46th Regiment - Regiment of Foot

An infantry regiment of the British Army formed in 1741, the 46th Regiment (46th Foot 1st Battalion / 46th Foot 2nd Battalion), received the numeric designation in 1751 and was amalgamated into the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry in 1881.

After fourteen years' home service the 46th went out to America and suffered heavy loss in the battle at Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain on 3 July, 1756. They participated in the expedition sent against Fort Niagara, simultaneously with Wolfe's attack on Quebec, and in many other actions ending in the fall of Montreal and the conquest of the Canada's. Thereafter the 46th, went to the West Indies, and served at the capture of Martinique in 1761 and the conquest of Havana in 1762. With the reinforcements for General Howe, the 46th went from Ireland to America, in 1776, and saw service in the earlier campaigns of the War of Independence. They were involved at Charleston (1776) and Philadelphia (1777), Brooklyn and Brandywine.

Leaving its light company behind in America, the 46th went from New York to the West Indies in November 1778, and was present at the capture of St. Lucia. "The 46th having been most reduced in numbers during the arduous services in the West Indies, the head-quarters embarked onboard the "Earl" transport, on the 13th November 1811, for England, and arrived at Liverpool on the 13th of December, from whence they marched to Kingsbridge, in Devonshire...Four companies of the regiment, about two hundred strong, continued to serve in the West Indies after the departure of the head-quarters.*"

1812 - 1814 - "In June 1812, the four companies from the West Indies, arrived in Plymouth aboard the "Shipley" transport ship and gathered at the island of Jersey.* refer Records of the War Office: https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728664549/findingaid#nla-obj-728696397

"On the 16th June they moved to Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, and then onto Sandown barracks where the regiment remained until August 1813 when under orders they proceeded to New South Wales on 23 August 1813, on board the "Wyndham", "Three Bees" and "General Hewitt" transports. They were stationed at Hobart on Van Diemens Land with orders to suppress a gang of bushrangers.[21] They arrived at New South Wales in February, 1814 to replace the 73rd Regiment of Foot (1st Battalion Highlanders) in February 1814, and were relieved by the 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot in 1817.

46th. South Devonshire

The 46th Regiment saw service in Sydney, Newcastle, Parramatta and Van Diemens Land. It then sailed for Madras in September 1817[22] and, after a tour in India, returned to England in March 1833.[23]

Diggerhistory.info: "The 46th Regiment arrived in Australia to replace the 73rd Regiment 1st Battalion Highland in February 1814, which was then relieved by the 48th Foot The Northamptonshire Regiment in 1817.

• • 1813 - On the 11th of June 1813 the regiment sailed on board the transport "Preston" for Portsmouth. Following its arrival at Spithead, the Regiment received orders to proceed to Cowes in the Isle of Wight.

• 1814 - Tasmania, Australia; The regiment embarked on the 23rd of August 1813 on board the transports "Wyndham", "Three Bees" and "General Hewitt" , and arrived at New South Wales in February 1814.

Extract from "Michael Howe, The Last and Worst of the Bush-Rangers of Van Dieman's Land" by Thomas E. Wells

• • "..after wandering several days in the woods they applied to a settler near Kangaroo Point, to procure them a boat for the purpose of proceeding to Bass's Straits; for which they promised the reward of a watch. The settler pretended to come into their views and left them with the assurance of going in search of the boat, but he privately repaired to Hobart Town and informed the Lieut. Governor of their intentions. A party of the 46th Regt. was immediately despatched who surrounded the place of their concealment and captured both. Burne was the most aged of the gang and was severely wounded in endeavouring to escape from the party. They were brought before a General Court Martial, charged with being two of the banditti who murdered the unfortunate Carlisle, were convicted and received a sentence of death. They were accordingly executed and their bodies gibbeted on Hunter's Island, near to that of Whitehead, their leader when that murder was committed."

• 1815 - Sergeant Robert Broadfoot, served with distinction in command of a small force against the bushrangers of Van Diemen's Land in 1815 and in command of a small force against the aborigines in New South Wales in 1816.

  • • "In May 1815, Serjeant Robert Broadfoot and six privates were sent from the detachment of the regiment stationed in Hobart, Van Diemen's land, and, into the interior of the colony, in order to suppress a gang of bush-rangers, which infested that settlement, and had by their atrocious deeds become the terror of the inhabitants. The party succeeded in taking two of the principals named Maguire and Burne (refer to Richard Maguire and Hugh Burne), who were tried and executed. The serjeant and his party received the sum of one hundred pound sterling and the thanks of Lieut-Governor Davey for their conduct on the occasion"*.

