IT interview questions list

Create website at below

https://linktr.ee/drdewett

Google interview tips

https://satakshigarg.medium.com/after-i-failed-my-google-step-interview-48dabe2446da

Model Linkedin Profile

https://www.linkedin.com/in/dheerajpatta/

TODO:

https://amazoninterviewwhizzacademy.com/p/customer-obsession-leadership-principle-masterclass

https://in.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-use-the-star-interview-response-technique [Interviewers in general look for those who can use the STAR method, Situation, Task, Action, and Result. The star method is a way of answering behavioral questions in an interview. Briefly explain the situation, task required, the action you took, and what the result of that action was.]

Mistakes learned

1. Don't try to change timing

2. Don't repeat your ask for offer

Preparation

Cloud native

1. Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ

Non technical question

Scrum work

Architect needs to look after scrums multiple sprints ahead... to identify blockers early

1 hour block per day helps team morale

• Tell about project which is most memorable for you

  • CPX-CIC

• Tell me the situation where you influenced the decision

  • DRM

• Architect has to earn respect. Tell how you are doing it

  • CIC

• Tell about yourself in a line

  • People see me as person with consistent, committed and focussed on qualiity

• Tell about challenging project

  • Ingress controller

    • Statelessness

    • Scale

    • Resiliency

  • Feature extraction

    • Streaming processing

    • Multi-thread

    • Optimization

  • CPX

    • Monolith to microservice

• Tell about the biggest challenge you faced

  • Mention about creating high performing team

  • Mention about negotiation with management about time-line vs quality

• Tell about yourselves

  • Resist urge to tell your resume line by line

  • Use Job description to answer this

    • Technical acumen

      • Kubernetes, security, ML, Cloud, L2-L7, server/client programming, various language

      • Problem solver

      • 
        

    • Servant leadership

      • Experience with variety of culture

    • Reason of interest

      • My expertise on multiple area can be used here

      • Opportunity to interact with multiple stakeholders

      • Nice option for problem solving

Pitching

I am 16 years + experience

I am right now doing work of architect with hands-on coding

I am right now involved with Kubernetes scale project and Machine learning project. I am driving these projects. Driving means architecture, design, delivery, coding, leading team technically, stakeholder management.

• What is your greatest strength?

  • Mention relevant and specific mention

    • Critical analysis capability has been appreciated

    • Creating meaningful connection. People see me as significant team player

    • At career start, got a challenging project which was finally come up great. We had own second project based on the win of 1st project. Samsung had booth for this product in the worlds consumer electronics trade show as well

    • Recently got chance to work on Citrix cloud native project. It had interesting story. This project resulted in a new product known as CIC. However, initially when i was invited, it was not meant to be a product. Its only scope was to help sales engineer create demo setup easily

    • I got chance to manage team. I used innovative approach in sprint management for which I was appreciated by the Citrix Talent education team

    • Recently for Log4j, based security crisis, I was instrumental for handling customers interest. I was recognised by Citrix leadership for the same.

• What is your greatest weakness?

  • Memorizing

    • To handle it, I keep notes

• Why should we hire you?

  • Mention your 3-4 qualifications which applies

    • Critical analysis capability has been appreciated

    • Proven record of tech leadership

    • Proven record of multiple products delivery from scratch

  • Share a success story

    • A lot of project from inception. There are lot many uncertainties. I brought project at success defeating these odds

    • My colleague talks about lot about my committment, team-player, technical excellence

    • Leaders talk about my professionalism and collaboration skill

  • Why are you culturing fit?

    • How are you aligned to company vision?

• Why do you want to work here?

  • Never tell I want

  • Mention how company need can be achieved with my help

    • Talk about company vision

    • Tell how you can help to achieve

  • Keep eye contact

  • Tell your personal ambition

    • Add your career goal

• What would your co-workers say about you?

  • Try to frame answer in context of Job description

  • Review linkedin recommendation you received and get key points

    • Critical analysis capability has been appreciated

    • I keep everyone in team motivated

    • I am called to easy to go person

    • I am called as the person who can jump-in and help in any part of project (not for manager)

• Why do you want to leave your current role?

  • Purpose is know if you are trying to go away from something

  • Speak positively. Never tell anything negative

  • Eager to find new opportunity and role for my career growth

  • Based on JD, mention how my current skill can be used for new role

    • Be specific

• What is your salary expectation?

