals in Palestine.
Ereqat S1, Nasereddin A2, Vayssier-Taussat M3, Abdelkader A2, Al-Jawabreh A2, Zaid T2, Azmi K1, Abdeen Z2.
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Microb Ecol. 2016 Nov;72(4):965-974. Epub 2016 May 24.
Bartonella, Rodents, Fleas and Ticks: a Molecular Field Study on Host-Vector-Pathogen Associations in Saxony, Eastern Germany.
Silaghi C1,2, Pfeffer M3, Kiefer D1,4, Kiefer M5, Obiegala A6.
Bartonellae cause zoonotic diseases and are transmitted by arthropods. Rodents are reservoirs for most Bartonella spp. As the knowledge about Bartonella in rodents and their parasitizing ectoparasites is scarce in Germany, this study's objectives were to investigate Bartonella spp. in small mammals and in their ectoparasites. A total of 79 small mammals (seven species) were captured and their ectoparasites collected at seven sites around Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, in 2010 and 2011. Altogether, 79 spleen samples, 135 fleas (five species) and 365 ticks (three species) were investigated for Bartonella spp. by PCR targeting the ITS 16S-23S rRNA region. In total, 52 (65.8 %) small mammals, 73 (54.1 %) fleas and 51 (16.3 %) ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. Most small mammals were positive for uncultured Bartonella sp. (n = 29) followed by Bartonella grahamii (n = 12), Bartonella taylorii (n = 8) and Bartonella sp. N40 (n = 3). Likewise, most fleas were positive for uncultured Bartonella sp. (n = 45) followed by B. grahamii (n = 14), B. taylorii (n = 8), B. sp. N40 (n = 5) and Bartonella elizabethae (n = 2). Most ticks were positive for B. sp. (n = 19) followed by B. grahamii (n = 10), Bartonella chomelii (n = 3), B. taylorii (n = 2) and B. sp. N40 (n = 1). This study's results suggest that rodents and fleas may be reservoirs and vectors, respectively. Zoonotic B. grahamii and B. elizabethae were found in rodents and their fleas. Therefore, humans may contract Bartonella infection by contact to wild rodents. Ticks seem of minor importance in transmitting Bartonella spp. found in fleas and rodents. However, ticks might be vectors of B. chomelii.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27220973
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Arch Neurol. 2001 Sep;58(9):1357-63.
Concurrent infection of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi and Bartonella henselae: evidence for a novel tick-borne disease complex.
Eskow E, Rao RV, Mordechai E. Hunterdon Medical Center, Flemington, NJ, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate Bartonella henselae as a potential human tick-borne pathogen and to evaluate its role as a coinfecting agent of the central nervous system in the presence of neuroborreliosis. DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: A primary health care center in Flemington, NJ, and the Department of Research and Development at Medical Diagnostic Laboratories LLC in Mt Laurel, NJ. SUBJECTS: Two male patients (aged 14 and 36 years) and 2 female patients (aged 15 and 30 years, respectively) with a history of tick bites and Lyme disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory and diagnostic findings before and after antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: Patients residing in a Lyme-endemic area of New Jersey with ongoing symptoms attributed to chronic Lyme disease were evaluated for possible coinfection with Bartonella species. Elevated levels of B henselae-specific antibodies were found in these patients using the immunofluorescent assay. Bartonella henselae-specific DNA was detected in their blood. None of these patients exhibited the clinical characteristics of cat-scratch disease. Findings of cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the presence of both B henselae- and Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA. Bartonella henselae-specific DNA was also detected in live deer ticks obtained from the households of 2 of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data implicate B henselae as a potential human tick-borne pathogen. Patients with a history of neuroborreliosis who have incomplete resolution of symptoms should be evaluated for B henselae infection.Publication Types:* Case Reports PMID: 11559306 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2005 Apr-Jun;(2):44-8.
[Bartonellosis and a possible role of Ixodes ticks (family Ixodidae, order Parasitiformes) in the transmission of pathogenic Bartonella bacteria]
[Article in Russian]
The papers reviews the literature on bartonellosis and a role of Ixodes ticks, including the representatives of the genus Ixodes, in the circulation and transmission of Bartonella bacteria. It shows that man can be infected with pathogenic Bartonella bacteria by the bite of ticks. The paper also presents data on tick-transmitted human and animal mixed infections, including bartonellosis.PMID: 15984622 [PubMed - in process]
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Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002 Jul;25(4):229-36.
Investigation of Bartonella infection in ixodid ticks from California.
Chang CC, Hayashidani H, Pusterla N, et al
Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
A total of 1253 ixodid ticks (254 tick pools) collected between the end of 1995 and the spring of 1997 from six California counties (El Dorado, Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Cruz, Shasta and Sonoma) were examined for the presence of Bartonella DNA by PCR of the citrate synthase gene. Of 1,119 adult Ixodes pacificus ticks tested, 26 (11.6%) of 224 pools, each containing five ticks, were positive (minimum percentage of ticks harboring detectable Bartonella DNA, 2.3%). Bartonella PCR-positive ticks were identified in five counties but none of the ticks from Los Angeles County was positive. Among 47 nymphal I. pacificus ticks collected in Sonoma County, one (10%) positive pool out of 10 pools was identified (minimum percentage of ticks harboring detectable Bartonella DNA, 2.1%). Among the 54 Dermacentor occidentalis grouped in 12 pools from Orange County, one pool (8.3%) was PCR positive for Bartonella and similarly one pool (14.3%) was positive among the 30 Dermacentor variabilis ticks grouped in seven pools. None of the three D. occidentalis from El Dorado County were positive. None of the nine tick pools positive for Ehrlichia phagocytophila were positive for Bartonella. Following our previous findings of Bartonella PCR-positive adult I. pacificus ticks in central coastal California, this is the first preliminary report of the presence of Bartonella DNA in I. pacificus nymphs and in Dermacentor sp. ticks. Distribution of Bartonella among ixodid ticks appears widespread in California. PMID: 12135237 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jul;37(7):2215-22.
Detection and identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Bartonella species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks.
Schouls LM, Van De Pol I, Rijpkema SG, et al
Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. L.M.Schouls@rivm.nl
A sensitive and specific PCR hybridization assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of Ehrlichia and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In separate assays the 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia species and the 23S-5S rRNA spacer region of B. burgdorferi sensu lato were amplified and labeled by PCR. These PCR products were used in a reverse line blot hybridization assay in which oligonucleotide probes are covalently linked to a membrane in parallel lines. Hybridization of the samples with the oligonucleotide probes on this membrane enabled the simultaneous detection and identification of Ehrlichia, B. burgdorferi, and Bartonella species in 40 different samples. The application of the assay to DNA extracts from 121 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer demonstrated that 45% of these ticks carried Ehrlichia DNA. More than half of these positive ticks carried species with 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to those of E. phagocytophila and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent. The majority of the other positive ticks were infected with a newly identified Ehrlichia-like species. In addition, 13% of the ticks were infected with one or more B. burgdorferi genospecies. In more than 70% of the ticks 16S rRNA gene sequences for Bartonella species or other species closely related to Bartonella were found. In five of the ticks both Ehrlichia and B. burgdorferi species were detected. PMID: 10364588 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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https://sites.google.com/view/marylandlyme/tick-borne-diseases/bartonella/bartonella-in-ticks-2
Last Update- April 2019
Lucy Barnes