Notes 6

Medical Terms Chapter 6 Notes

Main Idea: The digestive system, called the ___________________ system or ___________________ canal, breaks down food, absorbs it, and eliminates waste. System extends from the mouth to the anus and includes numerous organs.

*The foods are mixed with  

Mouth

• • • Digestion begins here, in the  ___________________ cavity (oral cavity), with teeth and saliva

    • Three pairs of salivary glands secrete  

    • Teeth  ___________________ break down food

    • Bolus-Ball of chewed food in the mouth.

    • Tongue helps mechanical digestion process. It  

    • *Four basic tastes are:      

    • *Sight and smell impact the sense of taste.

    • Deglutition-Process of  

    • Roof of mouth composed of hard palate (anterior) and soft palate (posterior).

    • Entire oral cavity lined with

      •  

• • pharynx – ___________________, food moves through guided by soft, fleshy uvula

  • trachea – leads to lungs from pharynx, ___________________ folds over trachea when swallowing to prevent  

  •  

  • esophagus – leads to  

  • stomach – saclike structure that serves as food reservoir. Continues  

    • • lower esophageal sphincter –stops food from  

      • stomach divided into the body

• • • *The stomach produces  

    • *Chyme-Mixture of  

• • small intestine – 20’ long tube from stomach to large intestine

    • • divided into  

      • digestion  

      • Villi-Microscopic finger-like projections lining the small intestine that  ____________    ______________  into the  

      • any unabsorbed or undigested material is passed into  

      • I ___________________ valve-Sphincter muscle that joins the ileum to the large intestines cecum.

  • large intestine – 5’ long and extends from ileum to the anus.

    • •  

      • Appendix=Worm-like  

      • Regions – cecum(2” long), colon, rectum, and anus

      • The colon absorbs water and minerals, and  

      • *Parts of the colon are  

      • End of the GI system

Accessory Organs

• • Liver – largest  

    • • Produces ___________________ which  

      • Remove sugars from blood to  

      • Stores vitamins(

      • Making toxic  

      • Maintain  

      • Producing blood proteins  

  • Pancreas – elongated organ near stomach that secretes  ________________ and produces  ________________ enzymes into the duodenum. *

• • Gallbladder – near liver, serves as a  

• • Ulcers – circumscribed  

    • • Peptic Ulcer Disease – develops on parts of GI system exposed to

      • Ulcerative Colitis – chronic inflammatory disease in of the  

        •  

  • Hernia – protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall that contains it

    • • ___________________  hernia – develops in groin, shows up as a small bump in skin

      • ___________________ hernia – blood supply to hernia is cut off

      • ___________________ hernia – protrusion of part of intestine at navel

      • ___________________  hernia – congenital disorder, hernia of diaphragm

      • ___________________ hernia – lower part of esophagus and part of stomach protrude into diaphragm

        • • • • • Bowel Obstruction

  • Volvulus- ___________________ bowels may result in:

  • A)Ischemis-

  • B)Necrosis-

  • C)Peritonitis-Inflammation of the  

• • Intussusception-Occurs when one part of the  

  • *Surgery is needed to fix both obstructions.

• • Hemorrhoids- ___________     ________ in mucous membrane of the anal area.

  • *Caused by abdominal pressure(Pregnancy, difficult bowel movements, prolonged sitting or standing.)

  •  

  • Liver disorders

  • Hepatitis A-Infectious hepatitis(Caused by ingestion of  

  • Hepatitis B=Serum hepatitis(Contracted by  

  • Cirrhosis=

  • Jaundice(Icterus)- ___________________ the skin, because the liver no longer removes bilirubin.

  • *Bilirubin is the product when erythrocytes are destroyed.(A block bile duct may also cause jaundice.)

  •  

  • Diverticulitis-Small  

  • Diverticulitis- ___________________ of the diverticula.( May result in Obstipation-

  • Generally treatment of bed rest, antibiotics and a soft diet reverses the symptoms.

  • Diverticulectomy-

• • • Oncology

• • Gastric adenocarcinoma-A cancerous glandular tumor formed from the

• • Colerectal cancer-Arises from epithelial lining of the  

  • Pharmacology

• • • Antacids-

    • Antidiarrheals-

    • Antimetics-Prevent  

    • Antispasmodics-Prevent

    • Laxatives-Help