  • Never give any specific number

  • Do research on salary range for your current role

    • LinkedIn salary tool

• Tell me time when you were successful on a team

  • There was time when a previous project failed and team was on low motivation

  • At that time a challenging project came to manager and he was thinking what to do

  • He called me and asked my interest. I took it

  • I did lead by example, which slowly brought confidence on the team.

  • This project got successful and product was demoed in the worlds greatest consumer electronics trade show

• Tell me about a time when you made a mistake

  • Being from the Indian Stastical Institute, I was asked for explaining elliptic curve cryptography

  • I eagerly took it

  • Later audience felt I realised that this concept needs lot of mathematics which they might not be aware of

  • I set the expectation to all about this and then delivered the lecture

• Tell me about the time when you worked with a difficult person

  • My boss assigned a big project to me. I need to own the team as well as interact with multiple team members

  • One of the team member proactively start in stand-up as first person and then continue with his technical discussion without keeping in mind the other's turn

  • This lead the standup to go beyond 15 mins ..

  • I keep on mentioning various sprint best practices in this meeting without naming him. It includes other best practices as well. Eventually he could do the needful

• Tell me about a time when you persuaded someone to change his opinion

  • I see one person was native speaker and so, don't like to speak

  • I talked him personally and observed that he is not confident in communication

  • To handle it, i have causal talks with him which boost-up his sprit and changed his opinion

  • For PDRM, used C language and with the right design, it worked do it right in first time

    • Previously, team lead used C since it was most comfortable for them, but project got scrapped due to lot many issue

    • After seeing this, team lead valued the design advantage

• Tell me about a time when you had to handle pressure

  • Key is to tell story

    • Describe the Situation

    • Describe the steps you took

    • Describe the result

    • Key mile stone

      • Use words like "I implemented", "I persuaded"

  • Go with what customer want instead of what competitor offers

• Tell me something about you which is not mentioned in your CV

  • A person recognized as doing systematic analysis

  • A person recognized as keeping eye on quality always

  • A person recognized to execute leadership with balance between empathy and project ask

• What you do everyday which you like

  • Learning data science

  • In free time, using data to do something

  • Enhancing communication skill

• Why you like to join

• Learning opportunity and letting see that it is applied what I do

Technical

Algorithm

Areas

• Array,

• linked list,

• string,

• binary tree

• Hash table

Algorithmatic Questions

• Shortest path from a node to another node in weighted graph

  • Dijkstra's algorithm

• Sliding Window Maximum (Maximum of all subarrays of size k)

  • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sliding-window-maximum-maximum-of-all-subarrays-of-size-k/

• Given an array of number, create a new array which contains the next higher number in the same index the number has

  • Asked to my friend in Microsoft interview

• Verify if 9*9 matrix is a valid Suduko

  • Asked to my friend in Microsoft interview

• Identify middle node of a linked list and then reverse the first halve

  • Asked to my friend in Pulse secure interview

• Time complexity of building a heap

  • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/time-complexity-of-building-a-heap/

• Count number of BSTs in a given Binary tree

  • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-the-number-of-binary-search-trees-present-in-a-binary-tree/

• Total number of possible Binary Search Trees and Binary Trees with n keys

  • Refer https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/total-number-of-possible-binary-search-trees-with-n-keys/

• Total number of structurally unique BSTs with n keys

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIc0mHgHUww

• Given set of coins, find all combinations which can result in a sum N.

  • https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/problems/reach-a-given-score-1587115621/1/?category[]=Dynamic%20Programming&category[]=Dynamic%20Programming&page=1&query=category[]Dynamic%20Programmingpage1category[]Dynamic%20Programming#

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L27_JpN6Z1Q

• Find minimum number of coins that make a given value

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2eoCvk59Rc

• Length of the longest substring without repeating characters

  • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/length-of-the-longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/

  • Median of two sorted arrays of different size

    • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/median-of-two-sorted-arrays-of-different-sizes/

  • Regular expression matching

    • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-wildcard-pattern-matching-linear-time-constant-space/

• Check if a number is Palindrome

  • • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-if-a-number-is-palindrome/

• Write the most efficient algorithm to find square/square root of a number.

• Write the most efficient algorithm to find if a number is prime or not.

• At Bit level, how will you find if a number is a power of 2 or not.

• Swap two numbers using XOR

• http://placementsindia.blogspot.in/2007/09/google-top-interview-puzzles.html. Answer to few questions are at http://placementsindia.blogspot.in/2007/12/solutions-to-few-google-top-interview.html

• Which parameters should be considered while deciding for a suitable sorting algorithm

  • • Size of data(in-memory/file/streaming), expected ordering of values, available memory, purpose of sorting

  • Given a positive integer N, count all possible distinct binary strings of length N such that there are no consecutive 1’s.

