Fourth graders will use strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between multiplication and division to solve multiplication problems (up to 4 digit by 1 digit and 2 digit by 2 digit) and division problems (up to 4 digit by 1 digit). Students will understand and solve multiplicative comparison equations and word problems. This knowledge will be applied to solve multi-step word problems involving all four operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), including those problems where the remainder must be interpreted. Students will represent these problems with equations using a letter to represent the unknown information and they will need to assess reasonableness using mental computation and estimation strategies, including rounding.
- Students will multiply a whole of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, area models, and/or partial products. (NBT.B.5)
- Students will find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models. (NBT.B.6)
- Students will interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison, e.g., interpret 35 = 5 x7 as a statement that 35 is 5 times as many as 7 and 7 times as many as 5. Represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as multiplication equations. (OA.A.1)
- Students will multiply or divide to solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem, distinguishing multiplicative comparison from additive comparison. (OA.A.2)
- Students will solve multistep (at least 3 steps) word problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding. (OA.A.3)