Pleurocybella porrigens
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyPleurocybella porrigens
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyProf. Roy Watling
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. campanula Records from Forth and Tay (S.Lodge, Kindrogan, 22 viii 1968).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. capula Single collection on dead herbaceous stems Records from Forth (on Urtica stems as C. laeta Dalmahoy, Midlothian, 6 x 1968) and Clyde (Cleghorn Glen & Falls of Clyde); also Arran on Urtica stems, Skye, Mull, Islay and Oronsay. In Stevenson from Tweed (Jedburgh collected by A. Jerdon) and in Add 8 Moray is added.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. cernua This could be the yellow form of C. capula or C. campanula, only further studies will decide if they are different. It is known from an early record from Cylde (Glasgow); see Ried & Austwick, 1963.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. gibbosa On Solanum tuberosum stems, Forres, 1879 by Rev. Keith as Cyphella gibbosa - Moray; see Stevenson Add. 1. Although the habitat is more like that of Cellypha goldbachii. A collection on Juncus from Tobermory, Mull 18 v 1968 with pip-shaped basidiospores 5-6 x 3µm and labelled Cyphella pumila may belong here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. acervata On conifer wood, Moray (Glen Einich, Aviemore, 10 ix 1959; Abernethy, 30 viii 1969; Glen Affric, 3 ix 1957; Rothiemurchus, 10 ix 1957; Curr Wd., 26 viii 2005; Loch an Eilean, 22 viii 2005), Forth (unsubstantiated record Lothians), Tweed (Dawyck), Tay (Camghouran, Rannoch, 22 x 1967) and Dee (Inverey, 22 ix 2001); in roadside grass Harris (see below under C. erythryopus ) and on Skye. In Stevenson recorded for Clyde (Loch Lomond & Inverary, collected by Miss G.E.Johnstone, x 1821) and in Add 8 Moray added.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. alpina Not uncommon in montane communities amongst Calluna, Empetrum etc. Records from the central massive mainland Scotland, incl. Dee (Cairnwell, 12 ix 1978 & 15 viii 1987), Moray (Tom a’ chorinal, head of Glen Affric, 7 ix 1988), Tay (with Salix herbacea Meall Ghaordie, 905m., 2 ix 2003 & 879m., 18 ix 2003) and Ross (with same host on Beinn Eighe, 855m). On Sandness Hill, Shetland, Yesnaby, Sandwick and Ward Hill, Orkney. Material cited in Vigalys & Miller Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.xxxx
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. aquosa Recently re-defined; see Vigalys & Miller unbder C. alpina. Known from Forth (Sheep path Glen, East Lothian, 17 viii 1996), Tay (Struan, 6 ix 1982 - cited by Vigalys, Kindrogan, & Glen Clova, 21vi 1997), Tweed (Dawyck, 16 vi 1997 thru’ 5 viii 2000), Moray (Tullochgrue, Aviemore; Glemnore Forest Pk., 22 viii 2005) and Argylle (Glen Lochy, 1 vii 2001).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. dryophila Russet Toughshank Common and widespread in both woodland and on heathland and known from Sutherland (slopes of Ben Hope, 16 vii 1988; with Juniperus, Dryas & Salix repens, Druim Chubhu; see Savage Field Mycol. 9; with Salix repens Farr Bay, Bettyhill, 21 ix 1984; Loch Assynt, Balfour-Browne, 1951), Ross (Applecross, under bracken, Dennis 1948), Tay (Glen Fincastle, 366m., 14 vii 1968; Meall Ghaordie, 890m., 18 ix 2003 & Creagg Magaidh, 994m., 4 ix 2003; Struan, 6 ix 1982 & 22 ix 1983, Loch Bog, 20 viii 1974, Kindrogan, 4 ix 1982 thru’ 6 ix 1989, Black Spout Wd. Pitlochry, 9 ix 1984, Ben Lawers, 670m., 2 vii 1956 & 549m., 15 vi 1958, Camghouran, 17 vi 1970 & Dall, 17 vii 1970 both Rannoch; Tentsmuir, 10 vi 1976), Tweed (Dawyck, 5 viii 2000 thru’ 26 vii 2003, Bowhill, 9 viii 1986), Argylle (Glen Coe,13 vii 1988; Glen Lui, 20 vi 1965 & Glen Orchy, 6 vii 1985), Moray (Culbin Sands, 24 viii 2005; Granton on Spey, 26 viii 2005; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Uath Lochan, 24 viii 2005; Ghlas Maol, 20 vii 1965 - coffee-coloured form, Cairngorm, 10 ix 1984; Glen Affric, 25 vi 1957, Aviemore, ix 1938, Rothiemurchus, 9 ix 1958 &13 vi 1970), and sites in Clyde (Falls of Clyde, Chatelherault, Cleghorn Glen), Dee (Cairnwell, 21 viii 1972 & 23 viii 1978, Ghlas Allt, Invercauld, Morrone Wd., Braemar, 7 ix 1982), Ross (Loch Torridon, Dennis 1955), Argyll (Loch Fynn, 23 v 1963) and Forth (Doune, 11 vi 1989; Edinburgh incl. record from bank on Pond, RBGdn by Sadler dated 28 xi 1857, Moss Wood, Fife, 2 vii 1978). Recorded from S.Uist, Skye, Rhum. Mull, Arran and Colonsay. In plantation Hoy and N.Walls, with Salix aurita Hobbister and Salix herbacea N. Hoy, Orkney, many sites in Shetland including Foula, amongst Arctostaphylos, Muckle Roe and Fair Isle; A collection from Blackcraig nr. Blairgowrie has been taken as typical by Vigalys. 