Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

In the article, “Sharing One Skin,” by Jeanette Armstrong she explained to her audience the four selves of the Okanagan People. The first one being the physical self, it is important because it is part of our well-being, it is one part of the whole self that depends on the parts of us that exist beyond the skin. The second part is the emotional self, this is what connects other parts of our larger selves around us. It forms bonds with particular aspects of our surroundings. Next we have the thinking-intellectual self, “the spark that ignites”. Other capacities we engage in when we take action are directed by the spark of memory once it is ignited. If you do not join the thinking capacity it can be destructive to ourselves. The last one is spiritual self, it is referred to as a part of both the individual being and of the larger self. This self requires a great quietness before our other parts can become conscious of it. 

Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News:    Know the West, 1 May 2022, https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact- the-way-we-see-landscape.

“How place names impact the way we see landscape” by B. Toastie talked about place identity. Place identity has different views on certain geographical areas. It is not only about who you are but about your community and the landscapes. This is a “social constructivist theory that is designed to shed light on our subjective perceptions of geography”. Landscapes are tied to many stories because of our ancestors and our elders. Elders carry the knowledge of these landscapes like how they got their titles or how they came about. 

Suina, Joseph “And I went to school” memories of a pueblo childhood,”. New Mexico Journal of Reading, Winter 1985, Vol. V, No.2.

“And then I went to school” by Joe Suina. Joe lived with his grandmother in a one bedroom pueblo home from the ages five to nine. This is where they spent most of their time together, she spent those years making Joe feel safe and secure. Everything was going good until she wanted him to attend boarding school. When he started school he automatically did not like it. He was not allowed to speak his language even though that was the only language he spoke and understood. He had no choice but to adjust to this new lifestyle feeling disconnected from his community. 

Frank W. Porter III talks about how Europeans thought they were the first ones to ever discover North America. They started to take advantage because to the colonizers we were just “wild indians”. They were doing this because they were unsympathetic and culturally biased. They tried to get rid of Natives by ignoring them until they disappeared, their other option was forcing them to leave their land. 

This article talks about change in the police force and their community. Police tasks are difficult to accomplish without the cooperation and assistance of the public. “In the early twenty-first century, some police watchers suggested that US police departments had changed more in the previous century”. Police officers have to grow relationships with members of the community to better understand their environment. 

This article explains the mental disorders some officers may develop such as anxiety, depression, psychological distress and psychiatric symptoms, and emotional exhaustion. Anxiety is due to the pressure that is put on officers during their shifts. Depression is caused by judgment and heavy workloads. Psychological distress and psychiatric symptoms are because of the long hours they have to work.  Emotional exhaustion is developed by the expectations they are expected to follow.  

This has been something that not only happens to police officers but to people in work forces similar to it. Understanding that officers gain mental disorders from their jobs can help them to consider getting the help they need. Due to the fact that some officers have to constantly interact with people in crisis, it can make them feel as if they are in one themselves. Officers gain these disorders due to feeling alone and feeling lack of support from peers and family members. 

Gun Violence is influenced by these main factors with women being the primary victims in domestic shootings. Despite these issues, traditional views on guns continue to dominate mainstream discussions. Addressing health equity and gender equality can lead to lasting peace. Gun violence intersects with mental health, crime, law enforcement, inequities, poverty, education, and cultural issues, which may explain why it remains under recognized by global health organizations. A new office led by Kamala Harris has been created to address gun violence focusing on laws to reduce harm and create long term solutions. 

The first investigation took place on Sept. 22 (year unknown) two months after the 1st report was received. Navajo PD set up three listening devices just to hear nothing. A second investigation was launched on Nov. 2 (year unknown). They wanted to start during the day to see if they could spot tracks but  they did not find anything unusual. There had been reports of animals being killed but nobody knew what the cause was so they took precautions. Everyone heard the howl and decided to follow it, they were lead to a cave with a dank animal smell, but there was no sign that anyone had been there. They noticed that there was no sign of wild life, not even birds chirping. when they decided to head back no one was talking about what they had just heard/discovered. The reports stopped coming in and the howling stopped as well. This lead to the case remaining a mystery but was explained as "the most unusual thing" they had ever done. Police deal with a lot of crime on reservations and even people hurting their community spiritually. It may be hard to solve things like this but they are still willing to try and put a stop to it 

Domestic violence us a common but often misunderstood crime that police frequently respond to. By learning about it, understanding best practices, and knowing available resourses, officers can better handle these cases with care and expertise. This article highlights key information officers need and the importance of having a clear domestic violence policy to support victims effectively.