Bunkerne i Skagen
Atlantvolden
Arkitekt: Tyskerne (Regelbau)
Bygget: 1942-1945 af danske entreprenører og danske arbejder finansieret af Nationalbanken.
I 1944 arbejde 42.000 mand på at bygge bunkere
I Danmark var der ved krigens slutning ca. 7.000 bunkere, heraf 1.800 af den helt kraftige type.
Relation til
The Atlantic Wall
Architect: Germans (Regelbau)
Built: 1942-1945 by Danish contractors and Danish works financed by the National Bank.
In 1944, 42,000 men worked to build the bunkers
At the end of the war, there were approximately 7,000 bunkers in Denmark, 1,800 of which were of the heavy-duty type.
Relation to
Skagen Bunker Museum
Hirtshals Bunker Museum
www.atlantikwall.dk Defence area Frederikshavn
www.atlantikwall.dk 07 Hirtshals Support Centre
Historie
Når man besøger Skagen kan man ikke undgå at støde ind i de mange bunkere fra 2. verdenskrig (World War II), der ligger spredt rundt på stranden i klitterne.
Hvorfor blev de bygget?
I løbet af 1940 var Tyskland kommet i besiddelse af lange kyststrækninger ved erobring af land i Nord- og Vesteuropa.
Denne strækning skulle beskyttes og kunne forsvares ved brug af så lidt mandskab som muligt.
I slutningen af 1941 kom ordren om opførelse af den nye Vestvold, også kaldt Atlantvolden. Der blev systematisk opført bunkere fra den spansk/franske grænse til Nordkap. Se kortet
History
When visiting Skagen, you can't avoid bumping into the many World War II bunkers scattered around the beach in the dunes.
Why were they built?
During 1940, Germany had gained possession of long stretches of coastline by conquering land in northern and western Europe.
This stretch had to be protected and could be defended using as little manpower as possible.
In late 1941, the order came for the construction of the new West Wall, also called the Atlantic Wall. Bunkers were systematically built from the Spanish/French border to the North Cape. See map
Regelbau
For at lette processen i forbindelse med opførelse af de mange bunkere lavede tyskerne en for for typebusbyggeri, kaldet Regelbau med omkring 200 forskellige bunkere. Dermed var arbejdet lettere og tropperne kunne lettere finde sig til rette når de blev forflyttet.
Byggeriet
Den danske regering valgte, at det skulle være danske entreprenørfirmaer og dansk arbejdskraft, der skulle bygge bunkerne. I 1944 toppede arbejdet med over 74.000 mand i arbejde.
Lønnen blev trukket i Nationalbanken - det samme gjorde udgiften til materialer.
Den samlede regning for cirka 7.000 bunkere blev altså betalt af den danske stat. En pris svarende til 12 Storebæltsbroer. En Storebæltsbro kostede 21,4 mia. i 1988 kroner - altså 257 milliarder kroner i 1988.
Tyske tropper
Efterhånden som de bedste soldater skulle bruges ved østrfonten, blev de danske forsvarsanlæg bemandet med unge soldater under uddannelse, sårede under genoptræning eller russiske krigsfanger, der mere eller mindre frivilligt var trukket i tysk uniform for at slippe for fangelejre.
Bunkere i Vendsyssel
Grafik fra Nordjyske stifttidende 5. april 2015
Regelbau
In order to facilitate the process of building the many bunkers, the Germans created a type construction system, called Regelbau, with about 200 different bunkers. This made the work easier and the troops more comfortable when they were moved.
The construction
The Danish government decided that the bunkers should be built by Danish contractors and Danish labour. In 1944 work peaked with over 74,000 men at work.
Wages were drawn from the National Bank - as was the cost of materials.
The total bill for some 7,000 bunkers was thus paid by the Danish state. A price equivalent to 12 Storebælt bridges. A Storebælt bridge cost 21.4 billion in 1988 kroner - that is 257 billion kroner in 1988.
German troops
As the best soldiers were needed for the eastern front, the Danish defences were manned by young soldiers undergoing training, wounded soldiers undergoing rehabilitation or Russian prisoners of war who had more or less voluntarily changed into German uniforms to escape prison camps.
Bunkers in Vendsyssel
Graphic from Nordjyske stifttidende 5 April 2015
Bunkerne i Skagen
I terrænet mellem det Grå Fyr og Vippefyret i Skagen lagde den tyske marine et kystbatteri i klitterne med fire 12-cm kanoner i hver sin bunker. Dertil et stort antal bunkere til mandskab, ammunition og teknik.
Centralt på stranden ligger den store 2-etages ildlederbunker, som styrede de fire kanoner (i baggrunden på nedenstående billede)
In the terrain between the Grey Lighthouse and the Vippefyret in Skagen, the German navy laid a coastal battery in the dunes with four 12-cm guns in each bunker. In addition, a large number of bunkers for men, ammunition and technology.
In the centre of the beach is the large 2-storey fire control bunker which controlled the four guns (in the background of the picture below)
Links og litteratur / Adresse, matr.nr. og ejerliste
Bunkerne i toppen af Danmark, folder udgivet 2014 af Toppen af Danmark A/S www.toppenafdanmark.dk