There … 과 It …

1. There 과 It의 일반 용법

There은 어떤 것에 대해 처음 이야기할 때 사용합니다. 이것은 "~이(가) 있다"라는 뜻으로 해석됩니다:

• • There's a new restaurant on Main Street. (not A new restaurant is on Main Street)

  • The trip took a long time. There was a lot of traffic. (not It was a lot of traffic)

  • Things are more expensive now. There has been a big increase in the cost of living.

It은 특정 대상, 장소, 사실, 상황 등을 지칭할 때 사용합니다:

• • We went to the new restaurant. It's very good. (it = the restaurant)

  • I wasn't expecting them to come. It (= that they came) was a complete surprise.

There과 it의 비교:

• • I don't like this town. There's nothing to do here. It's a boring place.

이 문장에서 there은 "여기서 할 일이 없다는 것"을 이야기하는 대명사이고, it은 this town을 지칭하는 대명사입니다.

There은 to/at/in that place 의 의미로 사용될 수 있습니다:

• • The new restaurant is very good. I went there (= to the restaurant) last night.

  • When we got to the party, there were already a lot of people there (= at the party).

2. 조동사와 함께하는 용법

1) There will be, there must be, there used to be 등

will/would/may/might/can/could/must 와 같은 조동사와 there + be 동사 구조를 사용하면, "~ 이(가) 있다"라는 표현을 다양화할 수 있습니다. 기본 의미는 "~ 이(가) 있다"입니다만, 여기에 조동사가 가지고 있는 느낌이 더해져 그 표현이 풍부해집니다:

• • Will there be many people at the party?

  • "Is there a flight to Miami this evening?" "There might be. I'll call the airport."

  • If people drove more carefully, there wouldn't be so many accidents.

There과 it의 비교:

• • They live on a busy street. There must be a lot of noise from the traffic.

  • They live on a busy main street. It must be very noisy.

  • There used to be a movie theater on Main Street, but it closed a few years ago.

  • That building is now a supermarket. It used to be a movie theater.

2) There is sure/certain/likely to be something

• • There is sure to be a flight to Miami this evening.

3. 가주어 it

It's dangerous to walk in the street. (It = to walk in the street)

"To walk in the street is dangerous."는 틀린 표현은 아니지만 잘 사용하지는 않습니다. 일반적으로 가주어 it을 사용하여 문장을 표현합니다:

• • It didn't take us long to get here. (It = to get here)

  • It's too bad (that) Sandra can't come to the party. (It = that Sandra can't come)

  • Let's go. It's not worth waiting any longer. (It = waiting any longer)

거리, 시간 그리고 날씨를 말할 때 it을 사용합니다: