CONTENTS
(1) Diagnostic criteria for Night Eating Syndrome
(1A) DSM-5 Criteria
(1B) Proposed Criteria by the First International Night Eating Symposium
(2) Self-help book
(3) Professional literature
(3A) Treatment approaches
(3B) Assessment and diagnosis
(3C) Assessment
(1) Diagnostic criteria for Night Eating Syndrome
(1A) DSM-5 Criteria
Recurrent episodes of night eating, as manifested by eating after awakening from sleep, or by excessive food consumption after the evening meal. There is awareness and recall of the eating. The night eating is not better explained by external influences such as changes in the individual's sleep-wake cycle or by local social norms. The night eating causes significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. The disordered pattern of eating is not better explained by another mental disorder or to an effect of medication.
(1B) Proposed Criteria by the First International Night Eating Symposium (2008)
(1) Evening hyperphagia (consumption of at least 25% of daily intake after the evening meal) and/or ≥ 2 nocturnal ingestions (defined as waking up at night to eat) per week.
(2) In addition, an individual must experience at least three of the five following features:
morning anorexia (defined as absence of morning appetite);
a strong urge to eat between dinner and sleep onset and/or during nocturnal awakenings;
insomnia at least four to five times per week;
a belief that eating is necessary to initiate or return to sleep;
depressed mood that worsens during evening hours.
(3) Finally, an awareness and ability to recall evening or nocturnal ingestions must be present; this criterion is necessary to differentiate NES and Sleep Related Eating Disorder (SRED), a disorder in which nocturnal ingestions occur without awareness and are unable to be recalled.
(2) Self-help book
Allison, K. C., Stunkard, A. J., & Thier, S. L. (2004). Overcoming night eating syndrome: A step-by-step guide to breaking the cycle. New Harbinger. [Amazon]
(3) Professional literature
(3A) Treatment approaches
Allison, K. C., & Tarves, E. P. (2011). Treatment of night eating syndrome. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 34(4), 785–796. [Full Text]
Allison KC, Lundgren JD, Moore RH, O'Reardon JP, & Stunkard AJ. (2010). Cognitive behavior therapy for night eating syndrome: a pilot study. American Journal of Psychotherapy; 64(1): 91-106. [Full Text]
Berner, L. A., & Allison, K. C. (2013). Behavioral management of night eating disorders. Psychology research and behavior management, 6, 1–8. [Full Text]
Kucukgoncu S, Midura M, Tek C. (2015). Optimal management of night eating syndrome: challenges and solutions, 11, 751-760. [Full Text]
Lundgren, J. D., Allison, K. C., Stunkard, A. J. (Eds). (2012). Night Eating Syndrome: Research, Assessment, and Treatment. Guilford. Link.
Vinai P, Allison KC, Cardetti S, Carpegna G, Ferrato N, Masante D, Vallauri P, Ruggiero GM, Sassaroli S. (2008). Psychopathology and treatment of night eating syndrome: a review. Eat Weight Disorder, 13, 2, 54-63. [Full Text]
Vander Wal, J.S., Maraldo, T., Vercellone, A.C., & Gagne, D.A. (2015). Behavioral interventions for the treatment of night eating syndrome: A pilot study. Appetite, 89, 136-144.
Vander Wal, J.S. (2013). The treatment of night eating syndrome: A review and theoretical model. Current Obesity Reports. 3, 137-144.
Vander Wal, J.S. (2012). Night eating syndrome: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(1), 49-59.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302016000700701
(3B) Diagnosis
Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., O'Reardon, J. P., Sarwer, D.B., Wadden, T.A., & Stunkard, A.J. (2008). The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ): Psychometric properties of a measure of severity of the Night Eating Syndrome. Eating Behaviors, 9, 62–72. Google Scholar
Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., O’Reardon, J. P., Geliebter, A., Gluck, M. E., Vinai, P., Mitchell, J. E., Schenck, C. H., Howell, M. J., Crow, S. J., Engel, S., Latzer, Y., Tzischinsky, O., Mahowald, M. W., & Stunkard, A. J. (2010). Proposed diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 241–247. PubMed PubMedCentral Google Scholar
Allison; et al. (2010). "Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Night Eating Syndrome". International Journal of Eating Disorders. 43 (3): 241–247.
(3C) Assessment
Self-report questionnaires and semistructured diagnostic tools including Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Night Eating Syndrome Questionnaire (NESQ), Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ), Night Eating Symptom Scale (NESS), Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), and Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI) can be used for the assessment of NES.
The NEQ consists of 14 questions concerning morning anorexia, nocturnal ingestions, evening hyperphagia, mood, and sleep. The positive predictive value (PPV) of a score of 25 or greater is reported as 40.7%; the PPV of a score of 30 or greater is reported as 72.7%. The negative predictive value was high for cut scores of both 25 (95.2%) and 30 (94.0%).
Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) Revised
Night Eating Syndrome History Inventory (NESHI)/Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)
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Kelly C. Allison, PhD. - Dr. Allison's Webpage For The Center For Weight And Eating Disorders
CNN: There's a scientific reason you crave junk food when you don't get enough sleep