Third Conditional

✅ Uso: Se usa para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas en el pasado que no ocurrieron y expresar arrepentimiento.

✅ Estructura:
👉 If + pasado perfecto, would + have + participio

👉 Con modales: If + pasado perfecto, could/might/should + have + participio

• If you had studied, you would have passed the exam. (Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado el examen.)

• If she had left earlier, she could have caught the train. (Si hubiera salido antes, podría haber cogido el tren.)

Alternativas a "if":

• Unless → I wouldn’t have missed the flight unless I had overslept. (No habría perdido el vuelo a menos que me hubiera quedado dormido.)

• Even if → Even if I had known, I wouldn’t have told you. (Aunque lo hubiera sabido, no te lo habría dicho.)

Verbos modales en el Third Conditional:

• If you had called me, I would have helped you. (Certeza)

• If she had trained more, she could have won the race. (Posibilidad)

• If we had taken the other route, we might have arrived earlier. (Menor certeza)

• If they had listened, they should have avoided the problem. (Consejo / crítica)

Structure: If + past perfect, would/could/might/should + have + past participle

El tercer condicional hace referencia a situaciones imposibles o que no se pueden llevar a cabo por formar parte del pasado. 

If + Past Perfect Simple en la condición y would have + participio en el resultado. 

• If we had taken the car, we would have been stuck in a traffic jam. (=Si hubiéramos cogido el coche, habríamos estado retenidos en un atasco.)

WITH MODAL VERBS

Structure: If + past perfect, would/could/might/should + have + past participle

✅ Modals that work: would have, could have, might have, should have

🚫 Will have, shall have, must have are incorrect in third conditionals.

Examples:

• If you had studied, you would have passed. (Certain result)

• If she had left earlier, she could have caught the train. (Possibility)

• If I had known, I might have helped you. (Less certainty)

• If they had listened, they should have avoided the problem. (Obligation/advice)

• If you had exceeded the speed limit, you could / might have had an accident. (=Si hubieras sobrepasado el límite de velocidad, podrías haber tenido un accidente.)

• IF012 - If Clauses - Type 3 Intermediate

• IF010 - Type 3 Conditional Clauses Intermediate

• IF009 - Type 3 Conditional Clauses Intermediate