Polycoccum squamarioides
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyThis is a completely artificial grouping made up of many elements, true fungi and several other groups many distantly related to the true fungi. The latter were once classified along with other mycelial fungi, but modern methods have shown their true status. They were originally brought together and given the name ‘Phycomycetes’ because of their simple structure resembling the algae. Never-the-less, as they were originally grouped with true the fungi the different members are tabulated below. In this way some idea of their distribution can be made. These organisms are a mixture of members of the Chromistan consortium and specialized protozoa. The true fungi within this group include the mucoraceous fungi, an example being the common Bread mould, whereas the Chromista include the organisms causing Potato Blight, White Blister Rust and Downy Mildew. For one group of the true fungi, the Glomeromycota, Chris Walker, formerly of the Forestry Commission Scotland, has made a particular study and his slide-preparations are deposited in the Edinburgh fungarium (E); the Scottish records of the Slime Moulds, variously called Mycetozoa or Myxomycetes, have been reviewed by Prof Bruce Ing. The latter, although they are protozoan relatives, they are studied extensively by mycologists.
As many of the members covered herein do not form obvious fruiting bodies few are kept as herbarium specimens. I have therefore taken the liberty to include the records cited by other authorities, including coprophilous moulds recorded by M.J. Richardson in his studies on dung fungi, and Peronosporaceae (Downy mildews) compiled by Francis & Waterhouse (1968: Trans. Brit, Mycol. Soc. 80, 1-62), the latter includes more details or notes in the fungarium of Prof. J.W.Trail in Aberdeen University and those in K. Inclusion of these has allowed a better understanding of this group in Scotland, especially as the foray records of ‘Phycomycetes’ appearing in publications is usually small or non-existent and when present is restricted to a handful of taxa; their findings have been incorporated herein. It must be pointed out that Peronospora in Mycologia Scotica appears with the Hyphales! There have been some even more recent changes in the classification of the orders of the so-called phycomycetes based on molecular studies but these are not adopted here. Prof. J.H. Trail collected plant pathogens extensively and his collections are be found in Aberdeen University, but instead of being maintained under the fungus name they are to be found under the name of the host. D. Boyd who is mentioned under downy-mildews several times was based in West Kilbride and collected extensively around the area; many species he found have not been found again, probably because no-one has looked.at them.
C. caespitis Griff. & Maublanc. Forth (Orchard Brae, on newly sown lawn, 20 v 1963 – F. Sparrow Michigan USA although agreeing with symptoms thought it might be a Pythium the red colouring from colonization by a Fusarium sp.; Grace Waterhouse thought it might be Pythium). Causes root rot of turf and occurs frequently in Scotland but of minor importance fide Foister, 1956.
C. elymii nom prov. Forth (Longiddry, on Elymus arenarius, 5 ix 1970, 25 viii 1953, 24 vii 1954 & 18 ix 1953) & Dee (Aberdeen Link, on E. arenarius, 14 vi 1955).
C. menyanthis (de Bary) D. Brav. All records on Menyanthes trifoliata leaves. Moray (Aviemore, ix 1927). As Protomyces: Tay (Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, 31 viii 1955; Loch Lubnaig, 13 viii 1951), Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 8 ix 1955) & Clyde (Loch Lomond, 11 ix 1959). Also, Rhum & Colonsay as Physoderma. Collections from Sutherland as Uredo menyanthes, iv 1930 & ix 1931).
Cladochytrium sp. Forth (Pathhead, on Batrtsia odonotites, 7 xi 1928).
P. flammula Busgen Ross (Loch Achity, in Ranunculus flammula, ix 1963).
P. majus (Schroet.) Karling Argyll (Lock Eck, on Rumex acetosa 610m., 14 vi 1951 = Urophyictis).
Collections by J. Todd formerly Dept. Agriculture & Fisheries, East Craigs are in Edinburgh (E).
S. anemones (DC.) Woronin Moray (Inverness, vi 1925), Forth (in Annual Conference Additions:(Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184) & Moray (Abernethy, on Cardamine pratensis CS 1927).
S. aureum Schroet, Tay (Meall nan Tarmachen, Lawers, on Galium saxatile, 2800 ft., 10 vii 1965; Creagan Lochan, Lawers, on Thymus drucei, 635m., 27 vii 1952; Lawers, on Prunella vulgaris, 16 vi 1958; Lawers, on T. drucei, 310m., 27 vii 1954), Argyll (Ben Lui, 310m., on T. drucei, 6 vi 1959; Ben Nevis, on G. saxatile, 930m., 15 ix 1956), Moray (Glen Einich, on G. saxatile, 310m , 16 vii 1957) & Forth (Thruipmuir, on P. vulgaris, 15 vi 1959) Also, on Littorallis Mull, Bellis perennis S. Uist, T. drucei on Benbecula & Ranunculus acris Lewis. On T. drucei Arran..
S. cupulatums Thomas Clyde in 1920 Annual Conference Additions: Glasgow Nat. 6: 76).
S. endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival Causes Wart Disease of Potato – Solanum tuberosum. It might have existed in Scotland as early as 1860 based on a model in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh showing typical symptoms on potato tuber! First recorded in Clackmannanshire - Forth in 1906, although there are suggestions for its occurrence in Haddington in 1876 & 1901, Out-breaks recorded up until 1922 in small holdings, gardens & allotments in the West. Introduction of Wart Disease controls with certification & distribution carefully monitored so that disease-free export of seed potatoes can be allowed. Not known from Hebrides. See Foister, 1956.
S. erieum Karling on Plantago lanceolata Mull & Shetland. Probably as S. aueum for Clyde (on Plantago lanceolata Ardinglass CS 1906 & P. lanceolata Kingarth CS 1913)
S. globosum Schroet. Moray (Kincraig, on Viola palustris, 1 viii 1944).
S. mercurialis (Lib.) Fuck. All records on Mercurialis perennis: Forth (Temple, 25 v 1969; Balerno, 30 v 1954; Roslin v 1912 in Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184).), Tay (Dunkeld, 8 v 1950), Argyll (Kilmartin, 8 v 1966 & Garnelloch Is, 14 v 1984) & Clyde (Haggs, Kilsyth, 3 collections, v 1931; Chaterhault), Also, recorded for Mull. In Stevenson with description for Dee & Solway in App. 6. Also forming galls Arran.
S. stellariae Fuckel Forth (Tyninghame, on Stellaria media, 24 vii 1954 as S. aureum; Borthwick, on S. media,8 x 1911). Also, on S. media Argyll lLochawe CS 1908) & Solway (Stranraer CS 1909).
S. succisae de Bary & Woronin on Succisia pratensis (as Scabioa succisae). Sutherland (Kyles of Durness,29 viii 1944), Moray (Kincraig, 1 viii 1944; on Succisia as Scabiosa succisa Abernethy CS 1927; Drumnadrochit CS 1908), Argyll (Taynuilt, 21 vii 1921; Port Appin, on S. pratensis, 8 vi 1968 as S. aureum), Ross (Inchnadaph, on S. pratensis, 30 iii 1982 as S. aureum), Shelldag on K. arvensis, 3 ix 1952; Strome, 10 vi 1957 on S. pratensis) & Clyde (L. Nethan on S. pratensis). Also, on Succisia Mull.
S. taraxaci de Bary & Woronin on Taraxacum Forth (Penicuik, 14 ix 1941). Known from Kintyre. In Stevenson, App. 6 recorded but with no locality based on a Trail collection probably from Dee or Forth and may be Greville collection as Uredo cichoracearum redet. as S. taraxaci by possibly Trail. Forth added in Annual Conference 1920 additions (Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184). On Taraxacum as S. aureum Orkney
See Walker below. There must be material and records in Dundee University where Tom Nicolson worked on the systematics of this group.
see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E)
A. laevis Gerdemann & Trappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
A. nicolsonii Walker & Reed & Saunders Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
A. scrobiculata Tappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
G. calospora (Nicolson & Gerdeman) Gerd. & Trappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
Glomeraceae: see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E),
F. geosporum (Nichol. & Gerdemann) Walker Forth (Blinkbonny Edinb. as Glomus, with Plumbago iv 2002).
G. constrictum Trappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
G. flavosporum (Morton Lange) Nicol. & Gerdemann Forth
G. geosporum (Nicolson & Gerdeman) Trappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
G. macrocarpus Tul & Tul Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
G. macrosporus Tul. & Tul Moray (Dalwhinnie, by stream on bank, 29 vii 1986).
G. occultum C. Walker Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
G. scitillans Rose & Trappe Recorded from Keen of Hamar, Unst Shetland during 1984
R. fasciculatus (Gerd. & Trappe) Walker Forth (RBGdn, Edinb, in plant pots as Glomus, vi 1977 (this could be a new species fide Walket). Tay (Fife as Glomus in Agropyron junceifome & Ammophila dunes).
see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E)
E. flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemen Forth (Bush Est., Roslin, under Pinus contorta, 1 xi 1975). Also, Rhum with Picea
E. lactiflua Berk, & Br. Argyll (Kilmun with Abies alba, 22 ix 1991), Forth (Doune, Stirling, with Salix spp., 20 ix 1991). In Central Highlands fide Dennis. Possible Berkeley Type x 1877.in E according to J. Warcup.
