The Effects of Mental Health on Indigenous youth
Juanito Vigil
Nambé pueblo
Juanito Vigil
Nambé pueblo
“Pueblo of Nambé Flag.” Infobase, Facts On File. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&iid=202372. Accessed 13 Sept. 2024.
Personal Photo, July 2024
Understanding the four capacities of self would be helpful in developing from bad Mental Health issues to good ones. In the Article Sharing One Skin by Jeanette Armstrong, Armstrong talks about her Okanagan community and how they include the four selves in their Okanagan Community. The four selves include Physical self, Emotional Self, Thinking-intellectual self, and Spiritual self. Physical self is when an individual has interactions with community members and continues to have these interactions, but they don't isolate themself from others. Emotional self is when a community member does not just involve themselves physically but also ties their well-being as a person to their traditions. Thinking-intellectual self is the spark in your mind that lights every time you do something you are passionate about, the spark lights every time you do that one thing. Spiritual self is a step to making your whole body conscious and connecting to your surroundings. That makes you your true self. “I fear that without my land and my people I am not alive. I am simply flesh waiting to die. (Armstrong 468)”
Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.
Personal photo, Oct 2024
Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. “Chaco Culture.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre, whc.unesco.org/en/list/353/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
Many people don’t know or understand how stories and memories are connected to our lands. In the article "How Place Names Impact the Way We See Our Landscape" by B. Tosie, Tosie explains how Indigenous people and other people see the lands differently. Indigenous people have ties to their land dating back hundreds of years and over time, they get to know the land as we grow with it. We take care of the land, we use the land for good and don't abuse but use them in the way they are supposed to. Other people see these lands as what the colonists changed them to. Once the names of these lands are changed, over time the stories will fade away and we will lose the true stories of the lands. One major thing that other people saw was the land as land that they could make money off of.
Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News: Know the West, 1 May 2022, https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact- the-way-we-see-landscape.
Schooling is a big subject when it comes to Native American education. In the article And Then I Went to School, Joe Suina talks about how his community gets stripped from him by the boarding schools. At first, education was good for Suina because he was able to be with his community while at school. Once Suina started getting older he was taught to stop being his true self and assimilate with the new world. Suina soon realized that he didn't want his Indigenous life anymore, instead he wanted American life. When Suina reunited with his family after being at the boarding school for a while, he remembered what it was like to be a community member. No matter how many times Suina went back and forward from home and school, he just wanted to be home and young once again.
Suina, Joseph “And I went to school” memories of a pueblo childhood,”. New Mexico Journal of Reading, Winter 1985, Vol. V, No.2.
Bhattar, Author Kala. “Native American Lands and Their Children: A History.” UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog, 18 Aug. 2023, sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2023/08/18/native-american-lands-and-their-children-a-history/.
“Impact of Historical Trauma.” The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, boardingschoolhealing.org/education/impact-of-historical-trauma/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
Some Mental health issues can be developed through past generations and get carried to new generations. The article Breathing the Air of Their Ancestors by Shawn Clark gives readers an insight into how Indigenous youth feel connected at school. I think this relates to my SHP topic because school is a major factor that affects the mental health of the youth, it could either be in a good or bad way. Especially when Clark stated, “ The lasting impacts of forcing Native American Children into boarding schools manifests in elevated dropout rates, poor academic achievements, and increased mental health struggles, (136)”. Being forced into school was hard for our ancestors, and the generations to see what they went through made many others not attend school.
Clark, Shawn. "Breathing the Air of Their Ancestors: The Influence of Ethnic-Racial Identity on School Connectedness for Native American Youths." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, vol. 10, no. 4, 2023, pp. 134-158. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/breathing-air-their-ancestors-influence-ethnic/docview/2907494363/se-2, doi:https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1652.
Surviving schools and Higher education
Coming back to schooling for Native Americans, it is one of the leading issues for bad mental health in the youth. In the article Survival Schools and Higher Education, the article says “Like many Indian youth Oakes and many others were caught in the transitions from tribal Identity to Indianness and become aware of the sad injustice done to American Indians, (3)”. Urbanization had a huge impact on tribes, their lands, and their populations. The land was getting sold, the people we getting removed from their traditions, and it was overall ruining tribes. The new generations are learning about urbanization and they think it is messed up to see what our ancestors went through and see them lose their culture and community.
Fixico, Donald. “Survival Schools and Higher Education.” The Urban Indian Experience in America, University of New Mexico Press, 2000. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=535830.
“Americanizing the Indian.” Teaching American History, 1 July 2024, teachingamericanhistory.org/document/americanizing-the-indian/.
Claire McCarthy, MD. “The Mental Health Crisis among Children and Teens: How Parents Can Help.” Harvard Health, 8 Mar. 2022, www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-mental-health-crisis-among-children-and-teens-how-parents-can-help-202203082700.
