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Chap 8 Medical Term Notes
The cardiovascular system is composed of the
Three Major types of vessels:
Artery- Vessels that move blood __________________ from the heart.(Generally
*Not
Capillary-tiny vessels that transport blood from
*Only have a __________________ layer endothelial cells and blood
Vein-Vessels that __________________blood to the heart.(Generally carry
*Not
Three layers of large arteries:
Tunica externa- Tough, __________________r coat of connective tissue that provides
Tunica media- Layer of
*Vasoconstriction-________________of the lumen _________________ caused by smooth muscle _________________
*Vasodialtion- __________________ of the lumen caused by smooth muscle
Tunica intima- Thin, inner lining composed of __________________ cells that provides a __________________ surface so blood can
Lumen-
Pulse- __________________ of __________________ caused by the heart __________________
Arterioles- ________ __________ where oxygenated blood travels
Venules- Smaller vessels that develop from the union of capillaries…
*Veins propel blood by skeletal muscle
Valves- Small structures within __________________ that prevent the __________________ of blood
* __________________ found in the veins of the
Deoxygenated- contains a l _________concentration of __________________
Heart
Pericardium- __________________ that contains the heart and has __________________ distinct tissue layers
Endocardium: Serous membrane that l __________________ the four chambers of the heart and its valves and is __________________ with the endothelium of the
Myocardium: __________________ layer of the heart
Epicardium: __________________ layer of the heart
4 Chambers of the heart
Right atrium: Upper chamber that collects blood
Left atrium: Upper chamber that collects blood
Right ventricle: Lower chamber that pumps blood to the
Left Ventricle: Lower chamber that pumps blood to the
Superior vena cava- __________________ and carries blood from the __________________ part of the body back to the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior vena cava- __________________ and carries blood from the __________________ part of the body back to the right atrium of the heart.
Tricuspid valve- Where the blood passes through as it leaves the right atrium and enters the right ventricle
Left pulmonary artery- When heart contracts, blood leaves the right ventricle by way of this and __________________ to the
Right pulmonary artery- When heart contracts, blood leaves the right ventricle by way of this and __________________ to the
Pulmonic valve- (Pulmonary semilunar valve.) _______________ a __________________of blood into the right ventricle
*Pulmonary arteries branch into millions of c __________________ which are close to alveolus, where ___ ____ ___ exchange.
*The capillaries then join the
(2) Right pulmonary veins- Vessels that carry __________________blood back to the heart ( )
(2) Left pulmonary veins- Vessels that carry __________________blood back to the heart (
Mitral (bicuspid) valve- Blood passes through here after leaving the __________________and then goes to the
Aorta- After contraction of the ventricles, oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta (the __________ artery of the body)
Aortic semilunar valve-(Aortic valve)-Permits blood flow only from left
Coronary- __________________system, lies over the top of the heart much as a
Right coronary artery- Vascularizes the __________________ side of the __________________
Left coronary artery- Vascularizes the __________________ side of the __________________
Left anterior descending artery- The blood flows through here to the lower part of the ________ side of the __________ from the left coronary artery.
Circumflex artery- The blood flows through here to the
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
Conductive tissue-Sole function of the i__________________ and __________________contraction ________________
A) Sinoatrial (SA) node- Located in the upper _______ ___________, possesses its own intrinsic rhythm. Also known as
B)Atrioventricular (AV) node- Located at the base of the right atrium. Gets __________________ from SA node
C)Bundle of his (AV bundle)- tract of __________________fibers called the bundle of His, composed of a right and left branch, relays the
D)Purkinje Fibers- __________________the impulse to both the right and left ventricles, causing them to
Sequence summary= Asinoatrial (SA) nodeà)Atrioventricular (AV) nodeàBundle of his (AV bundle)à)Purkinje Fibers
Electrocardiograph-__________________of electrical impulses of the
P wave is the __________________ (contraction) of the
QRS complex is the __________________ (contraction) of the
T wave is the __________________ (recovery) of the
Blood Pressure
__________________-When blood is forced out of the heart.
__________________-When the heart __________________ and blood flows back into the heart.
*Normal blood pressure is near
Hypotension-Consistently __________________blood pressure.