2 collections by Klotzsch as Ag. dryophilus from Canmore, ix.1830 in E. In Stevenson noted from all Watersheds except Sutherland, Moray & Argylle. In this publication recorded also as Ag. nummularius from Hunter Hill, Glamis with description and as Ag. exsculptus (as exculptus in Stevenson ) from Glamis - all Tay. Solway added in Add. 8. A collection from Morrone Wd., Braemar, 7 ix 1982 - Dee in E examined by Vigalys is apparently an unrecognized taxon; see ‘coffee coloured’ form from Moray above. A collection from cracks in the bark of a Quercus, Vogrie 7 x 2006 agrees with C. extuberans s. B & K. Host to Spinellus fusiger Tweed (Dawyck, 5 viii 2000).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. erythropus Redleg Toughshank Under Fagus, Clyde (Falls of Clyde & Loch Lomond, 12 vi 1976), Tay (Balquihidder, 24 vi 1967) and from Forth. In Stevenson Add. 9 recorded for Moray. Collections of C. acervata recorded in roadside grass (Harris) q.v. probably belong here. There has been much confusion with this fungus, so much so that although the problem has been generally recognized different authors have solved the problem by proposing different new names; also known as C. marasmioides, C. kuehneriana and C. bresadolae.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. fagiphila Single record for Tweed (Dawyck, on Fagus stump, )
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. fuscopurpurea On stumps and fallen trunks, especially of Fagus. Single record from Forth, Tay (Kindrogan, 20 ix 1979 & Glen Lyon, 30 ix 1961) and Moray (Glen Affric, 1 ix 1957) but records on conifer trunks require further examination from confusion with C. acervata q.v. Also recorded under Marasmius fusco-purpureus for Tay and Moray in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. ocior On Mainalnd Scotland including Ross (Shieldaig, Dennis , 1948), Tweed (Dawyck, 5 viii 2000) and Moray (Abernethy, 5-6 ix 1995). Recorded under the synonym Collybia luteifolia for Shetland, Muckle Roe with Arctostaphylos. Collection in E under Ag. xanthopus from ‘In pinetis Kerrimuir’ made by Klotzsch in vii.1830- some notes to be deciphered added
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. oreadiformis Single collections from Moray (Plodda Falls, Glen Affric 22 viii 1955) and Clyde (Balloch Park). First British record from Clyde. In leaf litter, Colonsay. There remains some mystery about this fungus and exsiccata should be re-eamined in the light of new investigations.
TFTaDM?SSoCAR C. succinea Recorded with description for Glamis - Tay in Stevenson. Possible record from Moray (Abernethy, 26 viii 1968).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. confluens Clustered Toughshank Very common often in huge troops or rings amongst leaf litter in frondose and mixeed woodlands; often occurring as early as early summer. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, 24 ix 2001 & 29 ix 2002, Hirsel, Berwickshire, 16 viii 1986), Tay (Kindrogan, Tentsmuir, 10 x 1971), several sites in Clyde (Upper Clyde Valley, Falls of Clyde, Younger BGdn., Dunoon, 29 ix 1971), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Moray (Aviemore, ix 1938; Culbin Forest, 25 viii 2005; Granton on Spey, 26 viii 2005) and Forth (Dalkeith, 26 viii 1990, Carberry Tower, Eskbank, 29 x 1989, Silverburn, 23 ix 1983). Also known from Lewis, Skye, Arran and Mull. Records in Stevenson lacking from Sutherland, Solway, Argylle and Ross. Records include single noted in Tay as Ag. ingratus. Three collections made by Klotzsch in E labelled Kinnordy, ‘ Grounds of Charles Lyell Esq.’ near Kerrimuir Sept. 1830.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. peronata Wood Woolyfoot Common and widespread in frondose woods amongst leaf litter. Known from several sites in Moray (Aviemore, ix 1938), Clyde (Upper Clyde Valley, Pollock, 30 ix 1973 & Torrinch, Loch Lomond, 6 x 1973), Tweed (Dawyck, 14 ix 1994 & 4 x 1999), Tay (Kindrogan & Inver, 27 ix 1975) and Forth (Dollar, 18 x 1987 & Mortonhall Edinb., viii 1844 & x 1898). Also from Mull, Arran and Colonsay, on wet grown Binscarth, Orkney. Also Klotzsch material in E from ‘near Glasgow, June to Oct. 1830’. In Stevenson under Ag. (Marasmius) and noted from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray and Clyde and a slightly less distribution under the name Ag (Marasmius) urens. In Add 8 added for Solway. An old record from the Bass Rock in the Forth Estuary, dated 23 vi 1827 is in E. In earlier days called the Spatter Foot mushroom.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. polygramma Undoubtedly introduced with planting material. Known only from Forth (in Cycad and Orchid House, RBGdn., Edinb., v.1988, vi.1989, & 2000).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. putilla In litter in pine-woods. Known from Forth (Balerno, 11 x 1954) and Moray (Inchreaich, 3 ix 1960 & Loch an Eilean, 25 viii 1961). See Orton in Notes Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb. based on Scottish collections
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. tergina On Betula leaves in mixed northern woods, usually with pine. Known only from Moray (Rothiemurchus 5 ix 1957 & ix 1960) and Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 9 xi 1976).
