3.1 Data
From the Specification
There are many types, uses and ways of representing data.
Big data and data analytics involve extracting and processing useful information in ways that are often impossible for humans.
There are significant opportunities and dilemmas associated with data in digital society.
3.1A Data as distinct from information, knowledge and wisdom
From the Specification
Data, information, knowledge and wisdom (DIKW) pyramid
3.1B Types of Data
From the Specification
• Quantitative and qualitative
• Cultural, financial, geographical, medical, meteorological, transport, scientific, statistical
• Metadata
3.1C Uses of data
From the Specification
• Identify trends, patterns, connections and relationships between different items
• Collect and organize measurable facts about people and communities
3.1D Data Life Cycle
From the Specification
Create/collect/extract, store, process, analyse, access, preserve, reuse
3.1E Ways to collect and organize data
From the Specification
• Primary and secondary data collection
• Databases organize and structure collections of data so that they are accessible, manageable and capable of being updated.
• Data classifications and relationships
3.1F Ways of Representing Data
From the Specification
Charts, tables, reports, infographics, visualizations
3.1G Data Security
From the Specification
• Encryption, data masking, data erasure
• Blockchain
3.1H Characteristics and uses of big data and data analytics
From the Specification
Characteristics
• Volume, variety, velocity, veracity
Uses
• Predictive analysis, modelling, understanding past, current and future human behaviour
3.1I Data dilemmas
From the Specification
• Data bias, reliability and integrity
• Control, ownership and access to data
• Data privacy, anonymity and surveillance, personally identifiable information
Potential news articles
3.1G Data Security
Uber claims no sensitive data exposed in latest breach - https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/uber-claims-no-sensitive-data-exposed.html
Optus Breach - https://itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis-sp-481/open-sauce/optus-has-not-covered-itself-in-glory-in-handling-of-breach.html
Pass keys - https://www.wired.com/story/apple-passkeys-password-iphone-mac-ios16-ventura
Dealing with Cyber Security threats - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/04/ransomware-hunters-the-self-taught-tech-geniuses-fighting-cybercrime
3.1H Characteristics and uses of big data and data analytics
Digital Twins are finally becoming a reality - https://www.techrepublic.com/article/digital-twins-are-finally-becoming-a-reality-is-your-company-ready-to-use-them/
Using Data from space - https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/28/return-of-gedi-space-mission-maps-earths-forests-saved-from-destruction-aoe
3.1I Data dilemmas
The High Cost of living your life online - https://www.newsncr.com/technology/the-high-cost-of-living-your-life-online
A split in the approaches to healthcare due to Roe vs Wade - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/12/abortion-new-state-healthcare-america-one-men-worse-one-women
TikTok again - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/02/tiktok-tells-european-users-its-staff-in-china-get-access-to-their-data
Elon Musk is worried about babies? - https://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-population-crisis
It's just not cricket! - https://www.wired.co.uk/article/cricviz-twenty20-cricket-data
Data is only useful if you use it - https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/12/exxon-climate-change-global-warming-research
If you want damages, you have to prove the damage - https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/04/why-2023-will-be-a-watershed-year-for-climate-litigation
Using data to track employees - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/12/canada-woman-time-theft-tracking-software
Disagreeing about the use of data - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/12/italy-ireland-plans-for-alcohol-health-warnings-wine
Gerrymandering in the USA Use of data to maintain control - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/12/wisconsin-republican-brags-low-democratic-turnout
Using data to track employees - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/12/canada-woman-time-theft-tracking-software
Can data save the climate - https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/04/why-2023-will-be-a-watershed-year-for-climate-litigation
3.1 Data - its only useful if you act on it - https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/12/exxon-climate-change-global-warming-research
An algorithm ruined my life - https://www.wired.co.uk/article/welfare-algorithms-discrimination
Data privacy and safety - https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/may/14/nhs-england-data-privacy-confidentiality-records-addenbrookes-hospital
Whatsapp disappearing from the UK? - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/08/whatsapp-could-disappear-uk-over-privacy-concerns-ministers-told