Alcoholic affects on pueblo families 

“Pueblo of Ohkay Owingeh Flag.” Infobase, Facts On File. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index

aid=18626&itemid=WE43&iid=244850. Accessed 13 Sept. 2024

“San Carlos Apache Tribe Flag.” Infobase, Facts On File. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&iid=202430. Accessed 13 Sept. 2024

In the Armstrong article Jeanette talks about her Okanagan Community, and how the four selves are included in her community. She shares stories about how the four selves have created her community. By using the four selves “the Okanagan are able to teach that each person is born into a family and into a community.”  They have become aware that their most essential responsibility is to bond our whole individual and the communal land of their people.

Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

History 

The values of our land are important and there's many traumatic stories that occurred to Indigenous people. Our Native people use stories to tell our children so they can continue to build bonds,and ties with our land. We continue these stories to show what we believe in and where we come from. Colonials see our land as a place to build their empire, and create their money. Colonials take care of the land for a job, we continue to take care of  our land because it is our home.

Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News:    Know the West, 1 May 2022, https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact- the-way-we-see-landscape.

In “Alcoholism American Indians History” the article talks about how the Federal Government and even before that people wanted to get rid of Native people to control the land.The federal government would trade with native people in exchange for an addiction to the drug. Alcohol began to become banned from Indian reservations, because many of their people would be intoxicated when traditional religions would happen. The federal government wanted to sell alcohol to the Indian reservations, so they started creating “border towns” like Gallup,NM. “ Border Towns”were meant to circumvent the ban. It caused many more Natives to travel off the reservation to feed their addiction. Its outcome was binge drinking, diabetes, cirrhosis,etc. It has caused Native Americans to have a higher rate of dying alcoholism. “The stereotype of the “drunken Indian”was created because a large segment, if not the majority of Indians, were alcoholics”.

Ewen, Alexander, and Jeffrey Wollock. “Alcoholism, American Indians And.” Encyclopedia of the American Indian in the Twentieth Century, Facts On File, 2014. Modern World History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE53&articleId=358974.

The history of alcoholism among Native Americans, Natives were being sold alcohol illegally. In addition the Native people would use alcohol in traditional ceremonies and would sell their valuables just for alcohol. “  In 1975 major reservation problems began to occur”.The government put a stop to selling to Native people on tribal land, but got the tribal government to agree to selling it on native land. 

TISCHAUSER, L. V. History of alcoholism among Native Americans. 

Salem Press Encyclopedia, [s. l.], 2023. Disponível em: https://research-ebsco-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/linkprocessor/plink?id=25c714cf-a046-3515-8eef-cfd634b7b07a. Acesso em: 7 out. 2024.

In the overall article “ Review of Trauma and Substance use in AI/AN individuals”. The reason AI/AN drink so much is because of the trauma, and abuse they have experienced. The boarding schools caused a lot of abuse, and trauma to the children. Being stripped of their traditions caused SUD and PTSD. Physical abuse, sexual abuse,harsh punishments, tridition loss, and school attendance can make a huge impact on a person, especially  to Native people. “ Self medication is to cope with traumatic experiences from a young age”. PTSD and SUD, and other psychiatric disorders have caused Native people to self medicate, bring drink, etc. It has caused AI/AN to have a higher rate of getting addicted to alcohol. 

 HERRON, J. L.; VENNER, K. L. A Systematic Review of Trauma and Substance Use in American Indian and Alaska Native Individuals: Incorporating Cultural Considerations. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, [s. l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 603–632, 2023. DOI 10.1007/s40615-022-01250-5. Disponível em: https://research-ebsco-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/linkprocessor/plink?id=666338bd-247f-3a46-a805-f1352848ac0a. Acesso em: 7 out. 2024.

“Death of Dan Deer: The tragedy of indigenous trauma” by Felix Clary defines a tragedy that has happened in most pueblos/ communitie. The six out of 39 tribes have done something to better their communities by connecting to the 988 mental health life line. The article talks about how Native Americans have a higher rate of death, because of the high rates of suicide and substance abuse. Native Americans  have a high rate of liver disease, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. They also have  the highest rate of poor mental health which doesn't help when a person is drinking alcohol , or trying other substances. In the article it explains the cycle that Native Americans have from having an addiction to passing it on to children or other family members. 

Death of Dan Deer: The Tragedy of Indigenous Trauma, ictnews.org/news/death-of-dan-deer-the-tragedy-of-indigenous-trauma. Accessed 6 Mar. 2025.

“Which countries warn that Alcohol may cause cancer” by Eve Sampson overall talks about the warning label on alcohol bottles. Only some countries have the warning “alcohol beverage can cause cancer”. The countries with the warning labels are South Korea, their warning also includes that alcohol can cause liver cancer. Ireland is also one of the countries that has warning labels on alcohol bottles, and in the start of 2026 they will be adding that alcohol can cause fetal cancer.

Sampson, Eve. “Which Countries Warn That Alcohol May Cause Cancer?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 Jan. 2025, www.nytimes.com/2025/01/03/world/alcohol-cancer-warnings-countries.html#:~:text=A%20quarter%20of%20nations%20worldwide,a%20warning%20about%20liver%20cancer.

The article “Cancer connection”by BCRF overall talks about the different health issues that can come from drinking alcohol. Doctors and Researchers have found the alcohol can cause cancer, and can cause a high risk for women to have breast cancer. The article also talks about how alcohol can damage your DNA, and can cause effects to the body. It can prevent the body from repairing itself, because of too much intake.

Brown, Jessica. “Alcohol and Breast Cancer Risk.” Breast Cancer Research Foundation, 25 Feb. 2025, www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/alcohol-breast-cancer-risk/.