Collybia stevensonii Described from Glamis Park in old pasture but has not been collected again. It should be fairly easily recognized as it has a viscid, pallid yellow pileus and broad white, adnate gills with a decurrent tooth. It is said to be close to Ag. ventricosus, which has been suggested by Pearson and Dennis as being a form of Xerula radicata. This is a distinct possiblility. Other suggestions are Strobilurus; Cooke’s illustration supports this idea..
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. edodes Shiitake or Black Forest mushroom. It is used in Chinese cuisine in Scotland. Not native but widely available fresh in supermarkets having been imported although there is small-scale cultivation in Aberdeenshire, e.g. Ann Miller mushroom products. Some experiments have also been carried out to see if this species can be commercially grown on native cut poles.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. porrigens Angel’s Wings Common on conifer trash. Material from Ross (Shieldag Dennis 1948), Tay (Blair Atholl, 16 ix 1980; Black Wd., Rannoch 24 ix 1983; Kindrogan), Moray (Rothiemurchus 30 viii 1955 thru’ 23 ix 1956; Aviemore ix 1938; Loch an Eilean 30 v 1955 & 22 viii 2005; Plodda Falls, 2 ix 1957 & Badger Falls 20 ix 1956 both Glen Affric; Uath Lochan & Creag Far-Leitre 24 viii 2005; Abernethy 25 viii 2005; Granton on Spey, 26 viii 2005), Clyde (Younger BGdn., 28 & 30 ix 1971), Tweed (Peebles 20 ix 1999), Forth (Arniston, 18 ix 2004) and Ross (Beinn Eighe 29 ix 1955 and 20 ix 1956, the latter on buried wood in Sphagnum). Also records from Arran, Mull, Lewis, Rassay, Skye and Kintyre. In Stevenson recorded from Tay, Dee, Clyde and Ross and in Add. ?? from Moray. Collected in the Borders and sold for human consumption.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. butyracea Butter Cap In mixed and frondose woodland, amongst leaf litter; common and widespread. Several modern records from Forth (Swanston Wood, Edinb., Gifford & Gladhouse), Tweed (Dawyck & Bowhill ), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Ross (Loch Torridon Dennis, 1955), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 22 viii 2005),Clyde (Falls of Clyde, Cleghorn Glen and L. Nethan ), Dee (Inverey) and Tay (Acharon, Loch Tay & St Andrews). Collybia asema is considered a variety of C. butyracea, although it is very different in colouration of the basidiomes and is in fact probably more common in many areas than type variety. Records are mixed although they are available for Forth (Lothians), Tweed (Dawyck) and Clyde (Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde, L. Lethan & Cleghorn Glen). Known from Arran, Skye, Rhum, Mull and Colonsay. Records wanting in Stevenson for Solway, Argylle and Sutherland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. distorta In conifer woodland. Recorded from Forth (Lothians, and Ladybank Park, Fife, 30 x 2001), Tay (Black Craig nr. Blairgowrie, 1 ix 1980, Inver, 22 ix 1975 & Black Wd., Rannoch, 1 x 1961 & 21 ix 1968), Moray (Glen Affric, 14 ix 1956, Rothiemurchus, 7 ix 1960 & Aviemore, ix 1938), Argylle (Inverpolly Reserve, viii 1982) and Dee (Dinnett, 24 ix 1962).
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. maculata Spotted Toughshank Common and widespread often in deep litter under Fagus. Better known in Collybia with records from Ross (Applecross, Dennis, 1948),Clyde(Falls of Clyde & Chatelherault, Loch Lomond, 13 x 1975), Tweed (Dawyck), Tay (Kindrogan & Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, 23 viii 1953) and Forth (Pencaitland and Saltoun, x 1938 & 8 ix 1990, Clackmannanshire (NT 023 944), 18 x 1987, Dollar, 14 x 1987, Yelts of Muckhart, 12 x 1987 & Menstrie, 11 x 1987), Moray (Drumguish Pinewood, Loch an Eilean, Culbin Forest, Granton on Spey, Glenmore Lodge, Curr Wd., Coylum Bridge & Uath Lochan 20-26 viii 2005; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Aviemore, ix 1938 & Nairn, 17 ix 1995) and Dee (Durris Forest, 6 ix 1971). Known from Arran, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay and Jura; also Eday and N. Hoy, Orkney. Also occurs in sand dunes Tay (Tentsmiur, 10 x 1971 & St Andrews, 29 iii 1954) and Moray (Culbin, 8 ix 1975) and amongst Calluna Dee (Forvie Sands) and in heathland amongst lichens Dee (Cairnwell, 8 ix 1984) and Salix herbacea beds Moray (Loch Ericht, viii 1991). Stevenson records are lacking for Sutherland, Solway, Argyle and Ross, although in Add. 8 Solway added. A large form has been called C. fodiens; known from Rothiemurchus 12 ix 1885! An old unlocalized collection in E labelled Ag. carnosus Curt. belongs here judging from the plate in Sowerby depicting this fungus. A form with yellow gills has been collected in Dee (Inverey, 4 ix 1997).
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. prolixa On conifer debris often in remnant Caledonian pine woods. Known from Moray (Abernethy, 6 ix 1992, Coylum Bridge, 10 ix 1984, Lower Tullochgrue, Aviemore, 12 ix 1957) and Dee (Dinnett, 29 ix 1962).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. fusipes Spindle Toughshank On Quercus stumps in remnants of ancient oak forest. Known from Forth (Roslin, 3 x 1978 & Dalkeith, 26 viii 1990), Ross (Ardnamurcan), Clyde (Chatelherault) and Tay (Black Spout Wood, Pitlochry, 9 ix 1984 & 21 viii 1995). Reported from Tay and Dee by Stevenson and as var. oedematopus for Tay in Add. 9. A collection by Klotzsch ‘August.1830’ from Kinnordy in E. Not known from the Western or Northern Islands.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. catinus A collection intermediate between C. gibba and C. catinus has been found with Salix herbacea in Dee (Cairnwell, 27 ix 1983; poss. same 31 viii 1998).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. costata Known from Tweed (Dawyck, under Fagus, 30 vii 2009), Forth (Vogrie Pk., Dalkeith, 8 ix 2001). As C. trulliformis painting in Corner’s personnel files from Moray (Coylum Bridge in thick grass amongst heath under Pinus sylvestris 15 ix 1927).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. frysica This is C. sericella of recent texts. As the latter amongst Dryas, Salix herbacea & S. reticulata Moray (Ben Alder, probably summer 1998). This is said to be the same as C. subalutacea. Material from Scotland labelled the former is in K.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. fuscosquamula Very poorly known in the British Isles although specimens from Moray (Aviemore) in K.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. geotropa Trooping Funnel In frondose woodlands. Recent records from Tweed (Grantshouse, 3 x 2005 & 1 xi 2005), Clyde (Chatelherault), Tay (Glen Dochart, 29 vi 2008) and Forth (Roslin 7 x 2006; Vogrie 6 x 2006). In Stevenson noted for Tweed, Forth, Tay and Moray. As Ag. gilvus in E. and as a record in Add. 1 from Clyde.
Records for Ag. maximus also belong here. var. maxima from Forth (Penicuik x 1869; Hopetoun Hse, South Queensferry, 1 xi 2009). Material purporting to be this variety is now sold at delicatescants but although sterile would agree more with a Pleurotus of the P. tuber-regium grp.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. gibba Common Funnel Widespread; in open woodlands and at woodland margins including coniferous sites and rough pasture, even in montane pastures. Known from Clyde (Chatelherault and Falls of Clyde), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 11 ix 1957; Aviemore, ix 1938; Insh Marshes, under Populus, 23 viii 2005; Creag Dubh, under Betula, 23 viii 2005), Tay (Pitlochry, 22 ix 1961; Ben Vrackie in base rich flush, 22 ix 1987, Moulin, 7 vii 1990 & Inver, 27 ix 1957), Sutherland (with Juniperus, Dryas & Salix repens Druim Chubhu see Savage Field Mycol. 9) and Forth (Largo, viii 1939). Apparently absent from the Hebridean and Northern islands. Better known as Cl. infundibuliformis and so called in Stevenson where it is known from Argylle & Dee and only Sutherland and Solway absent from the distribution, although the latter was added in Add 8. Material as Ag. gibbus bb fuliginosus by Klotzsch from Pruimore Oct. 1830 in E and which is labelled by another hand C.caccabus. Thi species is generally taken as a bistre-cinder coloured form of C. gibba found in conifer woods which would agree with ‘fuliginosus’. It is not considered distinct enough for specific rank. Another interpretation is Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis but it is clearly not this species.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. glareosa Collections from Forth (High Wd., Edinburgh, 24 x 1965; also Gifford 2009) agreed with Bresadola’s interpretation of Clitocybe flaccida which may belong here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. paralis Single record from Forth. More data required
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. pruinosa Known only from Forth (in pot of Veronica purchased in Garden centre Edinburgh, 27-30 iii 1998). Also known as C. radicellata. See Mycologist.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. sinopica In woodland. Records from Solway (Grey Mare’s Tail, 28 v 1986), Tweed (Hay Lodge Pk, Peebles ) and Tay (Rannoch, 20 viii 1966, Dall, Rannoch, 1vi 1967 thru’ 6 vi 1968; Alyth Gorge, 1 v 1977, Pitlochry, 14 vii 1965) and Moray (Abernethy, 4 ix 1983).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. squamulosa This is C. sinopicoides for which single collections are known in short turf by sea from Vasteray and a collection from Moray (under conifers at Loch an Eilean).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. vermicularis Noted from Moray (Chapelton Wd., Forres) by Rev. J. Keith in Stevenson Add 9. Single recent record in sense of Bresadola from Forth (Aberlady, 5 x 1963) probably refers to this species.
TFTaDMSSoCAR ? C. phaeophthalma Chick Run Funnel In frondose woodlands. Single record from Mainland, Orkney as C. hydrogramma but requires reassessment. This species has been placed in the genus Singerocybe in virtue of the rounded cells in the pilepellis.
Note: Ag. (Clitocybe) sadleri is a sterile form of Hypholoma fasciculare (Strophariaceae) q.v.and described from RBGdn., Edinb. during 1877 & 1878.