C. coronatus (Const.) Batko Known from Shetland.as Entomophthora..
E. exitalis Hall & Dunn on aphid, Harris.
E. muscae (Cohn.) Fres. Forth (Edinb. SSPl.B., on House fly (Musca), viii 1943 & 8 x 1961) & Solway (Moffat as Empusa on dead fly (Scotophaga stercoria) vii !957 & Moffat CS 1911, Glen Trool, 4 vii 1987 & as Empusa Thornhill CS 1948).
E. sphaerosperma Fres. On.Diptera Tiree & Colonsay
E. lampyridarum (Thaxter) Humber Tweed (Lammermuirs on Lochmaea soturalis (Heather beetle), v 1939 det. T. Petch)
F. americana (Thaxter) Humber Forth (Edinb., on Callophora on leaf of Asclepidis viii 1975) &Tay (Kirkmchael, Bridge of Cally, on large dipterean, 28 viii 1977; Blackcraig, Bridge of Cally, on dipterous host; huge epidemic with hundreds, 23 viii 1997; Auchtermuckty on muscoid insect, huge colony, 20 viii 1996). All as Entomophthora.
Z. aphidis (Fres.) Baktoo Forth (Davidsons Mains, Edinb., on aphids on Circeaea, 25 iv 1952; Craighill, Fife, on aphids on Chrtysanthemum 19 iv 1941). On aphids, Mull. Moray in Annual Conference 1920 additions (Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 6: 201).
M. aloina Peyr. Rhum & Mull.
M. bainieri Constatin. Shetland, on Hygrocybe pratensis: on Horse droppings (Equus) Saltness, Hoy, Orkney. Also, Mull.
M. globulifera Rostr. Rhum.
M. gracilia Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. humilis Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. hygrophila Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. macrocystis Gams Mull.
M oilifera v. Tiegm. Mull.
M. pusilla Oudem. In soil of potato field Barra.
M spinosa Linnemann Harris.
U. rammaniana (Moller) Linnemenn Mull.
C, aciculifera Lindner in leaf litter Skye.
C. pectinata Bainier on leaf litter Skye.
Uncertain position
B. verrucosspora Richardson Forth (on ptardigrade, on Sheep dung (Ovis), West Kip; on Rabbit droppings (Orycolagus cuniculus, Roslin, 7 xii 2003). Name based on specimens from Forth.
A. corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. & Trott. Mull.
A. cylindrospora Hagem Mull & on soil from peat bog Arran.
A. orchidis (Vuill.) Hagem Mull.
A. ramosa (Lindt.) Lender Mull.
A. spinoa Linder Rhum.
R. pusillus Lindt As Mucor Mull & Rhum.
Below for coprophilous species: Sheep = Ovis; Cow = Bos. Horse = Equuus & Rabbit = Orycolagus cuniculus.
C. brefeldii van Teigh & Le Mon. Forth (Normans Law, Fife; Pentland Hills; New Hailes; Newtongrange; on Rabbit droppings, Dundas Loch, Queensferry; Beescraig; Saltoun, East Lothian; West Hope, East Lothian; on Sheep droppings Portmoak)., Tweed (Black Meldrons on Rabbit droppings; West Linton; Yarrow; Stobo; Eddleston on Sheep dung; Glen Tress; Coldstrean & St Abbs), Tay (Errol Wd., Perth), Sutherland (Golspie) & Dee (Braemar). Also, St Ninians Isle, Shetland.
C. jonesii (B. & Br.) Fres. Forth (Morningside, Edinb., Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) droppings, 12 iii 2004),.
M. caninus Pers. on Dog dung Forth & Tay in Stevenson. Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908). Possible Greville collection but no locality and no confirming data.
M. circinelloides v. Tiegm. In sand dune soil Barra.
M. fragilis Bain. Mull.
M. genevensis Lender Mull.
M. hiemalis Wehmer Barra, Skye, Mull & Rhum.
M. hyalinus Cooke Tay on Vaccinium vitis-idea in Stevenson. Little understood and therefore needs attention. Type in E from Whitehall, England xii 1866
M. plumbeus Bonorden as M. spinosus Barra & Rhum.
M. racemosus Fres. Barra, Rhum & Mull.
M. silvaticus Hagem. Rhum & Mull.
M. stercorarius (Tode) Link on dung as Hydrophora for Forth, Tay, Dee & Moray in Stevenson.
M. strictus Hagem. Rhum.
M. tennerimus (Berk.) Berk. on Sarathamnus twigs, Moray in Stevenson. Little understood and therefore needs attention.
M. varians Povah in sandy soil Barra.
P. anomala Schroet. Tay (on Rabbit pellets Erroll Wd. Perth), Sutherland (on Rabbit droppings, Golspie), Solway (on Rabbit, Drumlanrig House, Dumfries), Tweed (N. Berwick, Earlston), Forth (Aberlady, Winchburgh, Mid Calder & Portmoak), Ross (on Rabbit, Gairloch), Also Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908) & Clyde, on Rabbit dung Skelemorlie CS 1921). Known on dung Shetland, Mull & Orkney incl. Egilsay, Birsay & Stronsay.
P. cesati v. Tiegm. On dung Harris.
P. moreaui Y. Ling Forth (Edinburgh on Neosciurus caroliniensis (Grey squirrel); Aberlady on Rabbit; Arthur’s Seat, Edinb.; Aniston; Ravelston Wd., Edinb.; Pentlands on Rabbit & Sheep droppings; Braids Hill, Blackford Hill both Edinb.; Selmuir on Sheep; Loanhead, & Hill End, Edinb., Craiglockart, Midlothian all on Rabbit pellets; Newtongrange on Rabbit; Saltoun, East Lothian & Bees-craig West Lothian; Doune Ponds all on Rabbit; Scotlandwell, Kinross on Sheep, Sauchie, Stirlingshire; Castle Campbell, Dollar; Tillicoutry; East Lothian & Fife), Solway (Logan Bot Gdn., Wigtonshire, on Rabbit, Friars Carse, Dumfries, on Deer (Cervus); Dalbeattie, Kirkculbright, on Rabbit), Tweed (Clover Law, on Sheep & Rabbit; Black Meldrons and Caemuir on Rabbit; Eidon Hillis. Roxburghshire, on Rabbit; Mellerstain; on Rabbit & Deer, St Abbs, Berwickshire; on Gordon Moss on Rabbit & Deer), Argyll (Garloch, on Rabbit), Tay (Glen Lyon on Sheep & Deer), Dee (Forvie on Rabbit, Cairnwell, on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare); Glen Shee on L. timidus, Braemar on Rabbit, Cervus elaphanus (Red deer) & L. timidus), Clyde (Symington on Rabbit; Biggar on L. timidus) & Moray (Curr Wd., on scats of Martes martes (Pine martin). Also, records for Orkney incl. Graemsay, & Egilsay on Rabbit & L. europeus (Brown hare) & Harris & Tiree on L. europeus & Shetland on Rabbit & Horse dung.
T. elegans Link Forth (East Craigs, om Beta seed no further data). Recorded from St, Kilda.
Z. moelleri Vuill. Barra, Rhum & Mull.
Z. psychrophilus Schipper & Hintika Mull.
S. melanocarpus Ehrenb. Clyde (Chaterhault on Mycena pura & M. galopus & Falls of Clyde on M. filope;as Sporodinia aspergillus on Agaricus campesris Mountstewart CS 1921) & Forth (RBGd., Edinb., as Sporodinia grandis on Inocybe asterospora 13 viii 1954; Gifford on Russula nigricans, 18 x 1961). Solway (Moffat as Sporodinia aspergillus on rotten agaric CS 1911). Also, known from Heggies Moor, 19 v 2002), Tay (on decaying Russula as Sporodinia dichotoma in Stevenson Also, as Mucor ramosus on decaying fungi for Tay in Stevenson. Moray added in App. 6.
P. blakesleeanus Burgoff Forth (Stirling, on old food and bird droppings on bird table, 15 x 2009), Solway (on Rabbit droppings, Dumfries), Forth (Arthurs Seat, on Rabbit) & Orkney Hobbister on Lepus europaeus.