Governor Macquarie Archive for 1817 master G F Somerville sailed from Cork to Sydney arrived August 3, 1817 with a detachment of the 48th Regiment plus Headquarters Division aboard the Matilda - total of 480 NCOs and troops under Lt Col James Erskins, 83 women and 58 children, other merchandise via Madeira and Rio de Janeiro with soldiers, women and children on board.

Lieutenant Colonel James Erskine replaced Colonel George J Molle as the Lieutenant Governor of the Territory.

• • Thomas Marlow, it seems may have been in New South Wales, Australia recorded as Thomas Mahler (source: The British Army in Australia. Index of Personnel. Volume 1: 1788-1820 by James Hugh Donohoe. 1993. War Office Musters on Microfilm), and with the 46th. Regiment, however, it has not been confirmed that this is the same person referenced elsewhere on this site. It is probable he is the same person and he would have been a drummer aged 16-18 and continued onto India.

...^{(From the time of the first official white settlement of the Derwent at Risdon Cove in 1803, there was concern over the possibility of attack by sea. By 1836, it was thought that mutually supporting batteries on both sides of the Derwent could turn Hobart Town into a fortress. Kangaroo Point, with its steep bluff, was an ideal site located on the eastern shore)...}

8th of September 1817:- India:- The 46th Regiment departed New South Wales for Madras. Following the Regiments Service in New South Wales and on the 8th of September 1817 the Regiment embarked in three divisions at Sydney Cove on board the "Matilda", "Lloyd" and "Dick" and arrived at Madras on the 16th of December 1817:

See also this site page:-KAPJT storys

• • On 8th September 1817, the regiment was embarked in three divisions at Sydney Cove on board the "Matilda", "Lloyd", and "Dick" transports and began arriving in Madras, on the 16th December following.

  • Lieutenant George Molle and a detachment from the 1st. Division of the 46th Regiment travelled on the transport ship "Matilda" departing NSW on Weds. 24th.Sept. 1817.

  • The "Lloyds" transport under Capt. Mc.Pherson with the 2nd Division of the 46th. Regiment sailed on Friday 26. September from Port Jackson for Madras.

  • The third ship "Dick" sailed early October with the 10th Division.

  • On the 29th of the month (Dec.) the regiment marched for Vellore"*.

• 1818 - "The regiment arrived in Vellore on the 8th of January, 1818, and on the 26th of September following proceeded from thence en route to the Presidency of Madras, and arrived at Fort George on the 12th of October. (1818)

• The Third Maratha Wars was in the final stage and had occurred outside the Madras Presidency.

• 1820 - "On the 1st of July, 1820, the regiment commenced it's march from Fort George for Bellary, in the Ceded Districts, and arrived at that station on the 10th of August, (1820) following.

  • Fort Saint George for Bellary. A detachment of the regiment, consisting of two captains , five lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, twenty Serjeants, four drummers , and four hundred rank and file, marched from Bellary, for Belgaum, on field service in the Doab, on the 1st of October, 1820, and arrived at its destination on the 23rd of that month. During the years 1821, 1822, and 1823, the head-quarters of the regiment continued to be stationed at Bellary.

1824 - On the 31st of October, 1824, a detachment of the (1824) regiment, consisting of one captain, four lieutenants, eight serjeants, nine corporals, two drummers, and a hundred and forty-four privates, under the command of Captain Charles Dawe, proceeded from Bellary towards the southern Mahratta country, and was joined on the 10th of November by a second detachment of the FORTY-SIXTH from Belgaum, under the command of Captain William Nairn, consisting of one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, five serjeants and one hundred rank and file. The remainder of the detachment from Belgaum ,under the commandof Major (Brevet-Lieut.Colonel) Thomas Willshire, joined the above, on the 2nd of December, before the Fort of Kittoor, which place was in a state of insurrection. The fort being reduced, the detachment from Belgaum returned to that station on (page 54) the 15th of December, leaving the detachment under Captain Dawe before Kittoor - the Seige of Kittoor:

Siege of Kittoor

Insurrection at Fort Kittoor in Karnatak, India

In September 1824, the "Desai" (ruler) of the kingdom of Kittur, died without an heir. Some of his household staff wanted to appoint a boy as successor, one of distant relations to the deceased, supposedly under instructions of the late ruler.

The Kittur territory formed part of the British Empire's Dharwad collectorate in the Bombay Presidency and automatically was under Mr. Chaplin was the commissioner, and Sir John Thackery, Principle Collector and Political Agent in the Southern Mahratta country.