Nomen prov. In E include:-
C. clusiloides Orton nomen prov. Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 22 & 28 x 1961 & 9 x 1965; Loch Rannoch, 7 x 1964)
C. lentipes Orton nomen prov. Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 12 x 1979 & 9 xi 1978).
Several unidentified collections of Clitocybe spp. from montane communities of Arctostaphylos Moray (Braeriach, 762m.) and of Salix herbacea Ross (Applecross, 733m.) and Dee (Cairnwell) are deposited in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. eruciformis Records on marsh plants from Rhum (as Cyphella sp.) and Gigha on Phormium tenax. Formerly placed in Lachnella.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. mairei On decaying stems of Blechnum spicant and described as Lachnella morlichensis from material from Moray (Loch Morlich near Aviemore,10 ix 1937) - but the date in the type description is surely wrong. Check at K 1957 not 1937.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. scabellus Hairy Parachute on dead culms of grasses; widespread but not often recorded. Recent records from Forth (Inverleith Tennis courts, Edinb., 11 xi 1976), Tweed (Selkirk, 2 viii 1973), Tay (St Andrews sand dunes) and Moray (Nairn) and also known from St Kilda and Rhum. In Stevenson listed as from Forth, Tay and Moray as Ag. stipitarius and for Tweed in Add. 4. Typical material but unlocalised, old specimens in E labelled ‘on walls about Edinburgh. Common’ are in E; possibly of Greville origin. It may be the species listed as Ag. ocellatus Glamis -Tay is referrable here if one follows the concept from material illustrated by M.C.Cooke (Pl.209(147)); see under Collybia (Microcollybia) cirrhata. Records in Stevenson are also found under Marasmius caulicinalis for Tay (Fern, Rev. J. Ferguson). Ag. (Naucoria) graminicola is generally taken as a synonym and recorded in Stevenson from Glamis Den - Tay but his description sounds very different. In fact Stevenson says ‘My specimens have confirmed the opinion that it is a true Inocybe’ but in fact the specimen in K is of Psilocybe inquilina fide Reid & Austwick, 1963 q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. candidus Collections only from Forth (Gorebridge, 4 viii 2002) and Moray (Badger Falls, Glen Affric, on dead Molinia leaves, 24 viii 1955).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. ramealis On dead twigs, especially old canes of Bramble (Rubus fructicosus agg.). Recent records from Forth (Doune Ponds, 14 viii 1991), Moray (Loch an Eilean, Aviemore, on Juniperus communis debris, 11 ix 1957), Tay (Black Spout Wd., Pitlochry, 1 ix 1985), Dee (Braemar, on Betula, 29 ix 1963) and Clyde (Chatelherault, Jock’s Gill & Cleghorn Glen; Linn. Pk , Glasgow on bark, 4 x 1987). Also records from Mull, Colonsay, Binscarth, Orkney and Arran. Possibly better known as Maramius ramealis. Stevenson recorded it from Forth, Clyde, Tay, Tweed, Moray and Ross. Includes records of M. amadelphus with a single record on dead branches from Tay (Killin, 1876) in Stevenson. Recorded in Add. 8 from Solway.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. vaillantii Goblet Parachute Recorded on small, twiggy debris often Fagus twigs. Probably better known as M. calopus. Known from Tay (Loch of the Lowes, 15 viii 1973 & 21 viii 1978), Forth (Gladhouse Res., near Gifford, 7 xi 1938; Hermand Wd., West Lothian 2 viii 2009), Tweed (Dawyck 15 viii 2008), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Dee (Dunecht, 17 viii 1964), Moray (Culbin Forest, 19 viii 1964; Abernethy, 10 x 1995) and Argylle (Morven); also records from Islay and Arran. Marasmius institius is poorly known and generally taken to represent the present species. In Stevenson collection under this name on decayed leaves form Tweed (Jedburgh collected by A.Jerdon).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. oreades Fairy Ring Champignon Very common from spring until autumn and often throughout the summer, on lawns, grassy road verges, fields and fixed dunes throughout Mianland Scotland and the Islands. Recent naterial from Tay (St Andrews x 1952 thru’ 10 viii 1980; Tentsmuir, 10 x 1971 & 10 x 1972), Forth (Silverknowes, Edinb., 23 ix 1989; Loch Leven, 3 vi 1972; RBGdn., Edinb., 31 iv 1972; Gullane, 13 v 1975; Aberlady, 5 x 1963 thru’ 1 vii 1971), Clyde (Loch Nethan), Tweed (Nr. Cove, 14 vi 1964; Dawyck). Also Northern and Western Islands. Records from as far afield as St Kilda, Mingulay, Bernary 30 vi 1979, Arran, Skye, Canna, Rhum, Mull, Islay, Oronsay, Jura, Tresnish Isles 5 vii 1968, Gigha, Orkney and Shetland. An old collection in E from Forth (Braid Hills dated July 1879) and unlocalized material in Menzies Herb. labelled Agaricus pratensis Huds. Also Klotzsch material from ‘Kinnordy Sept. 1830’ in E. Surprisingly not know to Stevenson from Sutherland, although recorded from evry other Watershed incl. Dee, Argylle, Ross, Solway and Moray. M. scorteus Stevenson indicates a single record from in grass among trees, Moncreiffe - Tay collected by Buchanan White. In description said to be similar to a small M. oreades which is the current interpretation.