P. nitens (Agardh.) Kunze Forth (Harlaw on Rabbit droppings; Craiglochart on Rabbit droppings; Ravelston: Corstorphine; New Hailes; Saltoun, East Lothian; Whitburn, West Lothian & Ormiston; RBGdn, Edinb. on peat walls, ix 1990), Dee (Aberdeen, on rat bait, v 1955), Clyde (Lanark in tomato house of Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato), 19 v 1935) & Solway (Dumfries on Rabbit droppings). Also, Gigha. Clyde in Annual Conference 1920 additions on cat dung. Trans. Roy. Arboric. Soc. 34; 55. In Stevenson in App. 6 recorded for Forth & Tay. Old coll. 1867 possibly of Greville - Lawsons nursery, Lanark)
P. cf. perrotianus Morini Rhum. Collection in E dated 1 ix 1964 but no further data.
S. fusiger (Link) v. Tiegm. Forth (Bush Est., Roslin on Mycena inclinata, 2 x 1964; West Calder. 3 viii 2003).,. Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908), Solway (on rotten agaric Pinmore CS 1905), Clyde (Rothesay on decaying Mycena CS 1913) & Tay (Crieff on agaric, CS 1911; rotting agaric Faskally CS 1906On decaying agarics Tweed, Tay, Dee, Moray & Ross in Stevenson. Known from Orkney on M. sanguinolenta & Shetland on M. sanguimnolenta., on Mycena Skye, Rhum & Eigg & on Gymnopus peronatus Arran.
P. crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode Tweed (Dawyck, on Gynnopus (Collybia) dryophila 5 vii 2000), Forth (Cappercleuch on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare) droppings; Bawsinch, Edinb, on Rabbit; Gore Glen, Gorebridge, on Rabbit; Slipperfield, on Rabbit; Hare Hill, Midlothian on L. timidus; Gosford; New Hailes on Rabbit; Bannockburn on Rabbit; Calderwood, Midlothian on Rabbit; Pentlands on Sheep & Rabbit & Altermuir on L. timidus & Sheep; Bavelaw, Balerno, on Sheep; Midcalder; Kirknewton on Rabbit; Edinburgh on Rabbit; Braid Hills & Blackford, Edinb., Portmoak on Rabbit & ? Cervus caprolus (Roe deer); Hillend; Craiglockhart on Rabbit; Craighall, Edinbugh on Cow; Dollar on Sheep & Rabbit; Tilllicoultry on Sheep & Rabbit; Harpelaw, Midlothian; Kinross on Roe deer & Sheep; East Lomond, Fife on Rabbit & Sheep; Cleish, on Sheep & Deer & on Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) Bonaly, Edinburh). Argybbb (Ben More on Rabbit; Beinn Resopil on Sheep; Ben Hiaunt on Sheep; Ardnamurchan on Sheep; Glen Masson, Ben More on Rabbit); Tweed (Binning Wd. East Lothian on C. capreolus (Roe deer); Glen Sax, Peebles on L. timidus; Lammermuirs on C. caproelus &?Sciurus vulgaris (Red squirrel) ; Kelso on Rabbit; Whitmuir on L. timidus; Hangingshaw on Rabbit & Horse droppings; Stobo on C. capreolus; Ettrick on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit & L. europeus & on Dama dama (Fallow deer); St Abbs on Rabbit & Sheep; Eddleston, on Deer; Stobo both on C. capreolus; Mellerstain, on Rabbit; Eildon on Rabbit; Kelso on L. europaeus; Selkirk; Penicuik on Sheep; Peebles on L. timidus; Coldstream, on Rabbit;, Peebles on Deer; Hirsel on Rabbit; Black & White Meldrums on Sheep; Crieff on Rabbit; Cadermuir, Peebles on Rabbit; Broughton on Sheep & Rabbit), Clyde (Symington, on L. timidus; Biggar on Rabbit & L. timidus), Solway (Dumfries on Rabbit, Cow & Sheep; Dalry on Sheep & Cow; Cariffran on Sheep & Cow; Dealbeatie, Kirkcudbright on Rabbit, Deer & Sheep; Rockcliffe on Rabbit & C. capreolus; Castle Kennedy & Logan each on Rabbit), Dee (Forvie on Rabbit; Newburgh Warren, Aberdeen on Rabbit; Braemar C. elaphus; Glen Shee on Lepus timidus, C. elaphus and Rabbit), Tay (Beinn Heagarich on C. elaphus; Black Wd of Rannoch on Deer; Bridge of Earn on Deer; Callandar on Sheep & C. capreolus; Kindrogan on Deer; Glen Cova on C. elaphus; Glen Lyon on Sheep & Deer; Ben Lawers on C. elaphus, Sheep & Cow; Pitlochry on C. elaphus & Rabbit; Aberfeldy on Sheep; Crieff on Rabbit), Argyll (Symington on Rabbit, L. timidus & Sheep, Lanark on sheep), Moray (Kincraig, on Rabbit; Coylum Bridge, Aviemore, on C. elaphus and on Martes martes (Pine martin) scat; Curr Wd. Inverness-shire, on M. martes scat & Rabbit). Also, Drumnadrochit CS 1908. Recorded on dung for Harris, N. Uist,, Rhum, Mull & Colonsay, Shetland on Cow, Deer & Horse dung, Orkney on Rabbit incl. Graemsay on Rabbit, Egilsay on Rabbit & Cow & Wyre on Sheep; Skye on Sheep & Rabbit; Fair Isle. Yell, Shetland & St Kilda. Tweed, Tay & Moray in Stevenson on sheep & rabbit droppings. Sporangia have been found on several occasions scattered on the panes of glass in greenhouses having been projected from sporangiophores developed on the dung mulch used as dressing. Deer refers to an unidentified species, whether C. elahanus, C. capreolus or C. nippon (Sika deer)..
P. kleinii v. Tiegm. Tay (Beinn Heagarich on Cervus elaphanus; Colin Burtt Res., Killin on C. capreolus; Callendar on Sheep; Black Wd of Rannoch, on C. elaphanus; Kindrogan, on Deer & Horse; Balquidar, on Sheep), Forth (Tillicoutry, Clackmnann on Sheep & Rabbit; Dalkeith on Cow; Saltoun, East Lothian on Rabbit; Cleish on Sheep; Selmuir on Sheep; Normans Law, Fife, on Rabbit; Mannuel, Linlithgow on Sheep; Braids Hill, Edinb., on Horse; Winchburgh on Rabbit; Portmoak on Rabbit; Pentlands on Sheep), Tweed (Stobo on Rabbit, Cattle & C. capreolus; Lauder, Berwickshire on Rabbit; Whitmuir on C. capreolus & Lepus europaeus; Cadermuir, Peebles on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit & C. capreolus; Hirsel on Rabbit; Mellerstain, on Rabbit), Solway (Carrifran on Horse; Dalry on Sheep & Cow; Rockcliffe on Sheep) & Sutherland (Strahmore on Sheep), On dung St Kilda, Shetland, Harris, Coll: on Horse dung Mousa; also, know from Unst.& Colonsay; Orkney Skara Brae, Wyre & Hoy. On sheep dung Arran.
P. lentiger Corda on Rabbit & Cow dung, Midlothian. Also, on Lepus europaeus Orkney.
P. oedipus Mont. Tay (Perth, on C. capreolus), Solway (Dumfries) & Forth (Kinross; Midlothian, on C. capreolus droppings and on Cow dung; Kirknewton). Also, on Rabbit Orkney.
P. roridus (Bolton) Pers, on dung Tay in Stevenson. Solway (on Lepus sp, dung, Moffat).
P. umbonatus Buller Forth (Cammo, Edinburgh, on Rabbit; Selmuir on C. capreolus; Devilla Wd., Fife; 1 vi 2003; Doune Ponds & Dalkeith all on Rabbit), Tweed (Broughton, on Sheep droppings), Tay (Callandar on Sheep; Montcreiffe & Bridge of Earn both on C. capreolus), Moray (Curr Wd, nr. Nethy Bridge on Rabbit) & Tweed (on C. nippono (Sika dee)r droppings, Dawyck).
R. stolonifer (Erhb,) Vuill. with short description, on decaying Cucumis melo Tay in Stevenson. Also, as Ascophora mucedo on bread for all Watersheds except Sutherland, Argyll, Solway & Moray. Forth (Blinkbonny as Mucor mucedo, on Cat droppings, iv 1990. Blinkbonny, Edinb. on over-ripe Cucumis melo, 8 xi 2010), As Mucor mucedo on decaying fruit, paste etc., for all Watersheds except Sutherland, Moray & Argyll in Stevenson
C. musae (Sor.) Berl. & de Toni in soil, Barra,
S. depressa v. Tiegm. & Le Monn. Forth (On Sheep droppings, East Lomond, Fife). Also, on Rabbit Orkney. In leaf litter Skye.
S. tenuis Thaxter in leaf litter, Skye.
H. sarcocephalum Thaxter Tay (on Horse droppings, Kindrogan).
R. magnus Berl. Forth (on Rabbit droppings Midlothian).
Piptocephalidiaceae
P. arrhizus v. Teigh, et le Mol. Forth (Bannockburn on Rabbit droppings).
P. cylindrospora Bainier Forth (Balerno on Rabbit). Also, Mull.
P. fimbriata Rich. & Leadb. Forth (Balerno on Rabbit; Pentlands, on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare); Kinross on Cervus capreolus; Gifford, East Lothian on C. capreolus), Tweed (Black Meldrons & Clover Law, Peebles, on Rabbit; South Park Wd., Peebles, on C, capreoplus) & Clyde (Biggar on Rabbit pellets). In leaf-litter Skye
P. freseniana de Bary. Tweed (Lauder,,Broughton on Rabbit), Forth (Newtongrange on Rabbit; Corstorphine & Ravelston Hill both Edinburgh; Morniongside Edinb., Arthurs Seat & Blackford Hill, Edinb. all on Rabbit; West Hope, Gifford & Normans Law, Fife; Pentland on L. timidus; Saltoun, on Rabbit; Scotlandwell, on Rabbit; Morningside Edinb. in garden on Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) droppings), Solway (Dalbeattie, on Rabbit) & Clyde (Biggar on Rabbit). Also, Rhum.
