Embedded Files
Chapter 3 p.76-103
Noncontact force: A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it.
Gravity: An attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.
Field: A region of space that has a physical quantity (such as force) at every point.
Weight: The gravitational force exerted on an object.
Variable=
The quantity that can have more than one value.(The thing that is not the same.)
Two types of variables
Independent=(What you change.)
The variable you change in an experiment.
Dependent=(What you measure.)
The measurable result from the change you made in the experiment.
Constant=
The factor that does NOT change in an experiment.
Control=
The standard to which the test results can be compared.
Bias=
A person expects changes. (This may influence the data.)
Model=
Something that represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it.
*Models may be larger, smaller or the same size as the object they represent.*
Technology=
The application of science to help people.
Standard=
An exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements.
SI-System International (International system of measurement.)
SI base units:
Measurement Base unit Label
Length- Meter m
Mass- Kilogram Kg
Time- Second s
Electric Current- Ampre Amp
Temperature- Kelvin K
Amount of substance- Mole mol
Intensity of Light- Candela cd
Volume- Cubic meter m3
Three Categories of science.
A) Life-
Category of science that deals with living things.
B) Earth-
Category of science that deals with Earth and space.
C) Physical-
Category of science that deals with matter and energy.
Science comes from the Latin word scientia which means knowledge.
Scientific Method=
An organized set of investigation procedures.
STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. OBSERVATION =
The use of one or more of the five senses to perceive an object or event.
2. *COLLECTING DATA =
Gathering and recording information based on observation.
A) QUALITATIVE DATA(opinion) = Data obtained by the senses.
B) QUANTITIVE DATA = Data dealing with numbers.
3. *ORGANIZING DATA =
Placing data in a logical order. (Graphs, charts, tables, or maps).
4. *CLASSIFYING –
A process of grouping objects, organisms, or phenomena into established schemes.
5. HYPOTHESIZING =
A process of forming a testable statement.
HYPOTHESIS = “Educated guess”.
6. *PREDICTING –
A statement in advance, based on data.
(“If-then” statement.”)
7. EXPERIMENTING – (experiment)
A process of testing a hypothesis or prediction by carrying out data gathering procedures.
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT =
A type of experiment in which you have a control group and an experiment group that are IDENTICAL, except one area.
(Everything in the experiment is the same except one factor.)
a. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE =
The factor in a controlled experiment that is different.(What you change.)
b. DEPENDENT VARIABLE =
The factor that is different due to the independent variable. (What you measure.)
Control=
A standard for comparison.
8. *INFERRING =
The process of drawing conclusions on the basis of facts instead of direct perception.
9. *MODELING =
The process of constructing a representation of an object, system, or idea. **A model may be larger, smaller, or the same size as the object(s) it (they ) represent.**
10. CONCLUSION= Judgment based on information obtained
11. *COMMUNICATION =
The sharing of information.
Three types of graphs.
A) Line Graph-Shows relationship between MV and RV.
A type of graph that shows the relationship between the change in the dependent variable, which results from a change in the independent variable.
Ex. Height of plant vs amount of fertilizer.
B) Bar Graph-
A type of graph used to compare different groups that were counted.
Ex. Hours students use electronics.
C) Circle graph-(Pie)
A type of graph used to show the parts of a whole.(Represent 100 %)
Ex. Energy from various food groups.
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