Both men declined to recognise the heir, and applied a Doctrine of Lapse which declaration stated that native rulers were not allowed to adopt a child if they had no children of their own. The provocation was believed to be a plot to cheat the widow of her treasury. The Rani of Kittur, Chennamma tried to avoid war and negotiated first with Mr. Chaplin and then the Governor of Bombay Presidency but to no avail. Chennamma was compelled to declare war on the EIC forces.

Thackeray invaded Fort Kittur's gate and in the battle that ensued, hundreds of British soldiers were killed along with Thackeray. Chennamma continued to defend the Fort for twelve days while additional EIC forces were brought in from Mysore and Sholapur and surrounded Kittur. The overall campaign[i] resulted in hundreds of soldiers dead and another 200 hundred dying of cholera and a further 600 taken ill. The Rani was defeated (1824 CE) and taken prisoner and kept in the fort of Bailhongal for life.

Although Indian forces suffered a humiliating defeat, in modern times the Rani has become a champion representing an Indian woman and her fight for freedom and independence.

(Kittur Chennamma (23 October 1778 – 02 February 1829) was the Queen of Kittur, a princely state in Karnataka. She was one of the Indian female ruler to lead an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824 because of the effect of doctrine of lapse. The resistance ended with her arrest and she became a symbol of the independence movement in India. In the state of Karnataka, she is celebrated along with Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma and Onake Obavva, as the foremost women warriors and patriots. Chennamma was a member of the Lingayat sect.)

1825 - Cannanore, (Kannur), Kerala

• Kannur Cantonment (or Cannanore Cantonment the old English name), situated in Burnassery or Burnshire (the anglicized name). is a cantonment town situated 3 km from Kannur, a city in Kerala state, south India. The Cantonment was a military camp for Portuguese, Dutch and British rulers. It is the Headquarters of Defence Security Force now.

  • St. Angelo fort (Kannur Kotta) facing the Arabian Sea, . The Dutch captured the fort from the Portuguese in 1663. They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure.

  • The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

  • The Dutch sold the fort to king Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772.

  • In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station on the Malabar coast until 1947.

1826 - 1832 – Movements between Bellary and Cannanore to Secunderabad (1827) and remained in Secunderabad (5 years) 1829.

• Reference Wikipedia:- "Secunderabad (also spelled sometimes as Sikandar-a-bad) is the twin city of Hyderabad located in the Indian state of Telangana. Named after Sikandar Jah, the third Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynasty, Secunderabad was founded in 1806 as a Britishcantonment.

• Although Hyderabad and Secunderabad are together referred to as the twin cities, they have both different histories and cultures, with Secunderabad having developed directly under British rule until 1948 and Hyderabad as the capital of the Nizams' princely state of Hyderabad.

The 46th. Regiment remained in India until 1832 when the regiment returned home. After a few years at home the regiment went to Gibraltar and served in that garrison in the West Indies, in British Guiana, and in North America until 1848, when it returned to England. In 1881 the 46th became the 2nd Battalion of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry.

- General Order were issued permitting the soldiers to volunteer to other corps serving in India.

• • • 1832 - Masulipatam

    • 1834 - Canterbury to Ireland

    • 1834 - Weedon

    • 1835 - in Ireland - Newry, Belfast

    • 1836 - at Enniskillen. Dublin.

    • 1837 - 1839 - at Gibraltar

    • 1842 - at Barbadoes.

    • 1843 - at St. Vincent

    • 1845 - at Halifax. Nova Scotia. Montreal

    • 1846 - at Kingston, Jamaica.

    • 1847 - at Nova Scotia.

War office registers :

regimental description and succession books, including commissions, appointments, descriptions, returns of services, casualties, half pay, pensions, gratuities and etc.

Authors: Great Britain. War Office (Main Author)

Notes - Microfilm of original records at the Public Record Office, London.

Includes index. W.O. 25

Subjects: Great Britain - Military records - Army ^{England - Military records - Army Format: Manuscript (On Film) / Language English}

^{Publication: Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1971 / Physical: 202 microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Film Notes}

Note - Location [Film]

• 394 46th foot 1810-1815 - FHL BRITISH Film [ 856034 ]

• 395 46th Foot 1811-1820

• 396 46th Foot 1820-1825 - FHL BRITISH Film [ 856035 ]

• 397 46th Foot 1825-1830 - FHL BRITISH Film [ 856036 ]

• 398 46th Foot 1812-1856

• 399 46th Foot Depot 1813-1820 - FHL BRITISH Film [ 856037 ]

• 400 46th Foot Depot 1821-1828

• 401 46th Foot Depot 1828-1829

1848-1849 - The Second Sikh War.

