1. Afraid to do와 afraid of doing
"I am afraid to do something"은 "나는 그것이 위험하거나 결과가 나쁠 수 있기 때문에 하고 싶지 않다"는 의미로 사용됩니다:
A lot of people are afraid to go out at night. (= they don't want to go out because it is dangerous - so they don't go out)
He was afraid to tell his parents about the broken window. (= he didn't want to tell them because he knew they would be angry)
"to + 부정사"는 "향후 할 것"에 대한 의미입니다. 그것을 하기에 걱정스러운 것이므로, 이 표현에는 주인공의 의도가 담겨 있습니다.
"I am afraid of something happening"은 "어떤 나쁜 일이 일어날 가능성이 있다는 것"을 이야기할 때 사용합니다:
The sidewalk was icy, so we walked very carefully. We were afraid of falling. (= it was possible that we would fall)
I don't like dogs. I'm always afraid of being bitten. (not afraid to be bitten)
이 표현은 의도를 가지고 하는 일에 대해서는 사용하지 않습니다.
위 두 가지 표현을 종합해보면 "afraid of something happening"의 결과 때문에 "afraid to do something" 하는 것입니다:
I was afraid to go near the dog because I was afraid of being bitten.
2. Interested in doing과 interested to do
"I'm interested in doing something"은 "그것을 하는 것에 대해 생각하고 있고 하고 싶다"는 의미로 사용됩니다:
I'm trying to sell my car, but nobody is interested in buying it. (not to buy)
interested to는 hear/see/know/read/learn 과 함께 자주 사용됩니다. "I was interested to hear it"은 "나는 그것을 들은 적이 있고 관심이 있다"는 의미로 사용됩니다:
I was interested to hear that Diane got a new job.
Ask George for his opinion. I would be interested to know what he thinks.
이 형식은 surprised to / delighted to 에도 적용됩니다(see unit 62c):
I was surprised to hear that Diane got a new job.
3. Sorry to do와 sorry for doing
Sorry to ...는 뭔가를 하거나 하기 직전에 사과하기 위해 사용합니다:
I'm sorry to bother you, but I need to talk to you.
sorry to hear/read 등은 동정심을 보이기 위하여 사용합니다(see unit 62c):
I was sorry to hear that Jessica lost her job. (= I was sorry when I heard)
sorry for (doing something)은 과거에 한 일을 사과할 때 사용합니다:
I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday. (not sorry to shout)
이 문장은 다음과 같이 표현할 수도 있습니다:
I'm sorry I shouted at you yesterday.
4. 기타 표현들