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ATMO 203 Tutorials
ATMO 203 Class Tutorials
Radiation and the Diurnal Heating Cycle
A Look at an Actual Diurnal Cycle
How it All Works
Optional: The Greenhouse Effect
Possible Explanations
Hypothesis Five: Temperature Change = Solar Radiation - Energy Loss Due to Temperature
Hypothesis Four: Temperature Change = Solar Radiation - Random Energy Loss
Hypothesis One: Temperature = Solar Radiation
Hypothesis Six: Temperature Change = Advection
Hypothesis Three: Temperature Change = Solar Radiation - Constant Energy Loss
Hypothesis Two: Temperature Change = Solar Radiation
Summary
What is the Diurnal Cycle?
Air Masses and Fronts
Advection
Air Mass Changes Due to Elevation
Air Mass Motion Forecasting Technique
Air Masses and Fronts: An Introduction
Summary
The Motion of Air vs. The Motion of Weather Patterns
Weather Pattern Extrapolation Forecasting Technique
Winds and Source Regions
Winds and Source Regions Example
Backup Image
Air Pressure, Temperature and Height
Interpretation of the Hydrostatic Equation
Hint For Problem
Solution To Problem
Pressure, Temperature and Density
Pressure, Temperature and Density: Answer to Question
Review
Summary
The Relationship Between Pressure and Temperature
The Relationship Between Pressure and Temperature: Answer to Question
Numerical Example
The Relationship Between Pressure and Temperature: Answer to Question 2
The Vertical Balance of Forces: The Hydrostatic Equation
Factors Affecting Temperature: Clouds and Moisture
Clouds and Temperature
Cooling Past the Dew Point
Cooling Past the Dew Point: Part II
Dew Point and the Minimum Temperature
Answer to Forecast Question
Dew Point Temperature
Land and Soil Conditions
Land, Soil and Forecasting
Summary
Factors Affecting Temperature: Wind and Mixing
Conduction
Convection
How the Atmosphere Gets Heated and Cooled
Quick Quiz: How Does Heat Move?
Review Questions
Summary
The 850 mb Forecasting Technique
The Daytime Boundary Layer
The Nighttime Boundary Layer
Forces in the Atmosphere
Balance of Forces
Coriolis Force Experiment
Coriolis Force Experiment: Part 2
Coriolis Force Experiment: Part 3
Coriolis Force Experiment: Part 4
Coriolis Force Experiment: Part 5
Demonstrations Of How The Coriolis Force Works
Forces in the Atmosphere
Friction
Gravity
The Centrifugal Force
The Coriolis Force
The Horizontal Pressure Gradient Force
The Vertical Pressure Gradient Force
How The Coriolis Forces Acts on an Air Parcel
Lies About The Coriolis Force
Newton's First Law
Newton's Second Law
Incorrect
Incorrect.
Summary
What's an Air Parcel?
How to Read a METAR Report
A Fully Decoded METAR Report
A Raw METAR Report
Abbreviation for Weather, Clouds and Miscellaneous
Converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit
Elements of a METAR Report
Remarks
Remarks Quiz
Summary
Table-Decoded METAR Report
Hurricanes
Environmental Factors For Development
Formation
Formation Areas
Landfall, Conversion, and The End
Optional: Formation
Optional: Intensification
Optional: Moistening the Mid-Atmosphere
Structure
Summary
Numerical Weather Prediction
Frank and the Weather Computer
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page II
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page III
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page IIX
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page IV
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page IX
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page V
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page VI
Frank and the Weather Computer: Page VII
Summary
Melissa and the Weather Computer
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 2
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 3
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 4
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 5
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 6
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 7
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 8
Melissa and the Weather Computer: Page 9
Summary
NWS Forecast Models
Decoding EXT Reports
FOUS and MOS Decoders Quiz
Handy-Dandy FOUS Decoder
DDFF
HH
LI
PS
PTT
R1
R2
R3
T1
T3
T5
TT
VVV
Handy-Dandy MOS Decoder
Ceiling
Chance of Freezing Precipitation
Cloud Cover
Days
Dew Point Temperatures
Header Information
Minimum/Maximum Temperatures
Obstructions to Vision
Precipitation Type
Probability of Snow
Quantitative Precipitation Forecast
Six-Hour Probability of Precipitation
Six-Hour Thunderstorm Forecast
Snow Amount
Temperatures
Times
Twelve-Hour Probability of Precipitation
Twelve-Hour Thunderstorm Forecast
Visibility
Wind Direction
Wind Speed
Model Output
Summary
Summary of Part II
The Global Forecast System
The North American Model
The Rapid Refresh Model
Vocabulary
Radar Imagery
All That Glitters...