• • 1848 - 1849 - in England - Dover, Liverpool, Chester

  • 1850 - at Hull

  • 1851 - at Preston

  • 1852 - at Manchester. Belfast.

  • 1853 - at Dublin. Kilkenny.

  • 1854 - in The Crimean War. Alma. Balaklava. Inkerman

  • 1855 - at Sebastopol - 9th September. British Army in the Crimea, July, 1855 included 4th Division (Bentinck), 2nd Bde (Garrett) 46th, 48th, 68th, 1st Bn Rifle Bde.

  • 1856 - at Corfu

  • 1858 - in India at Karachi

  • 1859 - in India at Mooltan.

46th. Regiment of Foot

The military enforcers of the East India Company in India, included the British 46th. Regiment of Foot (South Devonshire). The 46th regiment also served in Australia and America, and the Caribbean and were stationed in Australia from c.1812-1817 before serving under the East India Company, Madras Presidency.

Soldiers of the 46th regiment embarked at Sydney Cove, on the 8th of September 1817, in three divisions on board the "Matilda (iii) ," "Lloyd," and "Dick" transports, and arrived at Madras on the 16th December 1817. On the 29th December, the regiment marched for Vellore, a city and the administrative headquarters of Vellore District in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. (Source: Wikipedia). The regiment then proceeded en route to the Presidency of Madras, arriving on the 12th of October 1818 at Fort St George on Rajaji Salai (Beach Road), a military compound established in 1644, and a foundation for the city known as Madras. (since independence the names naming has carried an Indian name as well as former British names, thus Madras was also known as Chennai, and the state becam Tamil Nadu, India).

"On the 1st of July, 1820, the regiment commenced its march from Fort Saint George for Bellary, in the Ceded Districts (modern Karnataka, India), and arrived at that station on the 10th. August 1820.

• A detachment of the regiment, consisting of two captains, five lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, twenty serjeants, four drummers, and four hundred rank and file, marched from Bellary, for Belgaum, on field service in the Doab, on the 1st of October, 1820, and arrived at its destination on the 23rd of that month.

• During the years 1821, 1822, and 1823, the head-quarters of the regiment continued to be stationed at Bellary."

The 46th. Regiment remained there for 15 years in India and amidst them were three military men, who were successive husbands to Ann Carver. Ann was born 1798 in Richmond N.S.W., a daughter of Ben Carver and Sarah (my first Australian born ancestor). Marriage:

1. Sgt. Robert Broadfoot in 1816 at Richmond NSW; Ann travelled "on the strength of the Regiment" into India. No direct genealogy line connects the Broadfoot family history; Sgt. Robert Broadfoot died in India, about 1824, (the time of the siege of Kittoor) and Ann Carver Broadfoot (aka Bradfute) was widowed for the first time.

2. Ann remained on the strength of the Regiment in India, through a second marriage to Drum Major Thomas Marlow (Marler) Who died there in 18??.

3. Ann's third marriage was to Quartermaster Alexander Appelbe, who became ill and returned home to Cok, Ireland together with Ann and the children.

References:

1. * The Forty Sixth - The South Devonshire Regiment of Foot - Richard Cannon, London 1851 ( Tas Linc TL 356.110941) <https://archive.org/details/histrecordforty00canniala>

2. Ensign Calder, being fragmentary reminiscences from the career of a Subaltern Officer of H. M. 46th Regiment of Foot, and those of his intimate friends.

3. Historical Record of the 46th. Regiment of Foot. Refer text:- https://archive.org/stream/histrecordforty00canniala#page/n0/mode/thumb/search/Content

4. Australia: Regimental Bands : http://sydney.edu.au/paradisec/australharmony/register-british-military-bands-in-australia.php#Band-of-the-46th-Regiment

5. The regiment embarked on the 23rd of August 1813 on board the Wyndham, Three Bees and General Hewitt, and arrived at New South Wales in February 1814. Following the Regiments Service in New South Wales and on the 8th of September 1817 the Regiment embarked in three divisions at Sydney Cove on board the Matilda, Lloyd and Dick and arrived at Madras on the 16th of December 1817.

6. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728664549/findingaid?digitised=y#nla-obj-728701274

7. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728664549/findingaid?digitised=y#nla-obj-728691969

8. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728664549/findingaid?digitised=y#nla-obj-728691988