1. A friend of mine / a friend of Tom's 등
내 친구 또는 네 친구 등과 같은 표현은 "a friend of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs"와 같은 형식으로 표현합니다:
I'm going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of mine is getting married. (not a friend of me)
We went on a trip with some friends of ours. (not some friends of us)
Michael had an argument with a neighbor of his.
That was a good idea of yours to go swimming this afternoon.
Tom의 친구 또는 내 여동생의 친구 등은 "a friend of Tom's / of my sister's 등"으로 표현합니다:
It was a good idea of Tom's to go swimming.
That woman over there is a friend of my sister's.
2. Own을 활용한 표현
my own ... / your own ... 등 own 앞에는 my/your/his/her/its/our/their를 사용합니다:
my own house your own car her own room
(not an own house, an own car 등)
my own ... / your own ... 등과 같은 표현은 확실한 내 것/너의 것을 말합니다. 누군가와 공유하r고 있거나 빌려온 것에 대해서는 이 표현을 사용하지 않습니다:
I don't want to share a room with anybody. I want my own room.
Vicky and George would like to have their own house. (not an own house)
It's a shame that the apartment doesn't have its own parking space.
It's my own fault that I don't have any money. I buy too many things I don't need.
Why do you want to borrow my car? Why don't you use your own? (= your own car)
누군가를 시키지 않고 직접 했을 때 ... own ... 형식을 사용합니다:
Bill usually cuts his own hair.
(= he cuts it himself; he doesn't go to a barber)
I'd like to have a garden so that I could grow my own vegetables.
(= grow them myself instead of buying them in stores)
on my own / on your own 등은 독립적인 것을 의미합니다:
Are your children living on their own? (= living in their own place and supporting themselves)
Michelle traveled around Japan on her own. (= nobody helped her)
I can do that job on my own. (= I don't need anyone's help)
3. By myself / by your self 등
by myself / by yourself / by themselves 등은 "독자적으로, 혼자서"를 의미합니다:
"Did you go to Hawaii by yourself?" "No, I went with a friend."
Jack was sitting by himself in a corner of the café.
Student drivers are not allowed to drive by themselves.
by myself와 on my own은 정확히 같은 의미는 아닙니다:
I live by myself. (= I live alone.)
He lives on his own with a roommate. (= 독립적이지만 혼자는 아닌)
첫 번째 문장은 "나는 혼자 살아."라는 의미의 문장입니다. 여기서 by myself는 "혼자서, 독립적으로", 이런 의미를 가지고 있습니다. 반면 두 번째 문장은 "그는 룸메이트와 함께 자신의 힘으로 살고 있어."라는 의미로 자신의 힘으로 살아가고 있지만 홀로 살고 있다는 의미는 아닙니다.