    • Examples:

    • Input: N = 2 Output: 3 // The 3 strings are 00, 01, 10 Input: N = 3 Output: 5 // The 5 strings are 000, 001, 010, 100, 101

• Given a binary tree, print boundary nodes of the binary tree Anti-Clockwise starting from the root. For example, boundary traversal of the following tree is “20 8 4 10 14 25 22″

• Given a binary tree, print it vertically. The following example illustrates vertical order traversal.

1 / \ 2 3 / \ / \ 4 5 6 7 \ \ 8 9 The output of print this tree vertically will be: 4 2 1 5 6 3 8 7 9

• Find a missing number in arithmetic progression

Hint : binary search, use sum and subtract

Calculate power of n

• Given a circular linked list. Find the longest sequence of numbers, where a sequence starts with any number, for example 3, and ends when you see that number again,another 3.

Imagine the circular linked list

3 8 9 7 2 1 3 4 6 [3] same as first element .i.e three.

The longest sequence would be 3 8 9 7 2 1 , the other candidate being 3 4 6

Count all possible paths from top left to bottom right of a mXn matrix

Hint - Use recursion and DP

• Find first non-repeated number in the unsorted array

• Find neighbor of each node in a binary tree. ,

• A

• / \

• B C

• / \ \

• D E F

• Based on above tree,

• Node: Neighbor

• A: NULL

• B: C

• D: E

• E: F

• Given an array of stock values of a company. Find out the time when a user would have bought the stock and sold the sock. Basically find the maximum positive difference of any two given elements in an array?

  • Hint: store minimum, when moving from left to right or store maximum when moving from right to left

  • Given a binary tree print it in inward spiral order i.e first print level 1, then level n, then level 2, then n-1 and so on.

  • For Ex -

  • 1

  • 2 3

  • 4 5 6 7

  • 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

  • Print- 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 2 3 7 6 5 4

  • Follow up question - Extend the algorithm to n-ary tree.

    • Two arrays given to you. First array contains number s. Second array contains key values.

    • We need to find smallest window in first array which covers all second array elements.

    • e.g:

    • Input= {6,7,1,3,2,4,5,2,3,1,2,5}

    • Keys = {2,5,1}

    • Design a data structure which could perform the following operations in O(1):

    • - Insert(), Delete(), Search(), getRandom()

    • getRandom() should pick a "random" element from your data structure, and should not be predictable (for instance always picking the "first" element from your DS

    • Hint: Hashtable + array

    • Find an algorithm to find a word ladder between 2 words by changing just one letter at a time. All the words formed should be valid dictionary words.

    • Eg.

    • FOOL ->POOL->POLL->POLE->PALE->SALE->SAGE

    • COLD → CORD → CARD → WARD → WARM

  • Construct dictionary as graph

• Check if a binary tree is subtree of another binary tree

  • use inorder and preorder traversal

• It deals with a knight piece on a chess board. You are given two inputs: starting location and ending location. The goal is to then calculate and print the shortest path that the knight can take to get to the target location.

  • Hint - Make graph and use Dijistra's algorithm

  • Detect cycle in a directed graph. Find cycle in undirected graph

    • Hint: use modified DFS with back edge

  • Design an engilsh dictionary. Tell about data structures to be used. Provide APIs.

    • Hint - prefix tree

Cryptography/security

• Why key generation was separate step in IPSEC instead of putting as part of IPSEC

• proxy versus firewall

• How HMAC works

• Describe ssl protocol. When asymetric key is used and when symmetric key is used?

  • Advantage of asymetric key and symmetric key cryptography

  • Describe certificate chain validation approach

  • Describe how web proxy handles ssl traffic. From where, server will get certificate of url which client is accessing?

  • How malloc can cause buffer overflow

Design

• Design an http server from scratch.

• Design memory management library similar to malloc/free. In this design, how to handle memory corruption?

  • Design vi editor and identify components

    • Hint - find different components

  • Design a security solution to filter unwanted domain names. For example, admin will create a policy to disallow https traffic to https://www.facebook.com . Can DNS blocking will serve the purpose?

    • Hint - DNS blocking will not work (/etc/host). Need to see ssl client hello which carries domain name and filter based on this

Linux

• What are differences between binary semaphore and mutex

• In mutex, same thread will unlock. In binary semaphore, one thread will wait and other thread can send signal to unblock thread. So, binary semaphore is suitable for producer -consumer problem.

