Unit 3

Random motion- movement in all directions and at different speeds.

Diffusion- The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Kinetic energy- Added energy increased of the particles increased.

Thermodynamics- the study of heat.

Thermal expansion- The increase in volume of a material when motion increases.

Thermal contraction- when particle motion decreases and causes the particles to occupy less volume.

Temperature- The measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a material.

Condensation- The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

Vaporization- The change of state from liquid to gas.

Potential energy- the stored energy due to the interactions between particles or objects

Thermal Energy- Total energy of a system that is dependent on the number of particles in the system

Closed system- a system that does not exchange matter or energy with the environment

Open System- system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment

Source Object- Object that provides energy for the energy transfer

Receiver Object- Object that gains energy from the energy transfer

Heat- the amount of thermal energy transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature

Conduction- transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles

Thermal equilibrium- When temperature of materials that is in contact is the same

Radiation- Transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves

Convection- transfer of thermal energy by movement of particles from one part of a material to another

Specific Heat- amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of material by 1 degree Celsius

Thermal conductor- material through which thermal energy flows easily

Thermal insulator- Material through which thermal energy does not flow easily

Kinetic Energy- energy an object has due to its motion

Temperature- measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a material

Potential energy- stored energy due to interaction between particles or objects

Thermal Energy- result of the motion of all particles and the distance and attractions between those particles in the system

Atom- small particle that is the building block of matter

Substance- Matter with composition that is always the same

Element- substance made of only one type of atom

Compound- a type of substance that occurs when atoms of two or more different elements are bonded together

Chemical Formula- group of chemical symbols and numbers that represent the elements and number of atoms

Thermal Contraction- decrease in volume as its temperature decreases

Thermal expansion- increase in volume as temperature increases

Heat- Transferee of thermal energy from region of higher temperature to a region with lower temperature

Pressure- amount of force per unit applied to an objects surface

Vaporization- change in state from liquid to gas

Molecules- group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds and act as a unit