Misconceptions and anchoring conceptions

Ideas 

Students do not come to school as blank slates to be filled. 

They have preconceptions. 

Anchoring preconceptions: preconceptions that are aligned with the curriculum. 

Alternative preconceptions or misconceptions: inconsistent with the curriculum. 

How Do My Students Think: Diagnosing Student Thinking

https://www.apa.org/education-career/k12/student-thinking 

Related ideas

Patients perspectives: Ideas, concerns and expectations 

Thinking & Mental models 

Transformational learning & thinking