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When do we use the passive?
Cuando el que realiza la acción ( el agente) es poco relevante, desconocido, no se quiere nombrar o es obvio.
My house was painted (=Me pintaron la casa - obviamente un pintor)
My mobile phone was stolen (= Me robaron el teléfono =no sé quién me lo robó)
The letters were typed (=las cartas se escribieron = no es relevante quién lo hizo)
Para destacar la acción o el objeto más que el sujeto o la persona que realiza la acción
The room must be cleaned (en vez de You must clean the room).
The tickets were sold out.
Para subrayar el proceso o acontecimiento en lugar del agente que lo causa, por ejemplo en experimentos científicos, recetas, etc.
Coal is burnt.
Sugar is added.
Cuando queremos ocultar quién realizó la acción para evitar señalar quién es responsable o para evitar molestias.
The boys were punished (no decimos quién los castigó)
Our tickets were lost (no quiero decir quién los perdió)
Mistakes were made ( no decimos quién cometió los errores. Evitamos decir, por ejemplo, "I made a mistake")
Con queremos evitar una frase cuyo sujeto seria somebody, nobody, etc., ya que estos sujetos no aportan información.
Somebody stole my car > My car was stolen. (Me robaron el coche)
FORM [3º ESO, 4º ESO; 1º y 2º de Bachillerato]
FORM [3º ESO, 4º ESO; 1º y 2º de Bachillerato]
BE (in the right tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (V3)
BE (in the right tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (V3)
El uso de la pasiva es muy frecuente en inglés, pero no tanto en castellano. Esta construcción se suele traducir en castellano con el verbo en activa, con una forma impersonal o con una pasiva refleja.
Many cars are sold > Se venden muchos coches (Muchos coches son vendidos).
Se forma con el verbo "to be" conjugado + el participio pasado del verbo principal (3ª columna de los verbos irregulares)
[ACTIVE] Everybody does the exercises > [PASSIVE] The exercises are done (by everybody)
[ACTIVE] We cleaned the rooms > [PASSIVE] The rooms were cleaned (by us)
¡OJO! Al pasar una oración a pasiva ponemos el verbo to be en el mismo tiempo que tenía el verbo principal en la oración en activa. A veces también añadimos al final el complemento agente con la preposición "by".
Como sujeto de la oración en pasiva se pone el complemento que haya detrás del verbo en activa, ya sea directo, ya sea indirecto.
[ACTIVE] Jill decorated the room with flowers > [PASSIVE] The room was decorated with flowers by Jill (La habitación fue decorada con flores por Jill.)
Si el complemento indirecto es un pronombre objeto, se cambia a la forma de pronombre sujeto.
Dan has defeated him in the third round > He has been defeated in the third round by Dan. (Ha sido derrotado en la tercera ronda por Dan.)
Tenses in the Passive
Tenses in the Passive
BACHILLERATO 🏁
BACHILLERATO 🏁
La pasiva con dos objetos [1º y 2º de Bachillerato]
La pasiva con dos objetos [1º y 2º de Bachillerato]
Cuando hay dos complementos, lo mas frecuente en ingles es poner el complemento indirecto como sujeto.
[ACTIVE] They should give Leah some time to rest
[PASSIVE] Leah should be given some time to rest
[PASSIVE] Some time to rest should be given to Leah. [menos frecuente]
Si el complemento indirecto es un pronombre objeto, se cambia a la forma de pronombre sujeto.
Dan has defeated him in the third round > He has been defeated in the third round by Dan. (Ha sido derrotado en la tercera ronda por Dan.)
Se pone el verbo to be en el mismo tiempo que tenia el verbo principal en la voz activa, y el verbo principal, en participio.
[ACTIVE] He told Jean that the end was predictable > [PASSIVE] Jean was told that the end was predictable. (Le dijo a Jean que el final era predecible.)
Con los modales y be going to el verbo que los sigue es el que se pone en pasiva.
[ACTIVE] We must take action before it's too late > [PASSIVE] Action must be taken before it's too late. (Debemos hacer algo al respecto antes de que sea demasiado tarde.)
[ACTIVE] They are going to demolish the building > [PASSIVE] The building is going to be demolished. (El edificio va a ser demolido.)
La pasiva con verbos como say, believe, know, expect, think, consider y suppose.
La pasiva con verbos como say, believe, know, expect, think, consider y suppose.
Con estos verbos es posible utilizar dos tipos de construcciones de pasiva:
1. Una construcción impersonal con "it" + verbo en pasiva + subordinada introducida por "that". Se traduce como una oración impersonal ("Se dice I se piensa I se cree ... " ) o una oración en activa.
2. Una construcción formada por un sujeto + verbo en pasiva + infinitivo. Este tipo de pasiva tambien se traduce como una oración impersonal o una oración activa.
[ACTIVE] Everybody knows (that) Peter is very good at business.
It is known that Peter is very good at business (=Se sabe/Es sabido que Peter es muy bueno en los negocios)
Peter is known to be very good at business. (=Se sabe/Es sabido que Peter es muy bueno en los negocios)
[ACTIVE] People believe the Queen is very rich.
It is believed that the Queen is very rich. (=Se cree que la Reina es muy rica)
The Queen is believed to be very rich. (=Se cree que la Reina es muy rica)
En las oraciones pasivas formadas con el verbo expect, el verbo de la subordinada suele ir en futuro.
[ACTIVE] We expect the documentary to reach all audiences.
It is expected that the documentary will reach all audiences. (Se espera I Esperan que el documental llegue a todos los publicos.)
Online practice
Online practice
Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)
Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)
[Englisch-hilfen.de]
2717 Form Passive sentences in the Simple Present – Exercise
PA016 - Passive Voice - Sentences Intermediate
PA015 - Passive Voice - Sentences Intermediate
PA014 - Passive Voice - Sentences Elementary
PA013 - Passive or Active Elementary
PA012 - Passive Voice - Sentences Elementary
PA011 - Active to Passive Intermediate
PA010 - Active to Passive Elementary
PA009 - The Stradivari Elementary
PA008 - Passive Voice - Sentences Elementary
PA007 - Passive or Active Intermediate
PA006 - Active to Passive Intermediate
PA005 - Active to Passive - Present and Past Tense Elementary
PA003 - The History of Paper - Active or Passive ? Elementary
PA001 - Passive Voice - Sentences Intermediate
PA002 - Incident in the Sky - Complete the sentences with passive structures Advanced
REPHRASING
PA006 - Active to Passive Intermediate
Present Simple Exercise (intermediate)
Past Simple Exercise (intermediate)
Present Perfect Exercise (intermediate)
Future Simple Exercise (intermediate)
Mixed Tense Exercise (difficult)
Verbs with two objects (difficult)
Subordinate Clauses (difficult)
Conversation questions
Conversation questions
Conversation questions to practice passive voice
1) Have you ever been punished or made to pay for something that you did not do?
2) How would you handle integrating someone who had been frozen for 100 years into society?
3) How would your country change if children were allowed to vote?
4) Would civilization be better off if the internet had never been created?
5) A hungry man steals a loaf of bread. How should he be punished?
6) What is the nicest thing that has been done for you?
7) Have you ever been awarded a prize?
8) What goal do you think humanity is not focused enough on achieving?
9) What 3 global issues should be solved right now?
10) What’s the best present you’ve ever been given?
11) Do you think children are spoiled these days? Why?
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