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. torquescens Amongst Quercus leaves. Single collection from Mull, 24 viii 1973 and in E an unlocalised collection as M. lupuletorum originating from Herb. St Andrews collected 30 ix 1956 by J. McDonald. Single record with description from Tay (Glamis, 1877) in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. wynnei Pearly Parachute Single recent record from Forth (Carberry Tower, nr. Edinb., under Fagus, 27 viii 2000) and in Stevenson from Tay (Fern collected on twigs by Rev. J. Ferguson).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. curreyi On grass stems of many different species. Recorded and known more widely as M. graminum. Record on cultivated Avena Solway (Kirkenvan, Wigtonshire, 26 viii 1943 - DAFS Record – and Eden Estuary, 20 10 1956). Records from on Holcus Mull and from Ward Hill, Orkney on Eriophorum 12 vii 1991. In Stevenson recorded for Tay, Dee and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. limosus On dead stems of Phragmites. Material from Tweed (Glentress, 7 iii 1999) and Moray (Loch Loy, 25 ix 1955).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. rotula Collared Parachute On small twigs sometimes of exotic species e.g Tilia americana and wood chips. Recent records from Tweed (Dawyck, 20 iv 2004), Clyde (several records from Mid-Clyde Valley), Moray (Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Insh Marshes, 23 viii 2005; Loch an eilean, Aviemore, 11 ix 1957; Aigas Centre, nr. Beauly, 8 viii 1985), Argylle (Arisaig, 8 viii 1967) and Forth (on Hypericum patulum, RBGdn. Edinb. 18 x 1964: Carberry Tower, Edinb., debris at base of Acer pseudoplatanus, 24 ix 2000; Pathhead, 4 x 2006; Hermitage, Edinb., 11 x 1967 ). Records from Lewis, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay, Islay and Shetland. In E old material from Penicuik Wd., x 1869, in addition to specimens from Foxhall, Edinburgh by Capt. Wauch in Greville Herb.- Forth. Also in E undoubted Klotzsch material labelled ‘ fung. common’. Recorded in Stevenson from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray, Solway and Clyde.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. hudsonii Holly Parachute On Ilex leaves. Recorded from Forth (Dalkeith, 1 2002 & 1 18 2004; also 20 xi 2006; Vogrie Co. Park, Dalkeith, 19 i 2008), Moray (Cluny Hill, Forres, xii 1954) and Tweed (Pressmenan Wd., 13 x 2007). Single record from Moray (Sluie) in Stevenson
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. epiphylloides On dead leaves of Hedera. Records from Forth (Craiglockhart Glen, 1 ii 2004; Limekilns, Fife, 7 xi 1983) and Clyde (Ballantyne, Falls of Clyde and L. Nethan). Also material in E in Herb. Greville from Foxhall, Edinb. collected by Capt. Wauch.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. epiphyllus Leaf Parachute On dead leaves. Known from Clyde (Cleghorn Glen), Tweed (Dawyck on Carex, 20 viii 2004), Moray (Glen Strathfarrer, on Alnus leaves, 26 ix 1985; Abernethy, 27 ix 1985), Forth (Menstrie Glen, 11 x 1987) and Tay (Kindrogan on Rhododendron leaves, 19 viii 1968; Rannoch, 17 x 1968 & 12 x 1975). Recent records from Arran on Corylus avellanea, Islay, Barra, Mingulay, Tiree and on Iris pseudoacorus N. Uist. Known in Stevenson from Forth, Tay, Tweed and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. saccaharinus In Stevenson a single record from Tay (Killin, 1876). Single record from Arran by Paterson, 1876.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. setosus On fallen leaves of Fagus and sometimes Betula. Good collections from Clyde (Corehouse, 12 x 1974; Torrinch, Loch Lomond, on Fagus mast, 31 viii 1957); Forth (Humbie Wd., 10 x 2006 & Peaston, 27 ix 2006 both East Lothian, H. Cochard; Balerno, 11 x 1954; Cammo Pk., Edinb., 26 ix 1981) and Tweed (Dawyck, 12 x 12003 & 14 ix 2004); also from Skye, Islay and Rhum. On Corylus nuts Coill a’Ghargain, Skye, 20 x 1980, A.P. Bennell. Probably better known as M. recubans or even M. eufoliatus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. cohaerens Records from Forth (Waters of Leith, 2 x 1977; Auchindinny, 1 x 2006), Tweed (Dawyck, 20 viii 2004 & 18 ix 2006) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. elegans A population probably referrable to this species appeared in RBGdn., Edinb., in Orchid and Cycad House for many years after opening - Forth.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. caricis On decayed remains of carices in damp places and marshes. Rarely recorded but Scottish material in K. Localities required.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. cornelii On dead stems and leaves of Cladium. Known only from Moray (Rothiemurchus).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. pseudocaricis Known only from the original collection from margin of pond, Tay (Kindrogan, 4 ix 1981). Holotype in Leiden and in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. alliaceus Garlic Parachute Amongst leaves and rotten wood. Recorded in Stevenson from Forth, Tay and Dee. Single rceord from Forth (Braid Hills, Edinburgh, vii 1866 in Herb. Evans); needs reassessment. Probably M. porrea amongst Quercus leaves recorded from Tay in Stevenson and Moray in Add. 4 belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. prasiosmus Single record from Tay (Falls of Bran, Dunkeld, 30 x 1952).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. foetidum Foetid Parachute Single record as Ag. (Marasmius) on decayed wood from Forth (Foxhall in Herb. Greville ?collected by Carmichael) in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. impudicum Single record from amongst twigs Colonsay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. perforans Stinking Parachute Commona and widespread in conifer planmations often in huge troops. Good collections from Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Forth ( Saltoun Big Wood under Picea 29 ix 2006, H. Cochard), Clyde (Chatelherault), Tay (Kindrogan, 18 v 2003; Bridge of Cally, 20 viii 1978 thru’ 5 ix 1982), Tweed (Bowhill 9 ix 1986; Dawyck 10 x 2004), Solway (Otter pool, Dumfries 27 iv 1986) and Argylle (Bascalden Forest 16 ix 1985). Single record as Ag.( Marasmius) perforans from Tay (Glamis) in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. undatus Records on Pteridium from Moray (Loch an Eilean, 12 ix 1957); also Skye and Mull