P. lepidula (Marchal) Syd. Tweed (Dunbar, on L. europaeus (Brown hare); Peebles; Gordon moss, on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit; Glen Saxon on L. timidus), Tay (Tayport on Rabbit) & Solway (Stranraer Wigtonshire on Rabbit; Dalbeattie). On Epilobium angustifolium stem Arran.
P. repens Teigh. & Le Monn. Forth (Coulsland, Midlothian on Rabbit; Corstorphine Edinb. on Rabbit; Macmerry on Rabbit; Arniston on Rabbit; Doune Ponds, Stirlingshire on Rabbit & Auchentinny on Rabbit; Slipperfield, on Rabbit; Gore Glen. Gorebridge, on Rabbit; New Hailes on Rabbit; Bawsinch, on Rabbit; Braid Hills on Horse droppings, Eccclfeccan, & Bees-craig on Rabbit; Selmuir, on Horse; Morningside, Edinb., on Neosciurus caraliniensis doppings). Tay (Pitlochry on Rabbit; Errol Park, on Rabbit), Tweed (Dawyck on Rabbit; The Hirsel, on Rabbit), Solway (Rockcliffe, on Rabbit; Logan; (Dumfries, on Rabbit), Moray (Culbin on Lepus sp.) & Sutherland (Golpspie on Rabbit).,
P. xenophila Dobbs & Engliah in leaf litter, Skye.
Z. inidiens Sommerf. Parasitizing rotifers; known from Central Highlands fide Dennis.
A. candida (Pers.) Kuntze Forth (Dick Place, Edinb., on Lunaria annua, x 1980) & Moray (Forres, on Cheiranthus, 18 iv 1889). As Cystopus: Forth (Edinburgh on L annua,,26 viii 1986; Blinkbonny Edinb., on L. annua, 18 v 1983; Edinb. on Brassica oleracea var. capitata (Cabbage), 21 viii 1945, iv 1943. ix 1946 & West Lothian 8 ii 1935; Comiston, Edinb. on culvivated Armoracia (Horse Radisjh), vi 1921; Liberton Gds, Edinb. 14 ix 1933; Longiddry, 8 v 1954; Cockburnspath, on Raphanius raphiastrum. vii 1943; Orchard Brae, on Arabis 2 vi 1973: Orchard Brae Gdns., on Capsella bursa-pastoris, 1 vi 1972 & 5 viii 1976; RBGdn. Edinb. on Arabis alpina, x 1977; Drem, on Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussel Sprouts), 28 i 1980), Solway (Kirkcubright, on Armoracia, vii 1937), Clyde (Auchincruive, on Cardamine hirsuta, 28 ix 1933), Argyll (Benmore, on Cardamine flexuosa 15 ix 1959), Ross (Stromary, W. Ross, on Cochlearia maritima, 22 ix 1960) Tay (Blairgowrie, 1 v 1954), Dee (Aberdeen on Aubretia deltoides, 5 x 1964). Known on L. annua, Aubretia deltoides, Arabis caucasica, Armoracea rusticana (Horse Radish) in S. Central Scotland and common in N. East; on Brassica napus (Swede & Turnip); rather rare but common on B. oleracea var. capitata & var. gemmifera (Brussels & Cabbages); rare 1934-31, then occasional in S. West & S, East, Dennis & Foister have published a list of it growing on weedy species of phanerogams. Clyde (Kilmun CS 1932; Ardinglas on Cochleria; Inverary on Cirsium (as Cnicus) palustris CS 1907; on Capsella bursa-pastoris CS 1911), Solway (Girvan on Capsella CS 1905; on Brassica West Kilbride CS 1921; Rozelle CS 1926, on Armoracea Castle Kennedy CS 1909) & Moray (Drumnadrochit, CS 1908; Forres & Rothiemurchus CS 1912; on Capsella; Kingarth, CS 1913; Aviemore CS 1927). Known from Orkney, Arran, Harris, Skye, Mull, Eigg & Islay on Cardimine hirsuta. Coll & Gigha on cultivated Brassica, Kintyre on C. bursa-pastoris. Old collections of Greville on Eryngium officinale; Grev, coll. as Uredo cruciferarum de Cand. & U. candida Pers. On B. oleracea var. botrytis Grev. Coll. on Armoracea as Uredo & Menzie coll. on Armoracia..prob. Scotland.10 ix 1820
A. caryophyllacearum (Wallr.) Cif. & Biga on Spegularia Mull, Orkney & Shetland.
A. legiponis Kunnz On Spergularia media Egilsay, Orkney.
P. spinulosus (de Bary) Thines as Cystopus Argyll (Oban, on Carduus arvensis 13 viii 1948) & Solway (Turnberry CS 1926). Also, Argyll (Inverary on Cirsium (Cnisus) palustre CS1907). On C. palustre Mousa Shetland & elsewhere. as var, cirsii; also, Mull & Rhum on Cirsium palustre and records on other Cirsium.spp.
P. tragopogi (Pers.) Schroet. As Albugo candida. var. tragogoni. Forth (Carrick Knowe, Edinb., on Senecio sqalidus, 18 vi 1985; Ravelston, Edinb., on S. sqaulidus, 13 vi 1983; Colinton, viii 1942; East Craigs, xi 1924; Aberlady vi 1932), Tay (St Andrews, on S. squalidus. 8 xi 1978), Tweed (Ayton, 30 x 1943) & Solway (Dalbeatie, 24 vii 1930). Shetland on Senecio & Tragopogon Tay (Killin on Cirsium palustris? vii 1928 is probably P. spinulosus q.v.above).. Possibly as Cystopus cubensis Clyde (on Cirsium Eglinton & W. Kilbride CS 1921). On Pyrethrum macrophyllum Forth (Carlowie, in garden, vi 1822.
G. prolifera (Cornu) Fischer in water Eigg as Pythium middeltonii Sparrow.
M. taylorii (Sparrow) Sparrow Known from Mull.
There have been many isolations made in Scotland on a whole range of species isolated ranging from ornamental conifers to cultivated crops causing Damping Off and/ or Root-Rot and named simply as Pythium sp. but might now be classified in a related genus.
Globi‘Phycomyetes’
This is a completely artificial grouping made up of many elements, true fungi and several other groups many distantly related to the true fungi. The latter were once classified along with other mycelial fungi, but modern methods have shown their true status. They were originally brought together and given the name ‘Phycomycetes’ because of their simple structure resembling the algae. Never-the-less, as they were originally grouped with true the fungi the different members are tabulated below. In this way some idea of their distribution can be made. These organisms are a mixture of members of the Chromistan consortium and specialized protozoa. The true fungi within this group include the mucoraceous fungi, an example being the common Bread mould, whereas the Chromista include the organisms causing Potato Blight, White Blister Rust and Downy Mildew. For one group of the true fungi, the Glomeromycota, Chris Walker, formerly of the Forestry Commission Scotland, has made a particular study and his slide-preparations are deposited in the Edinburgh fungarium (E); the Scottish records of the Slime Moulds, variously called Mycetozoa or Myxomycetes, have been reviewed by Prof Bruce Ing. The latter, although they are protozoan relatives, they are studied extensively by mycologists.
As many of the members covered herein do not form obvious fruiting bodies few are kept as herbarium specimens. I have therefore taken the liberty to include the records cited by other authorities, including coprophilous moulds recorded by M.J. Richardson in his studies on dung fungi, and Peronosporaceae (Downy mildews) compiled by Francis & Waterhouse (1968: Trans. Brit, Mycol. Soc. 80, 1-62), the latter includes more details or notes in the fungarium of Prof. J.W.Trail in Aberdeen University and those in K. Inclusion of these has allowed a better understanding of this group in Scotland, especially as the foray records of ‘Phycomycetes’ appearing in publications is usually small or non-existent and when present is restricted to a handful of taxa; their findings have been incorporated herein. It must be pointed out that Peronospora in Mycologia Scotica appears with the Hyphales! There have been some even more recent changes in the classification of the orders of the so-called phycomycetes based on molecular studies but these are not adopted here. Prof. J.H. Trail collected plant pathogens extensively and his collections are be found in Aberdeen University, but instead of being maintained under the fungus name they are to be found under the name of the host. D. Boyd who is mentioned under downy-mildews several times was based in West Kilbride and collected extensively around the area; many species he found have not been found again, probably because no-one has looked.at them.
