3.4 Networks and the Internet
From the Specification
Networks connect computers, people and communities allowing data and information to be created, accessed and shared in a distributed manner.
Networks and the internet are defining features of digital society that have evolved over time.
Networks and the internet involve significant opportunities and dilemmas for life in digital society
3.4A Types of computing networks
From the Specification
• Wired, wireless, cloud
• Personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN)
• Client-server, peer-2-peer (P2P)
3.4B Components of computing networks
From the Specification
Client, server, modem, router, switch, hub, channels, network interface
3.4C Characteristics of computing networks
From the Specification
Standards and protocols
• Interoperability, domain names, addresses
Security
• Identification, authentication, encryption
• Firewall, proxy server, virtual private network (VPN), security layers
Capacity
• Bandwidth, data compression, net neutrality
Infrastructure
• Internet backbone
3.4D Computing network providers and services
From the Specification
Providers • Internet service provider
Services • Chat, texting, email, file sharing, VOIP, online messaging, hosting, video conferencing
3.4E The world wide web
From the Specification
As distinct from the internet
• URL, HTTP, browser
• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
3.4F Evolution of the internet and the web
From the Specification
• Innovators and innovations in the early development of the internet and web
• Rise of online social media platforms
• Internet of things and ubiquitous networking
3.4G Internet dilemmas
From the Specification
• Privacy, anonymity and surveillance, the right to be forgotten, spyware, identity theft
• Cybercrime, hacking, viruses, spam, social engineering, ransomware, denial of service, dark web, trolling
Potential News Articles
3.4E The world wide web
How the WWW will remember Queen Elizabeth II - https://www.wired.com/story/how-the-internet-will-remember-the-queen/
Happy Birthday WWW - https://webfoundation.org/2024/03/marking-the-webs-35th-birthday-an-open-letter/
3.4F Evolution of the internet and the web
The History of Blockchain, past, present and future....... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=id-ojGLPGHw -
Japan setting new internet speed records - https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-shattered-internet-speed-record-319-terabits
3.4G Internet dilemmas
How to stop hackers stealing your face - https://www.theage.com.au/technology/how-to-protect-yourself-from-inevitable-optus-style-hacks-20220927-p5bl9k.html
Shutting down the internet to silence women's voices in Iran:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/sep/26/elon-musk-iran-women-mahsa-amini-feminists-morality-police
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/12/iran-hijab-law-protest-ali-larijani
Electronic Waste - https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63245150
Space interfering with pacemakers - https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221011-how-space-weather-causes-computer-errors
Who polices the Social Media Companies - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/oct/12/kanaye-west-twitter-instagram-robert-reich
Big Tech, can it be tamed when profits are at stake? - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/11/apple-limits-iphone-filesharing-feature-used-by-protesters-in-china?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
Attacking smaller nations and new warfare - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-63632129
Misinformation being rubber-stamped - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/24/elon-musk-offers-general-amnesty-to-suspended-twitter-accounts
Cyber Crime - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/27/gangs-of-cybercriminals-are-expanding-across-africa-investigators-say
What do you join the army for? - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/18/our-weapons-are-computers-ukrainian-coders-aim-to-gain-battlefield-edge
Illiberal democracies that are asking WhatsApp for backdoors - Iran and who? - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-64863448
Just who are you talking to online? - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-64618791
Manipulating elections - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/15/aims-software-avatars-team-jorge-disinformation-fake-profiles
and
FREE INTERNET - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jun/19/kerala-free-broadband-india
UK considers tighter rules on investment in China after US clampdown - https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/aug/10/rishi-sunak-weighs-uk-response-to-us-curbs-on-hi-tech-investments-in-china
Monitoring people's Facebook accounts - https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hcmc-to-build-management-system-for-70-million-facebook-youtube-accounts-4671286.html
How long does it take to lose 49 thousand laptops? (7 minutes) - https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/interviews/ransomware-files-episode-4-maersk-notpetya-i-5014
Saudi Cyber attack - https://www.cfr.org/cyber-operations/compromise-saudi-aramco-and-rasgas
How does North Korea make its money? - https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/north-korea-makes-50-income/
Google to pay $700m anti-trust lawsuit - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-67764511
British Library Cyber Breach impacts - https://www.ft.com/content/102df01d-9fb4-49e9-b644-6038a7d668fc
Vietnamese cyber breach - https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/164-million-zing-records-found-in-historic-data-breach-4704981.html
From the UK spies - https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/ai-rise-will-lead-increase-cyberattacks-gchq-warns-2024-01-24/
Vietnam on the end of a cyber attack - https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/no-risk-contagion-first-cyberattack-vietnam-market-regulator-says-2024-03-27/