Notes 7

Medical Terminology Chap 7 notes

Main idea: the organs and structures of the respiratory system are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged to and from cells of the body through the cardiovascular system. The lungs bring oxygen-rich air and exhale carbon dioxide as well.

• • Upper Respiratory tract

Cilia-Tiny hairs that  

Nasal cavity-Area where air is ______________, ______________and ______________ as it enters the body.

Nasal Septum-Cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into

Olfactory Neurons-

*Since these neurons are higher in the nasal passage,  

*Pharynx(throat) divided into 3 sections: ______________ -(Anterior to the nose), ______________ -(Anterior to the mouth),  laryngopharynx-(Superior to the larynx)

The  ______________  is a collection of lymphatic tissue.=Adnoids(______________  tonsils), Palatine tonsils

______________ (Voice box)-Contain structures that  

*short passage that joins the  

*The trachea is lined with  

Epiglottis= ______________  of tissue that  ______________  off the air passage to the lungs when

• • Lower Respiratory tract

Trachea divides into

Cilia line the trachea and bronchi which  

The cilia move these particles upward to the pharynx where they are coughed out, sneezed out, or swallowed.

Each bronchus divides into smaller branches, called

The  ______________  capillaries are adjacent to the membranes of the  ______________  .

Right lung divided into 3 lobes and left into 2 lobes

______________   –  ______________   between lungs containing heart and other organs

______________  –  ______________    ______________   that envelops the lobes of the lungs and lines the walls of

______________   pleural-Inner most membrane near the

______________   pleura-Outermost membrane that lines the  

______________  cavity-Area  ______________   the  ______________   layers.  A small amount of  

______________   – between  ______________  and  ______________  cavities, changes volume of thoracic cavity to allow body to  

*Assisted by  

Inspiration-Air fills the lungs.

Expiration-Air leaves the lungs.

Respiration(4 separate processes)

• 1. ______________  (breathing) – involuntary/voluntary

     1.  

  2. ______________     ______________   – exchange between O2 and CO2 between

• 1. ______________  of  _____   _____     ____  through cardiovascular system

• 1. ______________     ______________   – exchange of CO2 and O2 between  

Pathology – symptoms for respiratory disorders include cough, chest pain, altered

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pulmonology-Medical specialist concerned with medical 

Pulmonologist-Physician who ______________   ______________system disorders.

1Asthma-spasms of the bronchial passage(______________) and violent(______________l) caused by

*Stress,

Treatments include ______________ (break down mucus) and ______________ (open up the bronchi).

Statusasthmaticus-condition in which a patients’s bronchospasms 

2.Chonic Bonchitis-______________   of the ______________caused usually by

*Usually treated with bronchodialators and

*______________ may be needed in later stages.

3. ______________-Characterized by a decrease in 

*The alveoli expand(______________) but 

Emphysema sufferers often find it easier to breathe when sitting or standing(______________)

Influenza(flu)-Acute infectious respiratory

Influenza A-Commonly world-wide(pandemic) and extremely pathogenic(virulent)

*1918 swine flu killed 20-40 million world wide.

Influenza B-Limited geographically and  

Influenza C- ______________flue and usually  

*symptoms are fever, chills, headache, generalized  

*Avoid  ______________ in children 2-15 or it may cause  

5.Pleural EffusionsAny abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity(ascites)

*

• 1. ______________-Pus in plural space.

     1.  

  2. ______________-serum in plural space.

• 1. ______________-Blood in plural space.

*Thoracocentesis(Thoracentesis)- ______________of excess  ______________from plural cavity with

* ______________-Listening to the sounds of the chest cavity with a

* ______________-Gently  ______________the chest with the finger to determine the  _______, ___________ or consistency of objects in the thoracic cavity.

6.Tuberculosis (TB)-A highly  ______________ respiratory disease spread by droplets of respiratory

*The  ______________coat on the organism allows them to remain  

* ______________tuberculosis- ______________time the organism enters the body.  *

Tubercles(______________) eventually form, but stay  ______________ for years.

The disease becomes fully blown when the bacterium is  ______________ or the  ______________system becomes  

*In addition to the lungs, TB may infect  

* ______________    ______________   ______________ in AIDS patients use several antibiotics.(

7.Pneumonia- ______________disease of the lungs.

*May be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals and other agents.  Pneumonia is primarily

A) ______________ pneumonia-Results from food or liquid  

B) ______________ pneumonia-Only affects  

C) ______________ pneumonia- ______________ in the lungs.

*Hemoptysis-

______________-Solidification of the lungs due to pathological engorgement.

D)Pneumocystis carniipneumonia(PCP)-Type of pneumonia associated with AIDS.

Normal flora(Fungus that is found in normal lungs), becomes  ______________ (opportunistic) when the  

*Diagnosis through  ______________ (bronchial washing) or  

8.Cystic Fibrosis- a  ______________disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick (viscous) ______________ that clogs  

 In the lungs the mucus blocks airways and impedes natural infection- fighting mechanisms. *The immune system eventually  

______________medications in  ______________form and postural drainage provides relief.

______________     ______________- analysis of sweat that shows high levels of  ______________ indicate cystic fibrosis. (life expectancy is about  

9.Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)-Results when the  ______________collapse and inhalation becomes extremely difficult.  *P ______________production is impaired or absent therefore the surfactants do not allow compliance.

* ______________- substance that allow lung expansion

* ______________-normal lung expansion .

A)Infant respiratory distress syndrome- IRDS- common in

B) HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD)- radiography shows membrane that

Clinical symptoms of RDS are cyanosis (______________), tachypnea (______________breathing)

Nares (______________ nostrils),  

C)Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)-Impairment of surfactant production or exposure to

*Inhalation of  

Oncology

______________carcinoma-(primary pulmonary cancer)-Most common form of lung cancer.

*Commonly associated with  

Basal cells-The cells at the base of the epithelium repeatedly divide until the entire epithelium is involved.

*This form of cancer  ______________ very quickly to the