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. androsaceus Horsehair Parachute On decaying leaves, Calluna stems and conifer debris forming a characteristic horse-hair like rhizoids and occurring from sea level to 457m; known to produce snow die-back in Calluna. Known from Solway (Raider’s Road, 27 v 1986), Ross (Shieldaig & Applecross on Scirpus caespitosus 304.8m. Dennis 1948; Loch Carron, 5 vii 1987), Sutherland (Borgie Forest nr. Bettyhill, on Picea debris, 21 ix 1984), Tay (Blebo on Erica tetralix, 1 v 1958; on Betula leaves - Stravithie, ix 1940; Kindrogan, 18 v 2003; Meall Ghaetdu, 625m.,14 vii 1976; Boarhills, Fife, on exposed root of Fraxinus, 30 x 1980; Tentsmuir, 25 vii 1965), Dee (Strathdon, 11 v 1983; Cairnwell,18 ix 1979), Tweed (Bowhill, 9 viii 1986), Moray (in Krombholz community, Cairngorm, 24 ix 1990; Speyside viii 1949; Abernethy, Creag Dubh, Uath Lochan & Creag Far-leitre, 23 –25 viii 2005) and Forth (Saltoun Wd., East lothian, 30 ix 2006; Red Moss, Balerno nr. Edinb., 26 viii 1978; RBGdn., Edinb. x 1972 on Phyllodoce nipponica) and Clyde (on Juniperus nana, nr. Glasgow, 26 iv 1952; several sites in Upper Clyde Valley -). On dead stems of Juncus squarrosus Healaval Bheag, Skye and Arctostaphylos uva ursi, Muckle Roe 10 ix 1985. Recent records from Orkney and Shetland, Arran, Lewis Benbecula, S. Uist, Raasay, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay, Rhum Collections in E include undoubted Klotzsch material labelled ‘fung. October 1830’ and unlocalized material both probably both from Greville and Menzies. Known from all Watersheds in Stevenson except Sutherland. The common name is derived from the rhizomorphic structures. It has been the subject of extensive research in Scottish Universities in connection with Snow Blight viz. J.A.McDonald, Elizabeth Gray and Prof. Braid, from whom material is deposited in E. Die- Back of Calluna vulgaris & Erica spp. and cultivars both in the wild and in private and public gardens, often forming a weft of mycelium over the plants (Braid & Tervet, 1937) & MacDonald (1948).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. bulliardii Records from Moray (Nethy Bridge, 23 viii 1982; Creag Dubh, on Betula leaf, 23 viii 2005) and Clyde (Creinch, Loch Lomond, 10 x 1979). Records from Islay, and Mull on Fagus leaves.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. quercophilus On fallen leaves of Quercus. Material from Forth (Saltoun Wd, 30 ix 2006 & Binning Wd., 3 ix 2006 both East Lothian). Probably better known as M. sphlachnoides.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. mitis Elastic Oysterling Found on dead twigs and branches of conifers. Recent records from Tay (Pitlochry on Larix, 17 xi 1076; Tentsmuir on Pinus,4 xi 1965; Loch Craiglush near pitlochry 3 x 1956), Tweed (Glentress on Pinus sylvestris, xi 1928 & 29 ix 1956) and Forth (Dalkieth on conifer trash, 18 I 2004; Devilla Forest, Fife, on Pinus sylvestris, 13 xi 1988; Saltoun Big Wood, East Lothian 2 I 2005) and Dee (Braemar, on Pinus sylvestris, 26 iii 1998). Also record from Skye. In E three collections from Klotzsch ‘f truncis pini laricio’Oct. (18) 30 Except for Sutherland recorded in Stevenson from all Watersheds, incl. Solway, Clyde, Argylle and Ross .
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. ringens The material of a collection in K labelled Panus patellaris agrees with the record in Stevenson from Moray (Forres collected by Rev. J.Keith, 1877).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. stipticus Bitter Oysterling On stumps and poles. Recent records from Moray (Aviemore ix 1938; Darnaway, on Fagus, 24 ix 1955 & 27 ix 1963), Tay (Murthley on Quercus, x 1922 & 2 ix 1953) and Ross (Shieldaig Dennis, 1948; Beinn Eighe, on Betula, 22 ix 1956). Klotzsch material in E two collection ‘f truncis March 1830’ and 1821 material from Clyde (Loch Lomond as Ag. alneus) poss. Greville. Two collections in E, one unlocalised and probably from Greville and ‘Agaricus about Edinb.’ is possibly Menzies. In Stevenson said to occur in Tay, Dee and Moray with an additional record from Tay (Hayston Hill, 1873) as P. farinaceus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. violaceofulvens Liz Holden collection from Dee (Aberdeenshire). More details.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. citrispora Single records from Jura and on Ulex europaeus on Rhum.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. faginea A rather uncommon and confused species for which records in K should be checked, as many may really refer to F. minutissima, q.v..