C. caespitis Griff. & Maublanc. Forth (Orchard Brae, on newly sown lawn, 20 v 1963 – F. Sparrow Michigan USA although agreeing with symptoms thought it might be a Pythium the red colouring from colonization by a Fusarium sp.; Grace Waterhouse thought it might be Pythium). Causes root rot of turf and occurs frequently in Scotland but of minor importance fide Foister, 1956.
C. elymii nom prov. Forth (Longiddry, on Elymus arenarius, 5 ix 1970, 25 viii 1953, 24 vii 1954 & 18 ix 1953) & Dee (Aberdeen Link, on E. arenarius, 14 vi 1955).
C. menyanthis (de Bary) D. Brav. All records on Menyanthes trifoliata leaves. Moray (Aviemore, ix 1927). As Protomyces: Tay (Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, 31 viii 1955; Loch Lubnaig, 13 viii 1951), Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 8 ix 1955) & Clyde (Loch Lomond, 11 ix 1959). Also, Rhum & Colonsay as Physoderma. Collections from Sutherland as Uredo menyanthes, iv 1930 & ix 1931).
Cladochytrium sp. Forth (Pathhead, on Batrtsia odonotites, 7 xi 1928).
P. flammula Busgen Ross (Loch Achity, in Ranunculus flammula, ix 1963).
P. majus (Schroet.) Karling Argyll (Lock Eck, on Rumex acetosa 610m., 14 vi 1951 = Urophyictis).
Collections by J. Todd formerly Dept. Agriculture & Fisheries, East Craigs are in Edinburgh (E).
S. anemones (DC.) Woronin Moray (Inverness, vi 1925), Forth (in Annual Conference Additions:(Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184) & Moray (Abernethy, on Cardamine pratensis CS 1927).
S. aureum Schroet, Tay (Meall nan Tarmachen, Lawers, on Galium saxatile, 2800 ft., 10 vii 1965; Creagan Lochan, Lawers, on Thymus drucei, 635m., 27 vii 1952; Lawers, on Prunella vulgaris, 16 vi 1958; Lawers, on T. drucei, 310m., 27 vii 1954), Argyll (Ben Lui, 310m., on T. drucei, 6 vi 1959; Ben Nevis, on G. saxatile, 930m., 15 ix 1956), Moray (Glen Einich, on G. saxatile, 310m , 16 vii 1957) & Forth (Thruipmuir, on P. vulgaris, 15 vi 1959) Also, on Littorallis Mull, Bellis perennis S. Uist, T. drucei on Benbecula & Ranunculus acris Lewis. On T. drucei Arran..
S. cupulatums Thomas Clyde in 1920 Annual Conference Additions: Glasgow Nat. 6: 76).
S. endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival Causes Wart Disease of Potato – Solanum tuberosum. It might have existed in Scotland as early as 1860 based on a model in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh showing typical symptoms on potato tuber! First recorded in Clackmannanshire - Forth in 1906, although there are suggestions for its occurrence in Haddington in 1876 & 1901, Out-breaks recorded up until 1922 in small holdings, gardens & allotments in the West. Introduction of Wart Disease controls with certification & distribution carefully monitored so that disease-free export of seed potatoes can be allowed. Not known from Hebrides. See Foister, 1956.
S. erieum Karling on Plantago lanceolata Mull & Shetland. Probably as S. aueum for Clyde (on Plantago lanceolata Ardinglass CS 1906 & P. lanceolata Kingarth CS 1913)
S. globosum Schroet. Moray (Kincraig, on Viola palustris, 1 viii 1944).
S. mercurialis (Lib.) Fuck. All records on Mercurialis perennis: Forth (Temple, 25 v 1969; Balerno, 30 v 1954; Roslin v 1912 in Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184).), Tay (Dunkeld, 8 v 1950), Argyll (Kilmartin, 8 v 1966 & Garnelloch Is, 14 v 1984) & Clyde (Haggs, Kilsyth, 3 collections, v 1931; Chaterhault), Also, recorded for Mull. In Stevenson with description for Dee & Solway in App. 6. Also forming galls Arran.
S. stellariae Fuckel Forth (Tyninghame, on Stellaria media, 24 vii 1954 as S. aureum; Borthwick, on S. media,8 x 1911). Also, on S. media Argyll lLochawe CS 1908) & Solway (Stranraer CS 1909).
S. succisae de Bary & Woronin on Succisia pratensis (as Scabioa succisae). Sutherland (Kyles of Durness,29 viii 1944), Moray (Kincraig, 1 viii 1944; on Succisia as Scabiosa succisa Abernethy CS 1927; Drumnadrochit CS 1908), Argyll (Taynuilt, 21 vii 1921; Port Appin, on S. pratensis, 8 vi 1968 as S. aureum), Ross (Inchnadaph, on S. pratensis, 30 iii 1982 as S. aureum), Shelldag on K. arvensis, 3 ix 1952; Strome, 10 vi 1957 on S. pratensis) & Clyde (L. Nethan on S. pratensis). Also, on Succisia Mull.
S. taraxaci de Bary & Woronin on Taraxacum Forth (Penicuik, 14 ix 1941). Known from Kintyre. In Stevenson, App. 6 recorded but with no locality based on a Trail collection probably from Dee or Forth and may be Greville collection as Uredo cichoracearum redet. as S. taraxaci by possibly Trail. Forth added in Annual Conference 1920 additions (Edinb. Field Nats. 7: 184). On Taraxacum as S. aureum Orkney
See Walker below. There must be material and records in Dundee University where Tom Nicolson worked on the systematics of this group.
see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E)
A. nicolsonii Walker Scotland
see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E),
F. geosporum (Nichol. & Gerdemann) Walker Forth (Blinkbonny Edinb. as Glomus, with Plumbago iv 2002).
G. flavosporum (Morton Lange) Nicol. & Gerdemann Forth
G. macrosporus Tul. & Tul Moray (Dalwhinnie, by stream on bank, 29 vii 1986).
R. fasciculatus (Gerd. & Trappe) Walker Forth (RBGdn, Edinb, in plant pots as Glomus, vi 1977 (this could be a new species fide Walket). Tay (Fife as Glomus in Agropyron junceifome & Ammophila dunes).
see C. Walker’s slide collections in Edinburgh fungarium (E)
E. flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemen Forth (Bush Est., Roslin, under Pinus contorta, 1 xi 1975). Also, Rhum with Picea
E. lactiflua Berk, & Br. Argyll (Kilmun with Abies alba, 22 ix 1991), Forth (Doune, Stirling, with Salix spp., 20 ix 1991). In Central Highlands fide Dennis. Possible Berkeley Type x 1877.in E according to J. Warcup.
C. coronatus (Const.) Batko Known from Shetland.as Entomophthora..
E. exitalis Hall & Dunn on aphid, Harris.
E. muscae (Cohn.) Fres. Forth (Edinb. SSPl.B., on House fly (Musca), viii 1943 & 8 x 1961) & Solway (Moffat as Empusa on dead fly (Scotophaga stercoria) vii !957 & Moffat CS 1911, Glen Trool, 4 vii 1987 & as Empusa Thornhill CS 1948).
E. sphaerosperma Fres. On.Diptera Tiree & Colonsay
E. lampyridarum (Thaxter) Humber Tweed (Lammermuirs on Lochmaea soturalis (Heather beetle), v 1939 det. T. Petch)
F. americana (Thaxter) Humber Forth (Edinb., on Callophora on leaf of Asclepidis viii 1975) &Tay (Kirkmchael, Bridge of Cally, on large dipterean, 28 viii 1977; Blackcraig, Bridge of Cally, on dipterous host; huge epidemic with hundreds, 23 viii 1997; Auchtermuckty on muscoid insect, huge colony, 20 viii 1996). All as Entomophthora.
Z. aphidis (Fres.) Baktoo Forth (Davidsons Mains, Edinb., on aphids on Circeaea, 25 iv 1952; Craighill, Fife, on aphids on Chrtysanthemum 19 iv 1941). On aphids, Mull. Moray in Annual Conference 1920 additions (Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 6: 201).
M. aloina Peyr. Rhum & Mull.
M. bainieri Constatin. Shetland, on Hygrocybe pratensis: on Horse droppings (Equus) Saltness, Hoy, Orkney. Also, Mull.
M. globulifera Rostr. Rhum.
M. gracilia Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. humilis Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. hygrophila Linnemann Rhum & Mull.
M. macrocystis Gams Mull.
M oilifera v. Tiegm. Mull.
M. pusilla Oudem. In soil of potato field Barra.
M spinosa Linnemann Harris.
U. rammaniana (Moller) Linnemenn Mull.
C, aciculifera Lindner in leaf litter Skye.
C. pectinata Bainier on leaf litter Skye.
Uncertain position
B. verrucosspora Richardson Forth (on ptardigrade, on Sheep dung (Ovis), West Kip; on Rabbit droppings (Orycolagus cuniculus, Roslin, 7 xii 2003). Name based on specimens from Forth.
A. corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. & Trott. Mull.
A. cylindrospora Hagem Mull & on soil from peat bog Arran.
A. orchidis (Vuill.) Hagem Mull.
A. ramosa (Lindt.) Lender Mull.
A. spinoa Linder Rhum.
R. pusillus Lindt As Mucor Mull & Rhum.
Below for coprophilous species: Sheep = Ovis; Cow = Bos. Horse = Equuus & Rabbit = Orycolagus cuniculus.
C. brefeldii van Teigh & Le Mon. Forth (Normans Law, Fife; Pentland Hills; New Hailes; Newtongrange; on Rabbit droppings, Dundas Loch, Queensferry; Beescraig; Saltoun, East Lothian; West Hope, East Lothian; on Sheep droppings Portmoak)., Tweed (Black Meldrons on Rabbit droppings; West Linton; Yarrow; Stobo; Eddleston on Sheep dung; Glen Tress; Coldstrean & St Abbs), Tay (Errol Wd., Perth), Sutherland (Golspie) & Dee (Braemar). Also, St Ninians Isle, Shetland.
C. jonesii (B. & Br.) Fres. Forth (Morningside, Edinb., Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) droppings, 12 iii 2004),.
M. caninus Pers. on Dog dung Forth & Tay in Stevenson. Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908). Possible Greville collection but no locality and no confirming data.
M. circinelloides v. Tiegm. In sand dune soil Barra.
M. fragilis Bain. Mull.
M. genevensis Lender Mull.
M. hiemalis Wehmer Barra, Skye, Mull & Rhum.
M. hyalinus Cooke Tay on Vaccinium vitis-idea in Stevenson. Little understood and therefore needs attention. Type in E from Whitehall, England xii 1866
M. plumbeus Bonorden as M. spinosus Barra & Rhum.
M. racemosus Fres. Barra, Rhum & Mull.
M. silvaticus Hagem. Rhum & Mull.
M. stercorarius (Tode) Link on dung as Hydrophora for Forth, Tay, Dee & Moray in Stevenson.
M. strictus Hagem. Rhum.
M. tennerimus (Berk.) Berk. on Sarathamnus twigs, Moray in Stevenson. Little understood and therefore needs attention.
M. varians Povah in sandy soil Barra.
P. anomala Schroet. Tay (on Rabbit pellets Erroll Wd. Perth), Sutherland (on Rabbit droppings, Golspie), Solway (on Rabbit, Drumlanrig House, Dumfries), Tweed (N. Berwick, Earlston), Forth (Aberlady, Winchburgh, Mid Calder & Portmoak), Ross (on Rabbit, Gairloch), Also Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908) & Clyde, on Rabbit dung Skelemorlie CS 1921). Known on dung Shetland, Mull & Orkney incl. Egilsay, Birsay & Stronsay.
P. cesati v. Tiegm. On dung Harris.
P. moreaui Y. Ling Forth (Edinburgh on Neosciurus caroliniensis (Grey squirrel); Aberlady on Rabbit; Arthur’s Seat, Edinb.; Aniston; Ravelston Wd., Edinb.; Pentlands on Rabbit & Sheep droppings; Braids Hill, Blackford Hill both Edinb.; Selmuir on Sheep; Loanhead, & Hill End, Edinb., Craiglockart, Midlothian all on Rabbit pellets; Newtongrange on Rabbit; Saltoun, East Lothian & Bees-craig West Lothian; Doune Ponds all on Rabbit; Scotlandwell, Kinross on Sheep, Sauchie, Stirlingshire; Castle Campbell, Dollar; Tillicoutry; East Lothian & Fife), Solway (Logan Bot Gdn., Wigtonshire, on Rabbit, Friars Carse, Dumfries, on Deer (Cervus); Dalbeattie, Kirkculbright, on Rabbit), Tweed (Clover Law, on Sheep & Rabbit; Black Meldrons and Caemuir on Rabbit; Eidon Hillis. Roxburghshire, on Rabbit; Mellerstain; on Rabbit & Deer, St Abbs, Berwickshire; on Gordon Moss on Rabbit & Deer), Argyll (Garloch, on Rabbit), Tay (Glen Lyon on Sheep & Deer), Dee (Forvie on Rabbit, Cairnwell, on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare); Glen Shee on L. timidus, Braemar on Rabbit, Cervus elaphanus (Red deer) & L. timidus), Clyde (Symington on Rabbit; Biggar on L. timidus) & Moray (Curr Wd., on scats of Martes martes (Pine martin). Also, records for Orkney incl. Graemsay, & Egilsay on Rabbit & L. europeus (Brown hare) & Harris & Tiree on L. europeus & Shetland on Rabbit & Horse dung.
T. elegans Link Forth (East Craigs, om Beta seed no further data). Recorded from St, Kilda.
Z. moelleri Vuill. Barra, Rhum & Mull.
Z. psychrophilus Schipper & Hintika Mull.
uncertain position.
S. melanocarpus Ehrenb. Clyde (Chaterhault on Mycena pura & M. galopus & Falls of Clyde on M. filope;as Sporodinia aspergillus on Agaricus campesris Mountstewart CS 1921) & Forth (RBGd., Edinb., as Sporodinia grandis on Inocybe asterospora 13 viii 1954; Gifford on Russula nigricans, 18 x 1961). Solway (Moffat as Sporodinia aspergillus on rotten agaric CS 1911). Also, known from Heggies Moor, 19 v 2002), Tay (on decaying Russula as Sporodinia dichotoma in Stevenson Also, as Mucor ramosus on decaying fungi for Tay in Stevenson. Moray added in App. 6.
P. blakesleeanus Burgoff Forth (Stirling, on old food and bird droppings on bird table, 15 x 2009), Solway (on Rabbit droppings, Dumfries), Forth (Arthurs Seat, on Rabbit) & Orkney Hobbister on Lepus europaeus.
P. nitens (Agardh.) Kunze Forth (Harlaw on Rabbit droppings; Craiglochart on Rabbit droppings; Ravelston: Corstorphine; New Hailes; Saltoun, East Lothian; Whitburn, West Lothian & Ormiston; RBGdn, Edinb. on peat walls, ix 1990), Dee (Aberdeen, on rat bait, v 1955), Clyde (Lanark in tomato house of Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato), 19 v 1935) & Solway (Dumfries on Rabbit droppings). Also, Gigha. Clyde in Annual Conference 1920 additions on cat dung. Trans. Roy. Arboric. Soc. 34; 55. In Stevenson in App. 6 recorded for Forth & Tay. Old coll. 1867 possibly of Greville - Lawsons nursery, Lanark)
P. cf. perrotianus Morini Rhum. Collection in E dated 1 ix 1964 but no further data.
S. fusiger (Link) v. Tiegm. Forth (Bush Est., Roslin on Mycena inclinata, 2 x 1964; West Calder. 3 viii 2003).,. Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908), Solway (on rotten agaric Pinmore CS 1905), Clyde (Rothesay on decaying Mycena CS 1913) & Tay (Crieff on agaric, CS 1911; rotting agaric Faskally CS 1906On decaying agarics Tweed, Tay, Dee, Moray & Ross in Stevenson. Known from Orkney on M. sanguinolenta & Shetland on M. sanguimnolenta., on Mycena Skye, Rhum & Eigg & on Gymnopus peronatus Arran.
P. crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode Tweed (Dawyck, on Gynnopus (Collybia) dryophila 5 vii 2000), Forth (Cappercleuch on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare) droppings; Bawsinch, Edinb, on Rabbit; Gore Glen, Gorebridge, on Rabbit; Slipperfield, on Rabbit; Hare Hill, Midlothian on L. timidus; Gosford; New Hailes on Rabbit; Bannockburn on Rabbit; Calderwood, Midlothian on Rabbit; Pentlands on Sheep & Rabbit & Altermuir on L. timidus & Sheep; Bavelaw, Balerno, on Sheep; Midcalder; Kirknewton on Rabbit; Edinburgh on Rabbit; Braid Hills & Blackford, Edinb., Portmoak on Rabbit & ? Cervus caprolus (Roe deer); Hillend; Craiglockhart on Rabbit; Craighall, Edinbugh on Cow; Dollar on Sheep & Rabbit; Tilllicoultry on Sheep & Rabbit; Harpelaw, Midlothian; Kinross on Roe deer & Sheep; East Lomond, Fife on Rabbit & Sheep; Cleish, on Sheep & Deer & on Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) Bonaly, Edinburh). Argybbb (Ben More on Rabbit; Beinn Resopil on Sheep; Ben Hiaunt on Sheep; Ardnamurchan on Sheep; Glen Masson, Ben More on Rabbit); Tweed (Binning Wd. East Lothian on C. capreolus (Roe deer); Glen Sax, Peebles on L. timidus; Lammermuirs on C. caproelus &?Sciurus vulgaris (Red squirrel) ; Kelso on Rabbit; Whitmuir on L. timidus; Hangingshaw on Rabbit & Horse droppings; Stobo on C. capreolus; Ettrick on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit & L. europeus & on Dama dama (Fallow deer); St Abbs on Rabbit & Sheep; Eddleston, on Deer; Stobo both on C. capreolus; Mellerstain, on Rabbit; Eildon on Rabbit; Kelso on L. europaeus; Selkirk; Penicuik on Sheep; Peebles on L. timidus; Coldstream, on Rabbit;, Peebles on Deer; Hirsel on Rabbit; Black & White Meldrums on Sheep; Crieff on Rabbit; Cadermuir, Peebles on Rabbit; Broughton on Sheep & Rabbit), Clyde (Symington, on L. timidus; Biggar on Rabbit & L. timidus), Solway (Dumfries on Rabbit, Cow & Sheep; Dalry on Sheep & Cow; Cariffran on Sheep & Cow; Dealbeatie, Kirkcudbright on Rabbit, Deer & Sheep; Rockcliffe on Rabbit & C. capreolus; Castle Kennedy & Logan each on Rabbit), Dee (Forvie on Rabbit; Newburgh Warren, Aberdeen on Rabbit; Braemar C. elaphus; Glen Shee on Lepus timidus, C. elaphus and Rabbit), Tay (Beinn Heagarich on C. elaphus; Black Wd of Rannoch on Deer; Bridge of Earn on Deer; Callandar on Sheep & C. capreolus; Kindrogan on Deer; Glen Cova on C. elaphus; Glen Lyon on Sheep & Deer; Ben Lawers on C. elaphus, Sheep & Cow; Pitlochry on C. elaphus & Rabbit; Aberfeldy on Sheep; Crieff on Rabbit), Argyll (Symington on Rabbit, L. timidus & Sheep, Lanark on sheep), Moray (Kincraig, on Rabbit; Coylum Bridge, Aviemore, on C. elaphus and on Martes martes (Pine martin) scat; Curr Wd. Inverness-shire, on M. martes scat & Rabbit). Also, Drumnadrochit CS 1908. Recorded on dung for Harris, N. Uist,, Rhum, Mull & Colonsay, Shetland on Cow, Deer & Horse dung, Orkney on Rabbit incl. Graemsay on Rabbit, Egilsay on Rabbit & Cow & Wyre on Sheep; Skye on Sheep & Rabbit; Fair Isle. Yell, Shetland & St Kilda. Tweed, Tay & Moray in Stevenson on sheep & rabbit droppings. Sporangia have been found on several occasions scattered on the panes of glass in greenhouses having been projected from sporangiophores developed on the dung mulch used as dressing. Deer refers to an unidentified species, whether C. elahanus, C. capreolus or C. nippon (Sika deer)..
P. kleinii v. Tiegm. Tay (Beinn Heagarich on Cervus elaphanus; Colin Burtt Res., Killin on C. capreolus; Callendar on Sheep; Black Wd of Rannoch, on C. elaphanus; Kindrogan, on Deer & Horse; Balquidar, on Sheep), Forth (Tillicoutry, Clackmnann on Sheep & Rabbit; Dalkeith on Cow; Saltoun, East Lothian on Rabbit; Cleish on Sheep; Selmuir on Sheep; Normans Law, Fife, on Rabbit; Mannuel, Linlithgow on Sheep; Braids Hill, Edinb., on Horse; Winchburgh on Rabbit; Portmoak on Rabbit; Pentlands on Sheep), Tweed (Stobo on Rabbit, Cattle & C. capreolus; Lauder, Berwickshire on Rabbit; Whitmuir on C. capreolus & Lepus europaeus; Cadermuir, Peebles on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit & C. capreolus; Hirsel on Rabbit; Mellerstain, on Rabbit), Solway (Carrifran on Horse; Dalry on Sheep & Cow; Rockcliffe on Sheep) & Sutherland (Strahmore on Sheep), On dung St Kilda, Shetland, Harris, Coll: on Horse dung Mousa; also, know from Unst.& Colonsay; Orkney Skara Brae, Wyre & Hoy. On sheep dung Arran.
P. lentiger Corda on Rabbit & Cow dung, Midlothian. Also, on Lepus europaeus Orkney.
P. oedipus Mont. Tay (Perth, on C. capreolus), Solway (Dumfries) & Forth (Kinross; Midlothian, on C. capreolus droppings and on Cow dung; Kirknewton). Also, on Rabbit Orkney.
P. roridus (Bolton) Pers, on dung Tay in Stevenson. Solway (on Lepus sp, dung, Moffat).
P. umbonatus Buller Forth (Cammo, Edinburgh, on Rabbit; Selmuir on C. capreolus; Devilla Wd., Fife; 1 vi 2003; Doune Ponds & Dalkeith all on Rabbit), Tweed (Broughton, on Sheep droppings), Tay (Callandar on Sheep; Montcreiffe & Bridge of Earn both on C. capreolus), Moray (Curr Wd, nr. Nethy Bridge on Rabbit) & Tweed (on C. nippono (Sika dee)r droppings, Dawyck).
R. stolonifer (Erhb,) Vuill. with short description, on decaying Cucumis melo Tay in Stevenson. Also, as Ascophora mucedo on bread for all Watersheds except Sutherland, Argyll, Solway & Moray. Forth (Blinkbonny as Mucor mucedo, on Cat droppings, iv 1990. Blinkbonny, Edinb. on over-ripe Cucumis melo, 8 xi 2010), As Mucor mucedo on decaying fruit, paste etc., for all Watersheds except Sutherland, Moray & Argyll in Stevenson
C. musae (Sor.) Berl. & de Toni in soil, Barra,
S. depressa v. Tiegm. & Le Monn. Forth (On Sheep droppings, East Lomond, Fife). Also, on Rabbit Orkney. In leaf litter Skye.
S. tenuis Thaxter in leaf litter, Skye.
H. sarcocephalum Thaxter Tay (on Horse droppings, Kindrogan).
R. magnus Berl. Forth (on Rabbit droppings Midlothian).
P. arrhizus v. Teigh, et le Mol. Forth (Bannockburn on Rabbit droppings).
P. cylindrospora Bainier Forth (Balerno on Rabbit). Also, Mull.
P. fimbriata Rich. & Leadb. Forth (Balerno on Rabbit; Pentlands, on Lepus timidus (Mountain hare); Kinross on Cervus capreolus; Gifford, East Lothian on C. capreolus), Tweed (Black Meldrons & Clover Law, Peebles, on Rabbit; South Park Wd., Peebles, on C, capreoplus) & Clyde (Biggar on Rabbit pellets). In leaf-litter Skye
P. freseniana de Bary. Tweed (Lauder,,Broughton on Rabbit), Forth (Newtongrange on Rabbit; Corstorphine & Ravelston Hill both Edinburgh; Morniongside Edinb., Arthurs Seat & Blackford Hill, Edinb. all on Rabbit; West Hope, Gifford & Normans Law, Fife; Pentland on L. timidus; Saltoun, on Rabbit; Scotlandwell, on Rabbit; Morningside Edinb. in garden on Neosciurus caraliniensis (Grey squirrel) droppings), Solway (Dalbeattie, on Rabbit) & Clyde (Biggar on Rabbit). Also, Rhum.
P. lepidula (Marchal) Syd. Tweed (Dunbar, on L. europaeus (Brown hare); Peebles; Gordon moss, on Rabbit; Dawyck on Rabbit; Glen Saxon on L. timidus), Tay (Tayport on Rabbit) & Solway (Stranraer Wigtonshire on Rabbit; Dalbeattie). On Epilobium angustifolium stem Arran.
P. repens Teigh. & Le Monn. Forth (Coulsland, Midlothian on Rabbit; Corstorphine Edinb. on Rabbit; Macmerry on Rabbit; Arniston on Rabbit; Doune Ponds, Stirlingshire on Rabbit & Auchentinny on Rabbit; Slipperfield, on Rabbit; Gore Glen. Gorebridge, on Rabbit; New Hailes on Rabbit; Bawsinch, on Rabbit; Braid Hills on Horse droppings, Eccclfeccan, & Bees-craig on Rabbit; Selmuir, on Horse; Morningside, Edinb., on Neosciurus caraliniensis doppings). Tay (Pitlochry on Rabbit; Errol Park, on Rabbit), Tweed (Dawyck on Rabbit; The Hirsel, on Rabbit), Solway (Rockcliffe, on Rabbit; Logan; (Dumfries, on Rabbit), Moray (Culbin on Lepus sp.) & Sutherland (Golpspie on Rabbit).,