Anomalous Propagation (AP)
Birds and Insects
Clear Air
Dual Polarization
Echo Type Quiz
Ground Clutter
Other Transmitters
Principles of Radar
Radar and Weather Forecasting
Radar Mosaics
Summary
Satellite Imagery
Geosynchronous Satellites
Identifying Cloud Types
Identifying Cyclones
Identifying Fronts
Identifying Upper-Level Features
Infrared Imagery: Color Enhanced
Infrared Imagery: Reality
Summary
Visible Imagery
Water Vapor Imagery
Sea Breezes, Land Breezes and Coastal Fronts
A Sea Breeze Animation
Differences Between Land and Sea Breezes
Differences Between Land and Sea Breezes: Part II
Exercise: Find The Sea Breeze
Exercise: Find The Sea Breeze (Again)
Exercise: Find The Sea Breeze (You're having fun, aren't you?)
Exercise: Find The Sea Breeze, Episode 3
Other Creatures: Land Breezes and Coastal Fronts
Review of the Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
Review of the Sea Breeze and Land Breeze: Part 2
Summary
The Sea Breeze Front
The Sea Breeze Front: Part II
Answer To Question
Variations on a Theme
Snow Forecasting
An Older Example: The TAMU Precip Map
How Much Water is in Snow?
Lake-Effect Snow
Making Clouds
Precipitation Types
Summary
The Bergeron Process
Upslope Flow
Upslope Flow: The Details
Sounding Diagrams
Air Parcel Ascent
Ascent of a Typical Air Parcel
Chinook Wind
Cloud Base
Cloud Base: Page 2
Cloud Base: Page 3
Cloud Base: Page 4
Dew Point and Mixing Ratio
Introduction to Sounding Diagrams
Moist Ascent
Summary
The Complete Sounding Diagram
Soundings, Clouds and Convection
A Sample Sounding
A Second Pair of Soundings
Changes From Day to Night
Convection
Forecasting Convection
Parcel Stability
So You Want to Be an Air Parcel?
Sounding Data on a Sounding Diagram
Summary
Superadiabatic Layers
Sources of Model Error
Analysis Error
Assessing Error: Analysis
Assessing Error: Short Range Forecasts
If the Model is Wrong, What's Next?
Parameterization Quiz
Parameterizations
Summary
Topography and Land-Sea Interface
The Forecasting Process: Part I
How to Make a Forecast
Jackson, MS: The Big Picture
Jackson, MS: The Big Picture
JAN: Comparison with Guidance
JAN: Precipitation
JAN: Recent History
JAN: Recent History
JAN: Temperatures
JAN: What Really Happened
Summary to Part I
The Forecasting Process: Part II
RAP: Comparison With Guidance
RAP: Precipitation
RAP: Recent History
RAP: Temperatures
RAP: Temperatures Part II
RAP: What Really Happened
RAP: What Went Wrong?
Rapid City, SD: The Big Picture
Rapid City, SD: The Big Picture Part II
Summary
The Weather Challenge
How Did I Do?
How Do I Enter My Forecast?
How Do I Make a Forecast?
Summary
What is the Weather Challenge?
Upper Air Maps
Geostrophic Balance Revisited
Optional: Estimating the Actual Wind Speed
Estimating the Actual Wind Speed Quiz
Some Tough Review Questions
Summary
The 300 mb Map
The 500 mb Map
The 700 mb Map
The 850 mb Map
Tropopause Maps
Winds and Heights: Mix and Match
Winds and Pressure: Part I
Conclusion to Part I
Friction
Putting on the Brakes
Review of Horizontal Forces
The Sea Breeze
The Sea Breeze: Part II
Vertical Motion and Buoyancy
Vertical Motion and Divergence
Winds and Pressure: Part II
Geostrophic Balance
More Steady State Flow and Force Balance
Steady State Flow and Force Balance
Steady Surface Winds
Summary
The Coriolis Force
Review Questions
Tutorial 1 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 1 Review Question
Tutorial 10 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 10 Review Question
Tutorial 11 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 11 Review Question
Tutorial 12 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 12 Review Question
Tutorial 13 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 13 Review Question
Tutorial 14 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 14 Review Question
Tutorial 15 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 15 Review Question
Tutorial 16 Review Questions
Answer to Tutorial 16 Review Question #1
Answer to Tutorial 16 Review Question #2
Tutorial 17 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 17 Review Question
Tutorial 18 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 18 Review Question
Tutorial 19 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 19 Review Question
Tutorial 2 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 2 Review Question
Tutorial 20 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 20 Review Question
Tutorial 3 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 3 Review Question
Tutorial 4 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 4 Review Question
Tutorial 5 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 5 Review Question
Tutorial 6 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 6 Review Question
Tutorial 7 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 7 Review Question
Tutorial 8 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 8 Review Question
Tutorial 9 Review Question
Answer to Tutorial 9 Review Question
Study Guides
ATMO 203 Tutorials
Exercise: Find The Sea Breeze (You're having fun, aren't you?)
Prior to which observation did the sea breeze front pass Miami?
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