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. kavinae Solitary British record from dead stem of Equisetum in ditch, Hoy, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. minutissima On woody debris. Material on Pseudotsuga menziesii Tweed ( Glen Tress, Peebles 11 viii 1954) and on Juncus & Carex, Meadhouse Loch,. Mull..
TFTadMSSoCAR F. orthospora On Ulex europaeus, Post office N. Hoy.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. pilatii On dead stems of grasses. Material in K. Localities required.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. punctiformis On possibly Sarathamnus Forth (Craiglockart Glen Edinburgh 4 ii 2001).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. alboviolascens Widespread on old stems especially of Sarathamnus. Recent records from Forth (Beescraig, West Lothian, 4 xii 1994), Sutherland (Dunnett Wood, Caithness, 14 v 1985, on Sarathamnus), Tweed (Peebles, 3 111 1997on Salvia), Tay (Kindrogan 18 viii 1978; Blairgowrie, 11 v 1969, on Sarathamnus), Clyde (Hamilton High Parks, Lanark, 19 v 1985) and Moray (Darnaway , 6 v 1967, on Sarathamnus). Also on Arctium from Kintyre, Islay, Skye, Rhum, Mull and on Heracleum Orkney. Recorded in Stevenson under several synonyms: as Cyphella curreyi from Tweed, Dee & Moray, C. dochiospora the same with the addition of Forth and Tay and with short description C. stupea from Tay (Menmuir 1873 collected on Sarathamnus by Rev. Anderson); see Reid & Austwick, 1963. Under Corticium amorphus (= Aleurodiscus q.v.) Stevenson mysteriously discusses coniferous stage of C. curreyii. There is an old unlocalized collection (Greville ?) on old wood in E as Peziza sessilis Sow. and is probably from the Forth Watershed.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. ? ciliata Recorded as L. aff. orthospora. Apparently widespread on Ulex europaeus with records from Orkney, Lewis, Harris, Tiree, Raasay, Skye, Islay, Rhum and Colonsay. The type variety of L. orthospora is in fact a Flagelloscypha. qv.,
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. villosa On various herbaceous stems. Known from Clyde (L. Nethan), Forth (on Buddleia Dunfermline, 12 111 1989; Mavis Bank, Midlothian iii 2007; Duns Castle, Berwickshire iv 2007), Solway (Carrifran, on old herbaceous stems, 7 v 2009) and Tay (Kindrogan, on Urtica, 18 v 2003; Callander on Sambucus nigra twigs, - 1976). Records from N. Uist on old Cirsium stems, 6 viii 2000, Skye, Islay, Eigg, Rhum, Mull and Orkney, on Petasites hybridus. There is a collection without location in Greville’s Herb. in E, labelled Peziza granuliformis Pers. In Flora Edinensis Greville says ‘On potato stalks about Edinburgh, common’. His collection of P. granuliformis would agree with this and is undoubtedly from Forth. A second collection in E labelled ‘only a Cyphella’ & ‘Peziza villosa Pers.’ was collected by A. Jerdon which suggests it was from Tweed Watershed. Reid & Austwick (1963) mention ‘Cyphella’ jucundissima being similar to L. villosa but give no localities.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. anomala On old cut surfaces of logs and stumps especially Fagus and on old fallen wood, especially Betula. Noted from Forth (Bawsinch, i 1997 on Salix, Corstorphine Hill, 3 iii 1974 on Acer, Colinton 26 ii 1978 and Powmill 26 vi 1982 on Fagus all Edinburgh; Dunfermline 29 i 1984 on Betula), Tweed (Peebles 6 v 1994 & on Betula 3 iv 1955; Eskdalemuir viii 1979; Harestane, 4 x 2008), Tay (Killiecrankie, on orylus, 20 v 2003; Kinnoul Hill, Perth 7 ix 1986 on Betula; Den of Airlie, 15 iv 1981,on Fagus; Blairgowrie 110 v 1967), Dee (Aberdeen 24 iv 1965) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde), Also known from Islay, Lewis, Rhum and Mull. Record on Populus in native woodland Berriedale, Hoy, Orkney. Probably better known as Cyphellopsis. A broader spored form has been found on Fagus Forth (River Devon, 26 vi 1982).
TFTadMSSoCAR M. bresadolae Records from Lewis, Skye and Mull on Ulex europaeus as Cyphellopsis monacha.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. fasciculata Collections from Moray (Forres 24 ii 1979) as M. confusa and Forth (Roslin 24 ii 1974, on Corylus; Newbattle, on Fagus, 2 x11 2001) and one from Tay (Noranside Hospital, Brechin 19 ii 1957). Single records as M. confusa on Prunus avium from Clyde (Chatelherault). On Acer pseudoplatanus, Kergord, Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. ochracea Single record from Clyde (Dunbartonshire, on Quercus, 5 x 1980). In Stevenson under Cyphella ochracea and noted from Moray (Grangehill, collected by the Rev. Keith) Klotzsch collection labelled Peziza ochracea ‘on Salicis Mars 1831’ and an unlocalised collection on Halostachys dated 15 viii 1895 collected by Carlyle are both in E.