Lesson 1 - Main Functions of the Organs - The Brain 

1. Identify and describe the main functions of the brain

2. Identify the parts of the brain.

The learners can:

1. Enumerate the parts of the brain and its functions.

As you wake up every morning you will often find yourself wondering about what you are about to do. Different ideas will pop-up as quickly as it seems. The brain is one of the most important organs in the human body and is responsible for major actions performed by the body. Without the brain, series of complex actions will not be possible. The brain is the one that allows you to think and make control of the other body parts. The human brain is divided into four major lobes and each lobe performs specific functions.

1. Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe
   Location: The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain, and it's at the top and front.
   Function: Think of the cerebrum as the boss or CEO of the brain. It's in charge of all the thinking and decision-making.

• Making Decisions: When you decide whether to do your homework now or play first, your frontal lobe is helping you make that decision.

• Planning: When you plan how to build the tallest tower with your blocks, your frontal lobe is helping you organize your steps.

• Problem-Solving: If you figure out how to fix a puzzle or find a new way to play a game, you can thank your frontal lobe for being a great problem solver.

2. Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe
   Location: The parietal lobe is near the top and back of the cerebrum.
   Function: Think of the parietal lobe as the "Sensing and Understanding Center" of the brain.

• Touch: When you feel the softness of your pet's fur or the warmth of the sun on your skin, your parietal lobe is helping you sense and understand those touches.

• Taste: If you're enjoying the sweetness of an ice cream cone or the saltiness of a snack, your parietal lobe is helping you taste and recognize those flavors.

• Sight: When you see a rainbow in the sky or read a book, your parietal lobe is working to help you see and understand the colors and words.

• Hearing: If you hear your friend talking or music playing, your parietal lobe is helping you understand and enjoy those sounds.

3. Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe
   Location: The temporal lobe is on the sides of the cerebrum, near the ears.
   Function: Think of the temporal lobe as the "Hearing and Memory Center" of the brain.

• Hearing: When you listen to your teacher talking, your friend laughing, or your favorite song playing, your temporal lobe is helping you hear and understand those sounds.

• Memory: If you remember your friend's birthday or the story you read in a book, your temporal lobe is helping you recall and store those memories.

• Understanding Language: When you understand what someone is saying in a conversation or while watching a movie, your temporal lobe is at work, helping you make sense of language.

4. Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe
   Location: The occipital lobe is at the back of the cerebrum, near the cerebellum.
   Function: Think of the occipital lobe as the "Seeing Center" of the brain.

• Seeing Colors: When you look at a rainbow or a field of flowers, your occipital lobe helps you see the different colors and enjoy the beauty.

• Reading: When you read a book or your favorite comic, your occipital lobe helps you recognize the letters and words on the page.

• Watching a Movie: If you're watching a fun movie or a cartoon, your occipital lobe is working to help you see the characters and scenes.

5. Brain Stem
   Location: The brain stem is like the brain's "base" and is found at the bottom of the brain.
   Function: Think of the brain stem as the "Life Support Center" of the brain.

• Breathing: Your brain stem makes sure you keep breathing, even when you're sleeping or running around playing with friends.

• Heartbeat: The brain stem is in charge of your heart beating, keeping you alive and well without you having to do anything.

• Digestion: It helps your body break down the food you eat so you can have energy for all your activities.

6. Cerebellum
   Location: The cerebellum is at the back of the brain, near the bottom.
   Function: Think of the cerebellum as the "Body Coach" of the brain.

•   Balance: When you walk on a narrow path or stand on one foot without wobbling, your cerebellum is helping you keep your balance.

  • Playing Sports: If you kick a ball accurately or catch it with your hands, your cerebellum is giving your body instructions to move just right.

  • Drawing or Writing: When you draw a picture or write your name neatly, your cerebellum is helping you control your hand movements.

7. Spinal Cord

Location: The spinal cord is like a long, thin rope that runs down your back inside your spine.
Connection to the Brain: The spinal cord is like a messenger that talks to the brain and helps the body move.

Moving Your Legs: When you decide to run or jump, your brain sends a message through the spinal cord to your legs to move.

Feeling a Hug: If someone gives you a hug, your spinal cord helps you feel it by carrying the message from your skin to your brain.

Reacting to Danger: If you touch something hot, your spinal cord quickly sends a message to your brain, telling it to move your hand away to avoid getting hurt.

HEALTH - Ways on how to keep your brain active and healthy

Directions: Read each question carefully and box the letter of the correct answer.

Question 1: What is the largest part of the brain responsible for thinking and decision-making?

• a) Cerebellum

• b) Frontal lobe

• c) Brain stem

• d) Occipital lobe

Question 2: Which part of the brain is located at the back and is responsible for helping us see and understand visual information?

• a) Temporal lobe

• b) Parietal lobe

• c) Occipital lobe

• d) Cerebellum

Question 3: What is the main function of the cerebellum?

• a) Controlling automatic functions

• b) Helping us breathe

• c) Coordinating movement and balance

• d) Sensing and understanding

Question 4: The part of the brain responsible for hearing and understanding language is the:

• a) Temporal lobe

• b) Frontal lobe

• c) Parietal lobe

• d) Brain stem

Question 5: Which part of the brain acts like the body's life support center, controlling functions like breathing and heartbeat?

• a) Cerebrum

• b) Cerebellum

• c) Brain stem

• d) Occipital lobe

Question 6: The area at the front of the brain involved in making plans, decisions, and solving problems is the:

• a) Frontal lobe

• b) Temporal lobe

• c) Parietal lobe

• d) Cerebellum

Question 7: What part of the brain helps us maintain balance and coordination when walking or playing sports?

• a) Cerebellum

• b) Brain stem

• c) Temporal lobe

• d) Frontal lobe

Question 8: Where is the brain stem located in the brain?

• a) At the top

• b) At the back

• c) At the bottom

• d) At the sides

Question 9: The part of the brain responsible for sensing and understanding touch, taste, and other sensations is the:

• a) Temporal lobe

• b) Parietal lobe

• c) Frontal lobe

• d) Occipital lobe

Question 10: What connects the brain to the rest of the body and helps messages travel between them?

• a) Cerebrum

• b) Spinal cord

• c) Brain stem

• d) Cerebellum