Embedded Files
Introduction
Introduction
Hardware includes Motherboard, Processor, RAM, peripheral devices(Hard-disk, Optical Disk, display, USB). Model name, manufacturer names are needed to perform any upgrade/replace activity. For example, before purchasing DDR3 1333MHZ RAM, we should know if motherboard supports this.
Following info may be needed any any time
Which motherboard
Which Processor
How much RAM is supported by motherboard
How to find hardware detail
How to find hardware detail
By opening hardware and seeing its label
By opening hardware and seeing its label
Its possible for desktop. But for laptop, it is difficult.
Watching BIOS bootup logs
Watching BIOS bootup logs
It provide name of motherboard, supported RAM type. It is good for having overview. We can perform google search using this info
Linux lshw command
Linux lshw command
This command provides detail info about each hardware. Sample output is as below.
Sample output of lshw
~$ sudo lshw
description: Desktop Computer
product: GA-MA74GMT-S2 ()
vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop uuid=31433646-3635-3542-3730-4536FFFFFFFF
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: GA-MA74GMT-S2
vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: Award Software International, Inc.
physical id: 0
version: F10
date: 08/31/2010
size: 128KiB
capacity: 960KiB
capabilities: isa pci pnp apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb agp ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 945 Processor
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 4
bus info: cpu@0
version: AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 945 Processor
slot: Socket M2
size: 800MHz
capacity: 3200MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 200MHz
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save vmmcall cpufreq
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: a
slot: Internal Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-cache:1
description: L3 cache
physical id: c
slot: External Cache
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: b
slot: Internal Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 24
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 6GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) [empty]
physical id: 0
slot: A0
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) [empty]
physical id: 1
slot: A1
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
physical id: 2
slot: A2
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
physical id: 3
slot: A3
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-pci:0
description: Host bridge
product: RS690 Host Bridge
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
configuration: latency=32
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx)
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 1
bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pci ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
resources: ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:fde00000-fdffffff ioport:d8000000(size=134217728)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: RS740 [Radeon 2100]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 5
bus info: pci@0000:01:05.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=radeon latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:d8000000-dfffffff memory:fdff0000-fdffffff ioport:ee00(size=256) memory:fde00000-fdefffff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2)
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 6
bus info: pci@0000:00:06.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:40 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:fdd00000-fddfffff ioport:fda00000(size=1048576)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 06
serial: 1c:6f:65:5b:70:e6
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw ip=192.168.0.8 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s
resources: irq:41 ioport:de00(size=256) memory:fdaff000-fdafffff memory:fdaf8000-fdafbfff
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 SATA Controller [IDE mode]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 11
bus info: pci@0000:00:11.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=32
resources: irq:22 ioport:ff00(size=8) ioport:fe00(size=4) ioport:fd00(size=8) ioport:fc00(size=4) ioport:fb00(size=16) memory:fe02f000-fe02f3ff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 12
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe02e000-fe02efff
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0 USB OHCI1 Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 12.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe02d000-fe02dfff
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 12.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:17 memory:fe02c000-fe02c0ff
*-usb:3
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 13
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe02b000-fe02bfff
*-usb:4
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0 USB OHCI1 Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 13.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe02a000-fe02afff
*-usb:5
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 13.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:19 memory:fe029000-fe0290ff
*-serial
description: SMBus
product: SBx00 SMBus Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 3c
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ht cap_list
configuration: driver=piix4_smbus latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-ide
description: IDE interface
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 IDE Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ide msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pata_atiixp latency=32
resources: irq:16 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:fa00(size=16)
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA)
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.2
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe024000-fe027fff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 LPC host controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master vga_palette
resources: ioport:c000(size=4096) memory:fdc00000-fdcfffff memory:fdb00000-fdbfffff
*-usb:6
description: USB controller
product: SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI2 Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 14.5
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.5
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe028000-fe028fff
*-pci:1
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor HyperTransport Configuration
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 101
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:2
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Address Map
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 102
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:3
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 103
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:4
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Miscellaneous Control
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 104
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=k10temp
resources: irq:0
*-pci:5
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Link Control
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 105
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-scsi:0
physical id: 1
logical name: scsi2
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST3500418AS
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: CC38
serial: 9VMP1P5X
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000aff6d
*-volume:0
description: Windows NTFS volume
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
version: 3.1
serial: a2105de3-6377-114b-b6ec-826babd5bb63
size: 19GiB
capacity: 19GiB
capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2012-08-13 04:02:51 filesystem=ntfs state=clean
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
size: 193GiB
capacity: 193GiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: HPFS/NTFS partition
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sda5
capacity: 106GiB
*-volume:2
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sda3
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 3fc9179d-27a1-429e-adb2-8aa563ed90ce
size: 249GiB
capacity: 249GiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2012-08-18 13:25:57 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2016-01-26 04:59:54 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2016-01-26 04:59:54 state=mounted
*-volume:3
description: Linux swap volume
physical id: 4
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,4
logical name: /dev/sda4
version: 1
serial: bf221bed-6479-4bb2-8d01-0d0360340997
size: 3815MiB
capacity: 3815MiB
capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized
configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096
*-scsi:1
physical id: 2
logical name: scsi5
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVD RW DRU-870S
vendor: SONY
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@5:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: 1.61
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=ready
*-medium
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
How to know maximum RAM capacity
How to know maximum RAM capacity
RAM capacity depends on
Motherboard max RAM capacity
Use Motherboard manual
OS max RAM capacity
Use OS manual
Reference
Reference
http://www.wikihow.com/Find-Out-the-Maximum-RAM-Capacity-for-Your-Computer
http://linux.die.net/man/1/lshw
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