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A) Linda grows 25 plants of radish at 10 oC, 15 oC, 20 oC and 25 oC. She measures the growth everyday at 5 PM for thirty days. All plants are grown in the same soil type with the same humidity in each growth chamber and the same amount of water is added to each growing tray.
*Copy the bold area and then answer them based on the above information.
Experimental Design Diagram
MV
RV-
TITLE :
HYPOTHESIS:
CONSTANTS
List type of control: (NTC or ESC)
What is the control?
What are design flaws?
MV Temperature 10 oC 15 oC 20 oC 25 oC.
# of Trials 25 25 25 25
RV: The Growth Rate of Radishes.
TITLE : The Effect of Temperature on the Growth Rate of Radishes.
HYPOTHESIS: The Radishes with the warmest temperature will grow the fastest.
CONSTANTS:
Same type of plants.
Same time of measurements.
Same type of soil.
Same humidity.
Same amount of water.
Same growing period.
Same amount of light.
Same number of plants in each group.
Growth chamber used in all groups.
FLAWS
Same type of radish MAY NOT be the same.
Same amount of light MAY NOT be the same.
Growth chamber MAY NOT be the same.
PROCEDURE:
1. Obtain four growing trays.
2. Place 8 cups of potting soil into each tray.
3. Label 10 oC on one tray, 15 oC on one tray, 20 oC on one tray, and 25 oC on the final tray.
4. Plant 25 seeds 1 cm deep and 2 cm apart in each tray.
5. Add 250 ml of water to each tray.
6. Keep soil moist throughout the experiment; be sure to add the same amount of water to each tray.
7. Keep plants under the grow lights with a timer and rotate the location of the groups daily to ensure similar growing environments.
8. Take daily height measurements, record observations, and take pictures.
9. At the end of the growth stage, take plants out of each tray. Take pictures of the roots and record observations.
10. Place each plant in a small paper bag and dehydrate them in the oven. Mass the plants with a balance, this will measure the dry weight or biomass of each plant.
List type of control: ESC, because we need a temperature.
What is the control? 25 oC (Just pick one of the temperatures.)
B) Lillyan explored the magnifying power of water drops. She bent a paper clip into a 3mm wide circle, filled the circle with water and looked through the drop at the letter E. She looked at 5 different drops with this size circle. Each time she noted the magnification as none, small, or large. She then used a 6 mm and 9 mm circle to do the same thing in the same way.
Experimental Design Diagram
MV
RV-
TITLE :
HYPOTHESIS:
CONSTANTS
List type of control: (NTC or ESC)
What is the control?
What are design flaws?
1.The MV is the number of drop.
2.The RV is the magnification of the letter E.
3. Title: Does the amount of water affect the magnification of objects?
4.The hypothesis is that the more water droplets will magnify more.
5.The constants are the letter E, type of paper clip, water(liquid), # of trials, classification is the same, shape of paper clip
6. The control type is NTC.(Should be)
7. The letter E with no magnification is the control .(Should be)
8.What could be a design flaws the E could be ruined by the water, the height at which the “magnifying “ glass is held from the eye and from the object, the “circle” might not be round, type of water, magnification labels are not specific, and the paper clips may be different.
C) Marlo investigated the effect of ear length on the ability to hear. He had a friend walk toward him with a ticking clock and measured the distance in meters at which he first heard the clock. Then he made 3 sets of cardboard ears, a 12 cm pair, 24 cm pair, and a 36 cm pair. He attached the ears and conducted the test just as he had without the cardboard ears. He did the entire procedure 4 times for each ear size(12 total trials).
Experimental Design Diagram
MV -
RV-
TITLE :
HYPOTHESIS:
CONSTANTS
List type of control: (NTC or ESC) Explain.
What is the control?
What are design flaws?
1. The MV is the size cardboard ears.
2. The RV is the distance in meters at which the clock ticking was first heard.
Will ear size impact the distance sounds are heard?
3. The smaller ears will need to be closer to the clock to hear.
6. Constants are the same clock ticking, start at same distance, all cardboard ears, same background noise, same # of trials, same person.
5. The control type is NTC, because sounds can be heard without cardboard ears.
4. The control is the person’s ears.
7. A design flaw may be the person change the speed at which they walked; the cardboard ears may be shaped differently, the cardboard may be different types, their may be extra background noise, they may start at different distances.
D) John did an experiment to see if a certain weed killer (brand name Weed-X), harmed soybean plants. He used soybeans from his grain bin and planted them in his level field away from trees, ditches, and buildings that might interfere with their growth. One row had no Weed-x, one had 1 kilogram/acre of Weed-x, one had 2 kilogram/acre of Weed-x, and one had 3 kilogram/acre of Weed-x. Every 2 weeks during the summer he recorded the average plant height of each row and the average number of weeds in each row. When the field was harvested in the fall he weighed the soybeans from each row. Each row contained 200 soybean plants.
