No/none/any Nothing/nobody 등

1. No 와 none

no는 "not a" 또는 "not any"의 의미로 "no + 명사" 형식으로 사용합니다:

• • We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= there wasn't a bus)

  • I can't talk to you now. I have no time. (= I don't have any time)

  • There were no stores open. (= There weren't any stores open.)

"No + 명사"로 문장을 시작할 수 있습니다:

• • The plane was late. No reason was given for the delay.

None은 명사 없이 사용합니다:

• • "How much money do you have?" "None." (= no money)

  • All the tickets have been sold. There are none left. (= no tickets left)

또는 none of를 사용합니다:

• • This money is all yours. None of it is mine.

"none of + 복수 명사(none of students, none of them 등)" 뒤에는 복수, 단수 동사, 모두 올 수 있습니다.

• • None of the stores were (또는 was) open.

2. Nothing nobody / no one nowhere

이와 같은 부정을 의미하는 단어로 문장을 시작할 수 있습니다. 그리고 이 단어들은 질문에 대한 대답으로 홀로 사용할 수 있습니다:

• • Nobody came to visit me while I was in the hospital.

  • "What happened?" "Nothing."

  • "Where are you going?" "Nowhere. I'm staying here."

이 단어들은 동사 뒤에 사용될 수 있습니다. 특히 be 와 have 뒤에 많이 사용됩니다:

• • The house is empty. There's no one living there.

  • We had nothing to eat.

Nothing/nobody 등은 "not + anything/anybody" 등과 같습니다:

• • I didn't say anything. (= I said nothing.)

  • She didn't tell anybody about her plans. (= she told nobody)

  • The station isn't anywhere near here. (= is nowhere near here)

Nothing/nobody 등을 사용할 때는 부정 동사 (isn't, didn't 등)를 사용하면 안됩니다:

• • I said nothing. (not I didn't say nothing)

  • Nobody tells me anything. (not Nobody doesn't tell)

3. 관련된 표현

Any/anything/anybody 등은 "~라도 관계 없다 (it doesn't matter which/what/who)"는 의미로 사용할 수 있습니다. no- 와 any- 를 사용한 문장들을 비교해 보겠습니다:

• • There was no bus, so we walked home.

You can catch any bus. They all go downtown. (= it doesn't matter which)

• • "What do you want to eat?" "Nothing. I'm not hungry."

I'm so hungry, I could eat anything. (= it doesn't matter what)

• • The exam was extremely difficult. Nobody passed. (= everybody failed)

The exam was very easy. Anybody could have passed. (= it doesn't matter who)

Nobody / no one 뒤에는 they/them/their를 사용할 수 있습니다:

• • Nobody called, did they? (= did he or her)

  • The party was a disaster. No one enjoyed themselves. (= himself 또는 herself)

  • No one in the class did their homework. (= his 또는 her homework)