Suicide is a major problem in Indigenous communities. In the article Educational competencies that are endorsed by Indigenous Mental health experts related to the assessment of suicide by Kellylynn Zuni, she states “For instance, access to mental health care has been a known disparity for tribal communities, (16)”. This is most likely one of the main reasons why the youth choose to keep these factors of suicide locked inside and not want to share how they are feeling Mentally. Some things may happen to an individual that may be hard to handle on their own. It is important to seek help because it might save your life.
Zuni, Kellylynn. Educational Competencies (Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes) that Are Endorsed by Indigenous Mental Health Experts Related to the Assessment of Suicide, Palo Alto University, United States -- California, 2021. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/educational-competencies-knowledge-skills/docview/2638713969/se-2.
Today's Issue
Cultural Connectedness and Well-being for American Indian Adolescents By: Alessandra Angelino,
People have different ways of coping with Mental Health issues. In the Article Cultural Connectedness and Well-being for American Indian Adolescents by Alessandra Angelino, readers get a new perspective on Mental Health and the well-being of AI/AN. In the article Angelino states ¨Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, suicide rates for AI/AN youth were 3.5 times higher than the non-AI/AN youth population, with rates up to 7-12 times higher depending on tribal location.¨ When I first read this, I was surprised at how high the rates were now compared to how they were after a life-changing experience. It is harder for Native Americans to feel accepted because Native Americans had to fight for their land and their rights back after being stolen from them.
Angelino, A. C.,M.D.M.P.H., Bell, J., M.D., Bell, R., PhD., Lin, F., PhD., Qiu, H.,B.S.Mse, & Perry, M. F., M.D. (2024). Cultural connection and well-being for american indian adolescents. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research (Online), 31(1), 31-49.
A Positive Youth Development Perspective on Mental Distress Among AI/AN Youth By: Michael Rodriguez,
After reading the article “A Positive Youth Development Perspective on Mental Distress Among AI/AN Youth” by Micheal Rodriguez, I feel like I was able to understand more risk factors of Mental Distress. Rodriguez is not only researching what can negatively impact people's mental health but also how positively they develop from it. Rodriguez states “Cultural factors or assets, including cultural and ethnic identity, commitment to cultural/tribal spirituality, and belonging to one's own culture and value systems are associated with positive mental health and well-being and lower mental health and suicide ideation.” I agree because if someone doesn’t value themselves they will isolate themself and that could lead to thoughts that can harm your mental health.
Ersan, O., M.A., & Rodriguez, M. C., PhD. (2021). A POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE ON MENTAL DISTRESS AMONG AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE YOUTH. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research (Online), 28(2), 1-32.
Worldwide Problem
Mental Health problems can be developed in other countries around the world. In the article, “Youth are the experts! Youth Participatory Action Research to Address the Adolescent Mental Health Crisis” by Kimberly Smith, she tries to find the solution to the mental healht crisis of Latinx youth. In Smith’s study, she states “Latinx youth may also be less likely to receive mental health services due to cultural beliefs and responsibilities.” I would agree with this because it’s not common to be able to have good health care for Latinx communities. This could be a reson why the youth don’t tell their parents or guardians, because they might get lectured about how they “could be faking it”. The youth take part in surveys that let the youth express how they feel or tell their experiences with the struggle of mental health, because some have it better than others.
Smith, Kimberly E., et al. "Youth Are the Experts! Youth Participatory Action Research to Address the Adolescent Mental Health Crisis." Healthcare, vol. 12, no. 5, Mar. 2024. Gale Academic OneFile, dx.doi.org.sfis.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/healthcare12050592. Accessed 5 Feb. 2025.
The crisis continues in the United States and grows throughout each race. In the article, “Why American Has A Youth Mental Health Crisis, and How Schools Can Help” Matthew Stone talks about school experiences with mental health issues and how youth can develop mental health issues. Stone covers how going into high school during COVID took a toll on youths' mental health and how events that could have happened in the early stages of someone's education can affect them in the long run. It caught my attention when Stone stated, “The factor (Childhood Trauma) can lead to toxic stress, which affects the brain development and can put people at risk.”. I agree because anything traumatic could stay with that kid when they grow up. Any event can leave an imprint on kids, mental health, and make children feel things they haven't felt before. This makes them harder to deal with on your own.
Schools are the problem in some mental health cases, but in sub-Saharan Africa it's not their main problem. In the article, “In-School Adolescents, Loneliness, Social Support and Suicidal Ideation in Sub-Saharan Africa,” I was able to learn how they might deal with mental health is Africa. Researcher Richard Aboaye stated, “ Most of the in-school adolescents in the studied countries do not feel hungry, were not anxious, did not use cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, or tobacco.” I liked that instead of drinking their thoughts away or using substances, they decide to surround themselves with peers. They have also stated that the adolescents who experience loneliness are more likely to experience suicidal ideation. Some of these adolescents don’t have family, and therefore they feel like they're alone
Action Plan #1
Action Plan #2