• What is the use of ptrace system call?

• Epoll versus select system call

  • Socket programming steps in server side and client side

  • Design Multiple reader, one writer while concurrent reads are allowed. However, read-write together is not allowed

  • What is "Copy on write" in linux?

  • How the signal handling works in linux? Is it using interrupts? If not, what actually is used?

  • After fork(), if we print a global variable address, will the output will be same for parent and child processes? Give the reason.

Networking

• Explain what happens when you type google.com in a web browser. Include http, TCP, IP, ethernet packet processing as well.

Programming

• What are various storage classifiers and quantifiers in C.

• What is call by value, call by reference in C language.

• Is it possible to create shared library which defines C++ container class?

No. Function signature depends on T type. For example, T type can be int, char as per usage. So, it is not possible to define it in shared library.

• • How to make generic sorting c function which accepts any datatype.

  • How to modify C++ object such that it calls different function then actual virtual function.

  • Boost thread library.

  • Is it possible to inherit C++ STL container classes?

  • Write a program for mobile phonebook in C++. Provide functionality to search by name and by phone number. A person should be allowed to store multiple numbers. Which boost/STL library will help in this?

  • Write a macro to get offset of an structure

    • Hint - https://www.careercup.com/question?id=58178

  • Create a template C++ linked list class which can handle data types including user defined class. What methods user defined classes should take care of

    • Hint : assignment operator, comparison operator, destructor.

RTOS

• When evaluating different RTOS, what matrices should be considered?

• Difference between VxWorks and Linux

OS

• What is a semaphore? Explain in detail.

• What is an interrupt. How does a processor handle an interrupt?

• What is the exact role of Memory Management Unit?

• Different between mutex and semaphore

• Difference between fork and exec

Behavioural

1. You are Intel’s representative for India and you are about to board a flight to US for a very very important billion dollar deal. But at the airport you are asked for a bribe of Rs500/- . Will you give the bribe or not?

2. Why you want change?

Project management

• You have estimated project delivery as 2 years, however later you see that it has gone to 3 years. What you will do?

• 
  

Puzzles

http://geeksquiz.com/category/articles/puzzle/

Machine learning based questions

• https://github.com/zhiqiangzhongddu/Data-Science-Interview-Questions-and-Answers-General-

• Vanishing gradient problem, exploding gradient problem (interview question)

• https://towardsdatascience.com/six-ways-to-get-more-exposure-as-an-aspiring-data-scientist-46a9e95c90ac

Machine learning resources

• https://ineuron.ai/ -> Machine learning courses

• https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS229 -> Andrew NG course[done]

• https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS229/47 -> Andrew NG

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106046/ -> ISI Murthy sir course [done]

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106224/ -> Computer vision

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/101/110101145/

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106226/ -> AI searching algorithm

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105032/ -> Image processing

• https://www.coursera.org/specializations/deep-learning?utm_source=deeplearningai&utm_medium=institutions&utm_campaign=WebsiteCoursesDLSTopButton -> Andrew Ng 5 courses paid (recommended by Abhinav)

• https://www.amazon.in/Hands-Machine-Learning-Scikit-Learn-TensorFlow/dp/1491962291 -> Machine learning book [under progress]

• ML coding basic needs

  • https://mlblr.com/includes/python/index.html#who-is-this-guide-for

• (Ref: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/bhuvnesh-sharma94_91-data-science-interview-questions-activity-6769119388642676736-XcQf)

➤ Best Data Science E-Books

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➤ Best Data Science Resources

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➤ Best Machine Learning Resources

https://lnkd.in/exGdafF

➤ Best SQL Resources

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➤ Best Python Resources

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➤ Best Data Science Books

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Machine Learning Algorithms Explained

Link: https://lnkd.in/ej3k2G4

Kubernetes questions

• • How container is implemented in Linux?

Reference

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/microsoft-msit-interview-experience-set-85-campus/

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/boundary-traversal-of-binary-tree/

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/print-binary-tree-vertical-order-set-2/

http://www.careercup.com/page?pid=amazon-interview-questions

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-possible-paths-top-left-bottom-right-nxm-matrix/

http://www.careercup.com/question?id=5668779289739264

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-if-a-binary-tree-is-subtree-of-another-binary-tree/

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2339101/knights-shortest-path-chess-question

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/detect-cycle-in-a-graph/

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/detect-cycle-undirected-graph/

https://hackernoon.com/50-data-structure-and-algorithms-interview-questions-for-programmers-b4b1ac61f5b0

Personal experience