" Sharing One Skin " -Jeannette Armstrong

In this article, "Sharing One Skin, by Armstrong it talks about 4 selves of the Okanagan people which goes into description of how or why it is a part of the Okanagan  people and it teaches us how the Okanagan people think and how their culture is built the way they have it now. This article is very informative and educational on the Okanagan people and their culture.

Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

" How Place Names Impact The Way We See Landscape " -B. Toastie

The memories and stories that we have connected to our Sacred lands and the different meanings is what this article helped us realize because this is what this article talks about how many places on our reservation have many stories that are where we came from and how we developed to where we are at now.

Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News:    Know the West, 1 May 2022, https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact- the-way-we-see-landscape.

" And Then I Went To School " -Joe Suina

In this article "And Then I Went To School" by Joe Suina summarizes how his life was before and after the white-men were trying to change Native Americans traditions and practices. Joe Suina tells how they were disciplined for talking their native language which the white men did not like when they did that because they were trying to make native americans more presentable. 

Suina, Joseph “And I went to school” memories of a pueblo childhood,”. New Mexico Journal of Reading, Winter 1985, Vol. V, No.2.

"History of Alcoholism Among Native Americans" -Leslie V, Tischauser

In the Article "History of Alcoholism Among Native Americans" by Leslie V, Tischauser talks about many important dates such as 1834, and 1953.  During 1834 there was a trade which prohibited the sales of Alcohol and in 1953 it talks about Alcohol being illegal on Tribal land. This article also states the different laws or acts that were set during these times. One important quote I found was "A 1985 study reported that one third of all Indian Deaths were related to Alcohol- three times as many as the U.S. average." I think all of this is important because it is about our people's wellbeing and health.

History of alcoholism among Native Americans. Tischauser, Leslie V. “History of Alcoholism among Native Americans.” Salem Press Encyclopedia, Apr. 2023. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=25c714cf-a046-3515-8eef-cfd634b7b07a.

"Indian Horse" -Stephen Campanelli

The movie "Indian Horse" by Stephen Campanelli shows the main important details while being sent away or taken from the white men to send them to boarding schools "I never saw my parents again and I still don't know what happened to them", but the movie also showed ways the kids coped with things and Saul said "The rink became my escape, the ice; my obsession, the game; my survival." They all had different ways to cope or deal with everything they were going through.

Campanelli, Stephen, director. Indian Horse. Screen Siren Pictures Inc., Devonshire Productions. https://www.indianhorse.ca/en/film

"Native American Boarding Schools and Assimilation" -Liz Sonneborn

While reading the article "Native American Boarding Schools and Assimilation" by  Liz Sonneborn it talked about many ways the kids were tortured but also talked about all the rules that the kids had to follow which were created by the Institutions. In many cases it shows and talks about how kids were malnourished and not treated the best. "It revealed that students were malnourished, overworked, and abused at these institutions, all while receiving a substandard education" none of these kids were treated correctly.

Sonneborn, Liz. “Overview: Native American Boarding Schools and Assimilation.” Native American Boarding Schools and Assimilation, Facts On File, 2022. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=643652.

"As Fentanyl Use Spikes, Feds Urge States to Ease Methadone Rules"- Christine Vestal

In the Article "As Fentanyl Use Spikes, Feds Urge States to Ease Methadone Rules" by Christine Vestal described how the rules changed the treatments people were getting but also talked about the growth in methadone use but also how much deaths have occurred ever since ever since Fentanyl was in the Illicit Drug Supply. "The number of overdose deaths from all opioids' spiked nearly 60% between January 2020, and 2021 according to the CDC" which proves how much people are overdosing.

(Gachupin Maisie, Personal Photo. January 12, 2025)

"Overdose deaths are rising among Black and Indigenous Americans"- Tim Henderson

In the Article "Overdose Deaths Are Rising Among Black and Indigenous Americans" by Tim Henderson discloses that the deaths by overdosing in Indigenous Americans and Blacks is surpassing the whites. This article gives you important rates and numbers of how much people have passed away by overdosing. A lot of this is happening because there is lack of funding in the Black and Native American communities where they cannot get the proper treatment or the proper medication to help those in need. 

"Alcohol and Drug Use Among the Hispanic Population"- American Addiction Centers

While reading the article “Alcohol and Drug use Among the Hispanic Population” by the American Addiction Centers I discovered the Hispanic’s population, Rates of Substance Abuse in different populations. The treatment options have different stats. Throughout the article I saw that they incorporated ideas for treatments. The treatment options would be adding bilingual or exclusively Spanish speaking activities, family structures, gender roles, personal relationships, respect, spiritually and religion. One important quote I found said “Some disparities in treatment that occur within the Hispanic community can be resolved through increased availability of culturally sensitive treatments”. This was an important quote because it explained how the treatments can affect the Hispanic communities. 

-Kaliszewski, Micheal. “Substance Abuse Statistics for Hispanic Americans.” American Addiction Centers, 21 November 2024, https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/addiction-statistics-demographics/hispanic-americans. Accessed 20 February 2025.

"Alcohol and Drug Use Among African Americans"- American Addiction Centers

The article “Alcohol and Drug Use Among African Americans” by American Addiction Centers briefly discusses all the topics of different drugs. But also talks about the population within African Americans. At the end of the article it shows different states where you can get help. It also describes a lot about how African Americans are more likely to need treatment for substance abuse. An important quote I got from the article was “Drug and Alcohol use in African Americans communities show significant differences from the rest of the population”. This quote was important to me because it showed the differences of these substances from the rest of the other populations.

-Kaliszewski, Michael. “Substance Abuse Statistics for African Americans.” American Addiction Centers, 21 November 2024, https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/addiction-statistics-demographics/african-americans. Accessed 20 February 2025.

"Alcohol and Drug Use Among Native Americans"- American Addiction Centers 

In this article “Alcohol and Drug use Among Native American” by American Addiction Centers gives you different risk factors of addiction and health. These risk factors are mainly affecting Native Americans. This article also includes ages that were taken in the 2018 NSDUH Survey. And it also mentions the limited access that Native Americans have to Health Care and Treatment options. One important quote I got from the article said 

“Unfortunately, many Native Americans have limited access to Substance Abuse services due to transportation issues, lack of Health Insurance, poverty, and a shortage of appropriate treatment options in their community”

-Kaliszewski, Michael. “Substance Abuse Statistics for Native Americans.” American Addiction Centers, https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/addiction-statistics-demographics/native-americans. Accessed 20 February 2025.