보통 아래 단어들과 함께 구 동사를 만듭니다:
in on up away around about over by
out off down back through along forward
put out / get on / take off / run away 등과 같이 표현할 수 있습니다. 이것을 구 동사라고 합니다.
동사(움직임을 의미함) + out/off/up 등:
get on
drive off
come back
turn around
The bus was full. We couldn't get on.
A woman got into the car and drove off.
Sally is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.
When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned around.
구 동사에서 두 번째 단어는 동사에 특별한 의미를 부여합니다:
break down
look out
take off
get up
get by
Sorry I'm late. The car broke down. (= the engine stopped working)
Look out! There's a car coming. (= be careful)
It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air)
I was very tired this morning. I couldn't get up. (= get out of bed)
My Japanese isn't very good, but it's enough to get by. (= to manage)
경우에 따라 구 동사 뒤에 전치사가 오기도 합니다:
경우에 따라 구 동사는 목적어를 갖습니다. 일반적으로 목적어의 위치는 두 곳이 가능합니다:
목적어 목적어
I turned off the light. or I turned the light off.
만일 목적어가 대명사이면, 그 위치는 다음 형식만 가능합니다:
I turned it off. (not I turned off it)
다음 예문들을 살펴 보세요:
Could you
fill out this form?
fill this form out?
but
They gave me a form and told me to fill it out. (not fill out it)
The police got into the house by
breaking down the door.
breaking the door down.
but
The door wasn't locked. Why did the police break it down? (not break down it)
I think I'll
throw away these newspapers.
throw these newspapers away.
but
Do you want these newspapers, or should I throw them away? (not throw away from)
Don't
wake up the baby.
wake the baby up.
but
The baby is asleep. Don't wake her up. (not wake up her)