Native Artifacts: Deterring Periodic Desecration
Native Artifacts: Deterring Periodic Desecration
Clarice Faith Talawepi
Hopi Tribe
“Hopi Tribe of Arizona Flag.” Infobase, Facts On File. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&iid=244822. Accessed 13 Sept. 2024.
Okanagan Family, 1990
In this article “Sharing One Skin,” by Jeanette Armstrong is a very meaningful and strong article. It shows detail one might not think of ourselves, it gives us humans a better understanding. It dives into the Okanagan people and what they believe in and how they see themselves. There are 4 selves according to the Okanagan people - Emotional self, thinking-intellectual self, and spiritual self. Then she talks about how those 4 selves connect to land and spirit. Jeanette Armstrong said “ A fire that is not controlled can destroy.”
In this article “ How Place Names Impact the Way We See Landscape” by B. Toastie it talks about how indigenous people see themselves and their connection with land. The author shares how the Diné view the land and the teachings that deal with the land. They also share stories and the words and meaning behind all. Later in the article it talks about the trauma and our disconnection to the land that the colonizers have caused.
Talawepi, Clarice "History through Nature", 2018
Carlisle Boarding School, pennsylvania, 1880
In the article “And Then I Went to School” by Joe Suina, Mr Suina talks about the differences between home and school. In the beginning it starts by him explaining how his life was at home in the Cochiti community. He was a little boy having fun and learning about his traditions. HIs grandma was a very traditional woman who participated a lot. Then he reached 6 years old and had to go to school. It was very different as he was told to leave his indian at home. He didn't enjoy his experience all his years at school. When he arrived back home after his years of being at school it didn't feel normal. He then realized he adapted the white man's way.
In this article “Native American Cultural Resources” by Bubor Vernon, it talks about all the different acts created to protect sacred and traditional lance as well as items. The first dates back all the way to the 1950s. There were 4 acts mentioned in this article that were created to help prevent the disrespect towards sacred land and items. Protection of sacred sites act, American Indian Religious Freedom Act, National Historic Preservation Act, NAGPRA. This article also states the situation of government to government relationships with the US government and tribal governments. It also mentions that tribal historic preservation officers had tried many times to protect sacred sites and items. Since the officers have all access to scared sites they have done everything in their power to let others know the meaning behind so others decide to respect.
"Hudson Trading with Native Americans" Library of congress, 1856
In this article “ Native American Contact with European Explorers” by Christopher Boucher, it talks about how the first European explorers contacted with native americans. It states that the Europeans did use the Native Americans clothing and items when they first arrived. Later on the Europeans did in fact take some items as a trade for alcohol. For example they took clothing, food, resources and more. It states that trust was not that strong and soon the Eurpeans would betray the Native Americans.
In this article “From West Africa to the World; The Significance of the Benin Bronzes” by Education, is about the controversy between British museums keeping the Benin Bronzes. The article starts off about the meanings of Benin Bronzes and that they are very important to the people of Nigeria. The Benin Bronzes were created for ancestral altars and rituals to honor the ancestors. It then talks about what was used to create the Benin Bronzes. The article explained which material stands for and their purpose. The article then moves along to the controversy behind everything of the British museums and the fight for their sacred Bronzes. The British museums have 900 artifacts from the historic kingdom of Benin and 100 of those is the Benin Bronzes. There are many different opinions as many think they should get them back and there are some who think its not the best option because Nigeria may not have the resources to keep them safe, and giving them back can increase the loss. Till this day the people of Nigeria are fighting for their artifacts back as they are very important to them. The article states “ the repatriation and restitution of cultural artifacts such as the Benin Bronzes are important for the restoration of justice but also the protection and preservation of cultural heritage.” The British museum needs to recognize that.
Ehikhamenor, Victor. “Give Us Back What Our Ancestors Made.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 29 Jan. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/opinion/looted-benin-bronzes.html.
News, APTN National. “Métis and Inuit Delegates Have Their Moment with Pope Francis.” APTN News, 28 Mar. 2022, www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/metis-and-inuit-delegates-vatican-city-pope-francis/.
After reading this article about the lack of repatriation in Vatican called “ Inuit leader says Vatican Museums are Open to Repatriating Indigenous Artifacts” by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, I learned how they handle matters, This article starts off with stating that many indigenous delegates had a meeting with the pope expressing the disappointment in Vatican Museums. These museums holds many Indigenous sacred items. These items include Kayak of Inuit, Residential school exhibit of canadian tribes, and Dene ceremonial sacred pipe. The article stated that Vatican museums worked with indigenous peoples to decides whats best for these items, although they disagreed saying that they wont allow these items to be displayed. So Natan Obed, president of Inuit Visited with father Nicola Mapeli asking for ways they can help repatriate and to work with indigenous peoples. A member from the Dene Nation Norman Yakeleya was very upset about the sacred pipes by stating these statements “ They can make plastic models if they want, but give us the real thing”, “ For Gods sake, give them back to our people.” In result the Vatican Museums made a statement saying “prefer not to respond”. Father Mapelil seems to be the only one to try and help repatriate the items back to the communities.
“Sacred Artifacts Returned to Alberta's Blackfoot Community” By Greg Thomas is a very happy ending article. The article starts off with the history of how museums came into contact with Native American Artifacts. Thomas states that in May 2022 members of Alberta's Blackfoot Community traveled to a museum in Exeler, England. They want to have the belongings of chief Crowfoot back to the community as it is very sacred. Thomas writes a history of chief Crowfoot and who he was and what he did and why his belongings are so important to the community. The article ends with a happy ending with the museum happily returning the items with no argument or hesitation. In return the Blackfoot community made a beaded skirt to give the museum to put on display.
“Chief Crowfoots Artifacts Coming Home : Blackfoot Historical Park.” Canada Info, canada-info.ca/en/chief-crowfoots-artifacts-coming-home-blackfoot-historical-park/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2025.