Notes 4

Chap 4 Notes

Main idea of chapter: basic structural and functional organization of the body, planes of the body, body cavities, spinal column, regions of the abdominal systems, pathology, diagnosis terms

Levels of an organism

• 1. Cell

Study of body at cellular level is called ______________

______________ is the structural unit of life, essential to all body processes(

A cell is composed of :

A)Cell membrane –

B)Cytoplasm –

C)Nucleus – responsible for    

2.Tissue –A group of cells that perform a specialized activity. (The body has 4 major tissues)

Epithelial tissue – cover surfaces of

Composed of several layers of cells

Connective tissue –

Muscle tissue – contractile tissue

Nervous tissue – transmits  

*Histology is the study of tissues.

3.Organ-Body structures of _____ or more ______________ types that perform ______________ functions.

4.System – groups of ______________and ______________ that have interrelated functions

Ex. Respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, etc

Organism – complete living entity capable of

Anatomical Position – body posture used as reference for studying anatomy

*Describe the anatomical position.

Planes – used to study various sections of the body, most common are

Cavities – 2 major cavities, ______________cavity (posterior) and ______________cavity (anterior). (p.45)

Abdominal area is divided into 4 quadrants (diagnostic purposes) or 9 regions (identification of organs, etc)

Body Quadrants are located in table 4-3, while the Abdominopelvic regions are located in table 4-4.

Spine is divided into sections of vertebrae:

Cervical                                                                                Sacral

Thoracic                                                                               Coccyx

Lumbar

*Directional terms table 4-5*  Discuss some of the hints.

Homeostasis –____________    _____________________  with narrow range of temp, water, acidity, and salt concentration

Disease – homeostasis ____________   or body systems unable to  

*From a clinical view, disease is a ____________   or ____________  condition that presents a group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings.

Signs-Objective indicator that are

Clinical findings are results of ____________   and other ____________   performed on the patients.

Symptom – subjective, only

Etiology – study of ____________  of disease or disorder

Diagnosis – establishing ____________   and ____________  of disease.

Prognosis – ____________  of course of a disease.

Idiopathic – disease whose cause is ____________ 

Diagnostic, symptomatic and related terms. P.57-58.

Figure 4-4 Medical imaging.

Diagnostic and therapeutic Procedures 59-64.

Abbreviations. P. 64-65