Experimental Design Diagram
MV
RV-
TITLE :
HYPOTHESIS:
CONSTANTS
List type of control: (NTC or ESC) Explain.
What is the control?
What are design flaws?
1. The MV is the amount of Weed-x/acre.
2. The RV is the size of the plant as well as the yield.
3. The more Weed-X/acre, the smaller the yield for the soybeans.
4. The control is no Weed-X.
5. The control type is a NTC.
6. Some constants are the same type of plant(soybeans), same growing conditions, same growing season, same number of plants in each row.
7. A design flaw may be the soil type may vary, if there are more weeds, there will be less fertilizer and/or water for the beans, finally, the rows on the outside may be exposed to more wind or weather than the ones in the middle.
E) Mark became interested in objects floating in different liquids. He put 500 ml of vinegar in a 1 liter jar and measured how high a block of balsam wood would float in the liquid. He then repeated the procedure with 500 ml of the following corn oil, motor oil, water, soda, and milk.
Experimental Design Diagram
MV
RV
TITLE :
HYPOTHESIS:
CONSTANTS (3)
List type of control: (NTC or ESC) Explain.
What is the control?
What are design flaws? (2)
1. The MV is the liquid in which the wood block floats.
2. The RV is how high in the liquid the block floats.
3.Which liquid will cause the block to float the highest?
4. The block will float the highest in motor oil.
5. The control type is an ESC. You need a liquid to float wood.
6. The control is water or any of the other liquids.
7. Constants are the same amount of liquid(500 ml), same type of wood block, same size jar(1 liter).
8. A design flaw may be not using the same density for the wood. If the same block is used, it may absorb some of the liquid. The jar was not cleaned between trials. Not enough trials(You need at least 4 trials of each liquid.) Finally, the type of water may vary.
F) Maria held her arms straight in front of her and wiggled her fingers. She kept looking straight ahead. She moved her arms to the side until she could no longer see her wiggling fingers. She had her sister measure the distance between her hands in centimeters. Maria repeated the experiment with her right eye covered and then her left eye covered.
1.MV
2. RV
3. Title
4. Write a hypothesis
5. List the control
6. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
7. List at least 3 constants.
8. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1. The MV is the eye(s) that is/are open.
2. The RV is the distance between fingers.
3. The distance between fingers is affected by which eye is open.
4. The distance between fingers will be the greatest when both eyes are open.
5. The control type is an ESC and the control is both eyes.
6. Constants are arms straight, measured in cm, same person doing the experiment, the same person measuring.
7. A design flaw are not enough trials, not enough levels, not enough different people doing the trials, did she bend her arms, and maybe moving her eyes or arms differently.
G) Larry knew that objects in water make things look larger than they really are. He wondered if other liquids do the same thing so he put a pencil in alcohol, corn oil, glycerin, and water and ranked the sizes as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
1.MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. List the control
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
6. List at least 3 constants.
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1. The MV is the different types of liquids.
2. The RV is the apparent size of the pencil.
3. The pencil will look the largest in the corn oil.
4. The control is the water.
5. The control type is an ESC because Larry did not do a trial with no liquids.
6. Constants are pencils,.
7. A design flaw are not enough trials, not enough variables, not enough different people doing the trials, and maybe moving her eyes or arms.
H) Mike put 100 yellow seeds, 100 brown seeds, and 100 red seeds in his bird feeder to see which color of seeds the birds seemed to like the most.
1.MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. List the control
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
6. List at least 3 constants.
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1. The MV is the different colored seeds.
2. The RV is the amount of seeds eaten or left.
3. The color of the seed will not affect the number of seeds eaten.
4. The control is the red seeds.
5. The control type is an ESC because the seeds need some color
6. Constants are bird feeder, number of seeds, .
7. A flaw might be the seeds are mixed, there may be different days the project is administered, different birds may prefer different colors.
I) Lucy used plain apple slices and apple slices that had been dipped in lemon juice, fruit freshener, and lime soda to see how fast each would turn brown.
1.MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. List the control
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
6. List at least 3 constants.
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1.MV Type of liquid on the apple.
2. RV How fast the apple turns brown.
3. Write a hypothesis Lemon juice will preserve the apple the best.
4. List the control Plain apple slices.
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC? NTC- One sample used NO liquid.
6. List at least 3 constants. Apples, (Note enough clearly defined constants.)
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
No set time to check the slices, Maybe not the same type of apple, What is brown?-no clearly defined standard, Not enough apple slices?, no set amount of liquid, no set time for dipping the apples in the liquid, different sized slices,
If you did an experiment to see how many drops of water you could get to stay on a penny with different brands of soap, what would be a natural NTC?
