Embedded Files
Chapter 6 notes(p. 158-182)
Temperature-
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object.
Thermal energy-
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object.
Heat-= (q) =
Thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature.
Specific heat-
Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of some material by 1oC.
Insulator-
Material in which heat flows slowly.
Solar collectors-
A device that absorbs radiant energy from the sun.
Thermodynamics-
The study of the relationship of thermal energy, heat and work.
Heat engine-
A device that converts heat into work
*Combustion-
The rapid burning of a substance.
Internal combustion engine-
An engine in which fuel is burned inside the engine in chambers or cylinders
External combustion engine-
An engine in which fuel is burned outside the engine
Extra notes
ENERGY IS WEIGHTLESS, ODORLESS, COLORLESS, AND TASTELESS.
*Energy =
The capacity to do work.
*Chemical potential energy =
Energy stored in chemicals because of their composition.
*Heat energy=
The total kinetic energy of all the molecules or atoms in a substance.
*Kinetic energy=
Energy due to motion.
*Absolute Zero=
The theoretical temperature at which all motion stops. (0 Kelvin or -273 oC)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grzObtNOIX0
*Law of conservation of energy =
This states that in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed.
(Energy is neither created nor destroyed only ▲d)
*Thermochemistry =
The study of the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions i.e..Burning and physical changes of state.i.e.. evaporation
*Melting point=
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
*Heat of fusion=
The amount of energy needed to melt a substance.
*Evaporation=
A process in which a liquid changes to a gas.
*Boiling point=
The temperature at which a substance quickly changes from a liquid to a vapor.
*Heat of vaporization=
The amount of energy needed to vaporize a substance.
*Condensation=
The process in which a gas forms a liquid.
calorie =
The quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 o C.(4-5 o C)
joule =
The SI unit of heat and energy.
1 Food cal =1 Cal =1 Kilocalorie=1000 calories 1 Cal = 4.18 kJ = 4180 J and 1 cal = 4.18 J
Ex. Convert the following to:
Joules calories
140 Kj= 4180 joules=
200 calories= 7 Calories=
10 Calories= 4 Kcal=
Joules
140 Kj= 140 X 1000=140,000 J
200 calories= 200X 4.18 = 836 J
10 Calories= 10 X 1000X 4.18= 41,800 J
calories
4180 joules= 4180/4.18 =1000 cal
7 Calories= 7 X 1000 =7,000 cal
4 Kcal= 4 X 1000 =4,000 cal
Helpful hints*
Joules are always larger than calories!
The numbers you need to know are 1000 and 4.18!
calories to joules multiply by 4.18
Joules to calories divide by 4.18
Kilo=Food=CalorieàMultiply by 1000
*Heat capacity =
The amount of energy it takes to change an objects temperature exactly 1 o C.
Specific heat capacity =Specific Heat = C =
The amount of heat it takes to raise 1 g of a substance 1 o C. It is usually measured in J/g C
Example
What is the amount of energy needed to raise 10 g of Magnesium 2 o C?
Δ=Change
Mass(Specific Heat)(Δ of T)= Energy
10 g(1.01 J/g o C) 2 o C =20.2 J
*System =
The specific part of the universe on which you focus your attention.
*Surroundings =
Everything outside the system.
*Universe =
The system and surroundings together form this.
*Exothermic process=
A process that gives heat to the surroundings.
*Endothermic process =
A process that absorbs heat from the surroundings.
*Calorimeter =
Device used to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical or physical processes.
*Calorimetry =
The accurate and precise measurement of the heat change for chemical and physical processes.(Study of heat change.)
*Fluid-
Any material that can flow
Radiator-
Device with a large surface area designed to heat the air near it by conduction
Solar energy-
Energy from the sun
Thermal pollution-
This results when waste thermal energy raises the temperature of the environment
*Cooling towers-
A device used by power plants to cool water by fans or evaporation so it is “safe” for the environment
Heat mover-
A device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another at a different temperature
Heat pump-
A two-way heat mover
Page updated
Report abuse