Hypertension- Consistently __________________ blood pressure.
Factors that influence blood pressure:
A) __________________ of the blood flow in blood vessels.
B) __________ ________of the heart
C) __________________- Thickness (of blood)
D) __________________of arteries
E) __________________ of blood in the vascular system.
Fetal circulation:
*Respiration, the procurement of nutrients, and the elimination of metabolic wastes occur through the maternal blood instead of the organs of the fetus.
Umbilical cord- contains two arteries that carries__________________blood from
Placenta-attaches to the wall of your __________________, and your baby's umbilical cord arises from it.
*__________________, __________________ and __________________ exchange take place here.
Umbilical vein- Blood __________________ from the placenta, after oxygenation, to the fetus by this.
Ductus venosus-Vessel which blood from the umbilical vein flows through to the
Inferior vena cava- Collects and carries blood from the lower part of the body back to the ______ _______of the heart.
Right atrium- Upper chamber that collects blood
Right ventricle- Lower chamber that pumps blood to the heart
Left atrium- Upper chamber that collects blood
Foramen ovale-A small opening in the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the______atrium to the
*This normally
Left ventricle-: Lower chamber that pumps blood to the heart
Ductus arteriosus-A vessel that shunts(__________________) blood from the left ventrical to the
*Immediately after birth this
. (__________________ blood circulation is fully established.)
Pathology
*Many cardiovascular diseases have few
*The pains _______________, _____________, pattern of radiation, and ____________are important to distinguish the disorder.(Tests are required to confirm disorders.)
Cardiology-Medical __________________ concerned with disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Cardiologist-__________________who treats disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Arteriosclerosis
Atheroma- cellular __________________ that builds up on tunica intima(Inner most lining of the arterial wall)
Atherosclerosis- __________________ __________________on the arterial walls, causing a loss of vascular elasticity
*Arteries become thicker and more
Lumen- the vascular channel __________________as the plaque enlarges.
Thrombus- __________________formed by blood hemorrhage into the plaque.
Embolus-Thrombus__________________through the vascular system.
*Emboli that travel in arterial circulation frequently lodge in a capillary bed and cause a
Aneurysm-A __________________ of an artery, which may be caused by plaque weakening the vessel wall.(p. 200)
Femoral arteries-major __________________ of the __________________ that can be affected by arteriosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia- __________________ cholesterol level, high risk factor for arteriosclerosis
*Other risk factors include
Endarterectomy-A process of __________________the innermost __________________ of the artery.
*Common for
Angioplasty-The process of inserting a deflated ________________into the _________________ area, ______________ the balloon to stretch the narrowed artery.
__________________-A hallow mesh tube. It may be placed in the area where angioplasty was performed.
Coronary Artery Disease-
Ischemia-
*____________ ______of cardiac output is needed for heart muscles.
Myocardial infrction_(MI)-when heart
*Clinical signs and symptoms include__________________ (chest pain), diaphoresis, __________________ (paleness), and
As heart muscles undergo necrotic changes, enzymes troponin T, troponin I and creatinine kinase(CK-MB) are released.
*These enzymes differentiate MI from
__________________transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)-Deflated balloon is passed through a small incision in the skin and into the diseased blood vessel.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft(GABG)-Using a small graft of a vein to
Endocarditis-
Endicarditis-Inflammation of the inner lining of the
Predisposing factors may be congenital
Bacteremia-__________________traveling in the
Regurgitation-__________________of blood caused by__________________and __________________collecting on the valves.
*Valve scarring may occur from the collection of fibrin and platelets and may result in
*The build up may __________________ and __________________to the
Insufficiency-Inability of the valves to close properly.
Prophylactic treatment-A process of giving __________________ to patients prior to routine __________________visits, since many of these
Varicose veins
Varicose veins-
*Most common in lower
*Incompetent-Process in which _________________do not__________________ properly, and __________________ of blood accumulates in the veins and causes them to
Edema-__________________in surrounding tissue.
Oncology
Myxoma may interfere with mitrl valve function and cause a decrease in
__________________ is used to identify__________________and excised surgically.
Most primary malignant tumors of the heart are the result of malignancy originating in another area of the body that has
Most common tumors to __________________ are tumors of the
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