1.MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. List the control
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
6. List at least 3 constants.
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
P) Jenny worked with night crawlers to see how fast they decompose garbage in different amounts of acid so she used no acid, weak acid, medium acid, and strong acid in the garbage mix she put the worms into. She placed 25 worms in each group along with 10 pounds of soil and placed 1 pound of food scraps and 10 ml of water in each group each week.
1. MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis.
4. Control
5. Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
6. Constants (3)
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1. MV amount of acid
2. RV how fast they decompose garbage
3. Write a hypothesis.
4. Control-No acid
5. Is the control an ESC or a NTC? NTC
6. Constants (3) Acid, amount of water, worms, food scraps, 10 pounds of soil
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment? Worms could die, worms could be different sizes, different food scraps, could be different soils, could be different acids
Q) Shelly investigated how well different kinds of soap would make oil and water mix. She put 240 ml of water and 5 ml of salad oil in a zip lock bag, and shook the bag 30 times in 5 seconds. She recorded the amount and size of the oil drops. Next she used 240 ml of the water, and 5 ml of the oil plus 5 drops of dish washing soap and recorded the amount and size of the oil drops. then she tested laundry detergent, shampoo, and liquid hand soap in the same manner.
Identify – Describe the:
1. MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
5. Control
6. Constants (3)
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
ANSWERS BELOW
MV Type of soap.(Detergent)
RV The amount and size of the oil drops.
Write a hypothesis
Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
NTC - One group does NOT have any soap.
Control
The one without any soap.
Constants (3)
Amount of water, amount of salad oil, zip lock bag, # of shakes, amount of time.
What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
The size of the soap drop, are the shakes the same, NOT enough trials, Do the bubbles stay in the same place/what is the scale?
R) Fred places 5 grams of each of the following samples on the carpet and lets them dry to form stains: Ketchup, BBQ sauce, Mustard, Grape Juice, and Fingernail polish. He also mixes 20 ml of water and 2 ml of each of the following cleaners(Zout, Oxyclean, Resolve, Windex, Distilled water.) and stirs the sample for 5 minutes. After letting these stains dry forotwo days, he pours one of the mixtures on each of the types of stains. After letting the cleaner soak 30 seconds, he scrubs for 2 minutes, rinses with water, and records the amount of stain left in the carpet.
Identify – Describe the:
1. MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. Control
5. Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
6. Constants (3)
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
1.MV-Type of cleaner and Type of stain.
2.RV-Amount of stain left.
3.Write a hypothesis-Zout will clean the stains the best.
4.Control-The original dried stain or the distilled water.
5.Is the control an ESC or a NTC? NTC- can do this without cleaners.
6.Constants (3)=Scrubs for 2 min., same carpet, same soak time, same drying time,
7.What could be a design flaw of this experiment? Two variables, stain resistant carpet, Same carpet?, might not scrub as hard on each sample.
S) Larry adds 10 Kg, 20 Kg, 30 Kg and 40 Kg of fertilizers/acre to the oats. There are 10 acres oats planted for each plot. At harvest time the bushels for each plot are weighed.
1. MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. Control
5. Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
6. Constants (3)
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
MVThe amount of fertilizer.
RVThe weight of the oats produced.
Write a hypothesis. Oats with the most fertilizer will have the greatest weight.
Control(Any, but it really should be no fertilizer.)
Is the control an ESC or a NTC?ESC because there is no a sample with not fertilizer. (It should be NTC, because there could be a sample with no fertilizer!)
Constants (3)Oats, same plot, same season,
What could be a design flaw of this experiment?Same oats?, soil variation, harvested a different times.
soil
U) Mary worked with bread molds to see if the color of plastic wrap affected the time it took for the bread to mold. She used clear, red, yellow, purple, and blue plastic wrap. All the plastics were the same brand and the bread came from the same loaf.
1. MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. Title
5. Control
6. Is the control an ESC or a NTC?
7. Constants (3)
8. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
V)Toby did an experiment to see how many drops of water he could get to stay on a penny with different brands of soap. The different trials included: Water only, Dawn, Ivory, Palmolive, and Joy. He obtained five identical red Solo cups and placed 20 ml of water in each. Toby added 2 drops of each soap into the designated cup. He stirred each mixture for one minute. Finally, he used an eye dropper to draw up the mixture and add each sample onto its own penny.
1.MV
2. RV
3. Write a hypothesis
4. List the control
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?
6. List at least 3 constants.
7. What could be a design flaw of this experiment?
Answers
1.MV is the brand of soap.
2. RV is number of water drops on the penny.
3. Water without soap will hold the most drops.
4. The control is water only.
5. Is the control type an ESC or a NTC?NTC, because one of the trials does not have any soap.
6. List at least 3 constants.
red Solo cups
20 ml of water in each
2 drops of each soap into the designated cup Stirred each mixture for one minute.
Counted the drops
Used a penny.
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