(DSM-IV) 309.81
診斷標準為309.81創傷後壓力障礙
答：人已接觸到創傷性事件中吻合一或兩種情況：
（1）有經驗的人看到，或者是面臨著
事件或事件有關的實際或威脅造成死亡或嚴重
傷害，或威脅他人人身安全
（2）人的反應有關的強烈恐懼，無助或恐懼。
注意：在兒童，這可能是對的，而不是雜亂無章
或激動的行為。
B的創傷性事件堅持reexperienced在一個（或更多）
按以下方式：
（一）經常和痛苦回憶的事件，，
結束性影像，想法或看法。注意：在年輕的白細胞介素
德倫，可能會出現重複的發揮，其中主題或方面的
創傷的表達。
（2）經常令人痛心的夢想事件。注：兒童，
可能是可怕的夢沒有可識別的內容。
（3）行動或感覺，如果是經常性創傷事件（包括
某種意義上說，重溫經驗，幻想，幻覺和
分離性倒敘集，包括那些發生在
覺醒或中毒）。注意：在較小的兒童，
創傷可能會出現特定的重演。
（4）在激烈的心理困擾接觸內部或外部
暗示，象徵一個方面或類似的創傷事件
（5）生理反應暴露於內部或外部線索
這象徵著一個方面或類似的創傷事件。
長持續避免刺激與創傷和麻木
一般反應（不存在前的創傷），正如
由三個或更多的以下內容：
（1）努力避免思想，情感，或會話與
創傷
（2）努力避免活動，地點，或人，引起的回憶
創傷
（3）不能回憶的一個重要方面創傷
（4）能顯著降低利息或參與重大活動
（5）感覺超然or estrangement從others
（6）限制範圍的影響。 （例如，不能有愛的感覺）
（7）意識的透視未來（比如，不期望有一個
事業，婚姻，子女，或正常壽命）
D.持續增加興奮症狀（前不存在
創傷），正如我的兩個（或更多）如下：
（1）難以入睡或保持睡眠
（2）易怒或爆發憤怒
（3）難以集中注意力
（4）hypervigilance
（5）誇大了驚嚇反應
大腸桿菌期限的騷擾（症狀標準B，C和D）的更多
超過一個月。
F中干擾的原因有臨床意義的困擾或減值
社會，職業，或其他重要領域的運作。
指定是否：
急性：如果症狀持續時間少於3個月。
慢性：如果症狀持續時間為3個月或以上
指定是否：
與遲發性：如果發病症狀是至少6個月後，
應激
309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Diagnostic criteria for 309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
(1) the person experienced witnessed, or was confronted with an
event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious
injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of others
(2) the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
Note: In children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized
or agitated behavior.
B. The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of
the following ways:
(1) recurrent and distressing recollections of the event, in-
cluding images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note: In young chil-
dren, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the
trauma are expressed.
(2) Recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: in children, there
may be frightening dreams without recognizable content.
(3) acting or feeling if the traumatic event were recurring (includes
a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and
dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on
awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children,
trauma-specific reenactment may occur.
(4) Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external
cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
(5) Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues
that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing
of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated
by three or more of the following:
(1) efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with
the trauma
(2) efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections
of the trauma
(3) inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma
(4) markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities
(5) feeling of detachment or estrangement from others
(6) restricted range of affect. (e.g., unable to have loving feelings)
(7) Sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a
career, marriage, children, or a normal life span)
D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the
trauma), as indicated by two (or more) of the following:
(1) difficulty falling or staying asleep
(2) irritability or outbursts of anger
(3) difficulty concentrating
(4) hypervigilance
(5) exaggerated startle response
E. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria B, C, and D) is more
than one month.
F. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in
social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Specify if:
Acute: if duration of symptoms is less than three months.
Chronic: if duration of symptoms is three months or more
Specify if:
With Delayed Onset: if onset of symptoms is at least 6 months after the
stressor