Scaffolds are temporary supports that allow students to complete difficult tasks. There are many types of scaffolds including teacher scaffolds, material scaffolds, and sequence of instruction. Teacher scaffolds reflect how a teacher designs instruction. Typically, teachers model skills and slowly fade support as students begin to master the skills. Instructional scaffolds include material support (e.g., visuals, story maps, graphic organizers, strategies) that students use to learn the concepts. Sequencing instruction is used as a scaffold to allow students to master easier concepts before moving to difficult concepts. Scaffolds allow students to attempt more complex tasks by adding supports, and slowly fading supports until students are able to independently complete the task.
Learning to read requires multiple processes to happen simultaneously. Students are required to recall letter sound relationships, determine word meaning, connect to previously learned skills, incorporate background knowledge, and fluently piece them together. By using scaffolds, teachers can avoid overburdening students’ thinking by supporting some of the processes required when learning to read.
Archer, A. L., & Hughes, C. A. (2011). Explicit Instruction. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Coyne, M. D., Kame’enui, E. J., & Carnine, D. W. (2011). Effective teaching strategies: That accommodate diverse learners. (4th ed) Boston, MA: Pearson.
Hattie, J. A. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of 800+ meta-analyses on achievement. New York, NY: Routledge.