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Las oraciones de relativo son oraciones subordinadas que nos permiten añadir más información sobre las persona o cosas de las que estamos hablando sin tener que repetir el nombre.
That is the house. The house was built on the main road. > That is the house which was built on the main road.
Las oraciones de relativo pueden ser de dos tipos: defining (especificativas) y non-defining (explicativas) y están introducidas por pronombres relativos: who, which, where, when, whose and that.
who and that refer to people:
She is the actress who/that plays the leading role.
which and that refer to objects, animals, ideas ...:
The jeans which/that I bought yesterday were dirt cheap.
when and that refer to a moment in time:
They will never forget the day when/that they graduated.
where refers to a particular place:
This is the house where my grandmother was brought up.
whose refers to possession:
He is the boy whose name I can never remember.
Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses
What is the difference in meaning between these two sentences?
My brother who lives in Calgary is a student.
My brother, who lives in Calgary, is a student.
Defining Relative Clauses (especificativas)
Defining Relative Clauses (especificativas)
Hay un tipo de oraciones de relativo que aportan información esencial sobre su antecedente y sin ellas el sentido quedaría incompleto. Por eso van unidas a la oración principal sin coma entre ellas. Son las que llamamos especificativas (defining).
En este tipo de oraciones who (personas) y which (cosas) se pueden sustituir por that. When (tiempo) se suele sustituir por that u omitir en contextos informales cuando va precedido de sustantivos que hacen referencia al tiempo (day, week, time, moment, etc.).
The computer which/that we bought is very expensive.
The man who/that is coming will bring us the present.
That is the day (when/that) they got married. (Ese es el dia en que se casaron.)
Whose (posesión) y where (lugar) no pueden omitirse ni sustituirse por that.
She is the girl whose poem won the first prize. (Ella es la chica cuyo poema ganó el primer premio.)
That is the company where Martin works. (Esa es la empresa en la que trabaja Martin.)
Cuando el pronombre relativo es el objeto de la oración de relativo, podemos omitir los pronombres who, which, when and that:
This is the palace which/that I visited > This is the palace I visited.
Cuando el pronombre relativo who/which/that va seguido del verbo to be podemos omitir tanto el relativo como el verbo to be:
The pictures which were attached to the email weren't clear > The pictures attached to the email weren't clear.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining Relative Clauses
Añaden información que no es necesaria para identificar el antecedente y van entre comas. Se forman con who, which, when, where y whose, que no se pueden omitir ni sustituir por that.
Mike, who is a remarkable student, always goes over his notes before an exam. (Mike, que es un alumna extraordinario, siempre repasa sus apuntes antes de un examen.)
BACHILLERATO
BACHILLERATO
Estructura formal e informal
Estructura formal e informal
En inglés, cuando una cláusula relativa incluye una preposición, su posición puede variar dependiendo de si el estilo es formal o informal. Lo más frecuente es colocar la preposición al final de la oración de relativo y omitir el pronombre relativo, sobre todo en inglés hablado. En contextos formales se pone la preposición delante del relativo.
This is the boy about whom you were asking me. [formal]
This is the boy (who) you were asking me about. [informal]
I like the car about which you were talking. [formal]
I like the car (which) you were talking about. [informal]
This is the building in which I've lived for three years. [formal]
This is the building (which) I've lived in for three years. [informal] (Este es el edificio en el que he vivido durante tres años.)
The man to whom he talked was the manager. [formal]
The man (who) he talked to was the manager. [informal] (El hombre con el que habló era el gerente.)
That nunca puede aparecer detrás de una preposición
Después de preposiciones empleamos whom para personas y which para cosas.
That & What
That & What
"what" equivale/se puede sustituir por "the thing that"
I didn’t know _____________________________ e-sports were until today.
A controller and a screen is all _____________________________ you need.
Show me _____________________________ you bought.
I believe _____________________________ he told me.
You're that smart banker _____________________________ killed his wife
The police usually ask for every detail _____________________________ helps identify the missing person.
I could get you a job here if that’s _____________________________ you want.
There are so many things _____________________________ can go wrong.
Dessert is all _____________________________ he wants.
That's the thing _____________________________ I was talking about.
That's _____________________________ I was talking about.
This is _____________________________ we need
This is just the thing _____________________________ we need.
Nothing _____________________________ you say will make me feel any better about losing my pet.
Have you seen _____________________________ someone’s written on the wall?
Don’t worry about _____________________________ other people think.
Activities
Activities
Which/Where for places
Which/Where for places
1. That city, ___________ is mostly famous for its fountains, is Rome.
2. Do you know the drawer ___________ your mother keeps her jewelry?
3. Vegas is the city ___________ I got married.
4. Paris, ___________ is one of the most desired destinations in the world, is the capital of France.
5. The university ___________ I got my education is Davis.
6. The bridge ___________ was damaged by the hurricane is being rebuilt now.
7. Do you still remember the restaurant ___________ we met?
8. This is the place ___________ the accident took place.
9. That’s the famous Egyptian Palace ___________ is known worldwide.
10. Have you visited the museum ___________ was once a church?
11. The factory ___________ was shut down two years ago is currently functioning.
12. Has anybody seen the box ___________ I put my tools?
13. The hotel ___________ I work is very close to my house.
14. Have you been to the café ___________ is run by my friend Andrew?
15. How can I go to the beach ___________ we used to hang out?
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