P. xenophila Dobbs & Engliah in leaf litter, Skye.
Z. inidiens Sommerf. Parasitizing rotifers; known from Central Highlands fide Dennis.
A. candida (Pers.) Kuntze Forth (Dick Place, Edinb., on Lunaria annua, x 1980) & Moray (Forres, on Cheiranthus, 18 iv 1889). As Cystopus: Forth (Edinburgh on L annua,,26 viii 1986; Blinkbonny Edinb., on L. annua, 18 v 1983; Edinb. on Brassica oleracea var. capitata (Cabbage), 21 viii 1945, iv 1943. ix 1946 & West Lothian 8 ii 1935; Comiston, Edinb. on culvivated Armoracia (Horse Radisjh), vi 1921; Liberton Gds, Edinb. 14 ix 1933; Longiddry, 8 v 1954; Cockburnspath, on Raphanius raphiastrum. vii 1943; Orchard Brae, on Arabis 2 vi 1973: Orchard Brae Gdns., on Capsella bursa-pastoris, 1 vi 1972 & 5 viii 1976; RBGdn. Edinb. on Arabis alpina, x 1977; Drem, on Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussel Sprouts), 28 i 1980), Solway (Kirkcubright, on Armoracia, vii 1937), Clyde (Auchincruive, on Cardamine hirsuta, 28 ix 1933), Argyll (Benmore, on Cardamine flexuosa 15 ix 1959), Ross (Stromary, W. Ross, on Cochlearia maritima, 22 ix 1960) Tay (Blairgowrie, 1 v 1954), Dee (Aberdeen on Aubretia deltoides, 5 x 1964). Known on L. annua, Aubretia deltoides, Arabis caucasica, Armoracea rusticana (Horse Radish) in S. Central Scotland and common in N. East; on Brassica napus (Swede & Turnip); rather rare but common on B. oleracea var. capitata & var. gemmifera (Brussels & Cabbages); rare 1934-31, then occasional in S. West & S, East, Dennis & Foister have published a list of it growing on weedy species of phanerogams. Clyde (Kilmun CS 1932; Ardinglas on Cochleria; Inverary on Cirsium (as Cnicus) palustris CS 1907; on Capsella bursa-pastoris CS 1911), Solway (Girvan on Capsella CS 1905; on Brassica West Kilbride CS 1921; Rozelle CS 1926, on Armoracea Castle Kennedy CS 1909) & Moray (Drumnadrochit, CS 1908; Forres & Rothiemurchus CS 1912; on Capsella; Kingarth, CS 1913; Aviemore CS 1927). Known from Orkney, Arran, Harris, Skye, Mull, Eigg & Islay on Cardimine hirsuta. Coll & Gigha on cultivated Brassica, Kintyre on C. bursa-pastoris. Old collections of Greville on Eryngium officinale; Grev, coll. as Uredo cruciferarum de Cand. & U. candida Pers. On B. oleracea var. botrytis Grev. Coll. on Armoracea as Uredo & Menzie coll. on Armoracia..prob. Scotland.10 ix 1820
A. caryophyllacearum (Wallr.) Cif. & Biga on Spegularia Mull, Orkney & Shetland.
A. legiponis Kunnz On Spergularia media Egilsay, Orkney.
P. spinulosus (de Bary) Thines as Cystopus Argyll (Oban, on Carduus arvensis 13 viii 1948) & Solway (Turnberry CS 1926). Also, Argyll (Inverary on Cirsium (Cnisus) palustre CS1907). On C. palustre Mousa Shetland & elsewhere. as var, cirsii; also, Mull & Rhum on Cirsium palustre and records on other Cirsium.spp.
P. tragopogi (Pers.) Schroet. As Albugo candida. var. tragogoni. Forth (Carrick Knowe, Edinb., on Senecio sqalidus, 18 vi 1985; Ravelston, Edinb., on S. sqaulidus, 13 vi 1983; Colinton, viii 1942; East Craigs, xi 1924; Aberlady vi 1932), Tay (St Andrews, on S. squalidus. 8 xi 1978), Tweed (Ayton, 30 x 1943) & Solway (Dalbeatie, 24 vii 1930). Shetland on Senecio & Tragopogon Tay (Killin on Cirsium palustris? vii 1928 is probably P. spinulosus q.v.above).. Possibly as Cystopus cubensis Clyde (on Cirsium Eglinton & W. Kilbride CS 1921). On Pyrethrum macrophyllum Forth (Carlowie, in garden, vi 1822.
G. prolifera (Cornu) Fischer in water Eigg as Pythium middeltonii Sparrow.
M. taylorii (Sparrow) Sparrow Known from Mull.
There have been many isolations made in Scotland on a whole range of species isolated ranging from ornamental conifers to cultivated crops causing Damping Off and/ or Root-Rot and named simply as Pythium sp. but might now be classified in a related genus.
G. de baryanum (Hesse) Uzahashi et al. as Pythium causing Damping Off and Root- Rot in Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato) & not infrequently as Damping Off in Lepidium sativum (Cress): fide Foister,1961.
G. intermedium (de Bary) Uzuhasti et al. as Pythium causing Root-Rot of Narcissus: fide Foister,1961.
G. megalacanthum (de Bary) Uzahashi et al as Pythium causing Damping-off in Chrysanthemum morifolium E. & S. Central and S. East Scotland and in the last severe in 1947-48: fide Foister, 1961.
G. ultimum (Trow.) Uzahashi et al. as Pythium causing Watery Wound Rot in Solanum tuberosum (Potato) being severe in several centres over a twenty-year period. Possibly on Phleum pratense causing Root Rot and on Agrostis tenuis: fide Foister, 1961.
P. complectens (Braun.) Abad. de Cock et al. as Pythium causing Damping-Off in Mentzelia (Bartonia): fide Foister, 1961.
P. aquatile Huhnk in water S. Uist.
E. dicksonii (Wright) Magnus on brown alga, Ectocarpus in Scottish waters around coast.
E. tumefaciens (Magnus) Sparrow on Ceramium in Scottish Waters.
placed in the ‘Hyphomycetes’ by Srevenson
B. lactucae Regel Forth ((Dalkeith Palace, on Cirsium vukgare (as lanceolatus), x 1941 & v 1942; on Centaurea scabiosa Corstorphine, ix 1939 & on Hypochoeris radicata Corstorphine, v 1942 in K; Roslin x 1908); Solway (on Heliochrysum Castle Douglas, viii 1952 & Moffat, ix 1911; on C. arvense (as Cnicus) Auchincruiye ix 1934); Dee (on Senecio cruentum Aberdeen, 1934; on Lactuca sativa (as B. lactucae subsp. lactucae), pre 1988; Aberdeen, viii 1952; on S. jacobea as P. lactucae Trail coll., as P. gangliformis Old Aberdeen, x 1882; on C. vulgare; Aberdeen on S. elegans viii 1952 in K; , Tay (Loch Lochy on Crepis paludosa, viii 1968; Crieff ix 1910; Kinfauns, pre-1879; Perth pre 1879; , Parkhill, Arbroath viii 1942 Castlesea, Arbroath, viii 1944 & ix 1944; Bankfoot, vii 1942; Boarshill, St Andrews, vi 1981; Bridge of Earn, viii 1940); Ross (Applecross on Leontodon, vi 1947), Clyde (Cadzow Castle, ix 1959), Clyde (Mountgrennan on Taraxacum CS 1928 & Crookston & Girvan CS 1905; Hunterston on S. elegans, pre-1908; on S. vulgaris CS 1911; Ardrossan, Seamill, pre-1897; Hamilton, ix 1969; West Kilbride, as P. lactucae, viii 1889; Seamill, pre-1894; Tarbet viii 1888 & Isle of Bute on Centaurea nigra, pre-1913; Noddersdale on Sonchus asper pre-1894,rare fide Boyd), Tweed (Dawyck, x 1946 on S. jacobea; also, Peebles CS 1946), Argyll (Inverary, on S. vulgaris, Inverary CS ix 1907, Glen Roy on Crepis paludosa , viii 1968 in K.), Moray (on S. vulgaris CS 1910; Drumnadrochit on Taraxacum CS 1908; Monachie, as Peronospora gangliformis on S. sylvaticus, v 1884; on Sonchus arvensis pre-1887; Old Aberdeen as P. gangliformis Trail coll., Old Aberdeen on Taraxacum 1882),. On Taraxacum Dee, Moray & Tay as Peronospora. lactucae. As Peronospora gangaliformis on Sonchus for Tay in Stevenson. On S. oleraceus Dee, Moray & Tay common fide Trail.As B. lactucae on Cirsium (as Cnicus) palustre Trail coll., also Dee, Moray & Tay Trail collections as P. gangliformis, common fide Trail. On Galliardia Tay pre-1959. As P. lactucae common Moray &Tay fide Trail. on Lactuca sativa Clyde, Forth & Solway pre-1942 but rare on Lactuca sativa (Lettice), widely distributed and common, in field crops, as well as under glass, where most damage is found. Moray common fide Trail. Also, on S. vulgaria Islay. On Sinapsis arvensis Skye. On Taraxacum officinale Dee, Moray & Tay common fide Trail.On Centaurea nigra Skye & Rhum, Mull on Centaurea (= B. centaurae Syd.) & Kintyre on C. nigra; Ross (Gairloch, x 1946). On Sonchus Mull, on Lentonodon Mull; also, Skye & Ross (Appelcross vi 1957 in K); & on Cirsium arvense Skye. On C. palustre Skye & Mull & on Senecio vulgaris Islay. Downy Mildew of Cineraria, Lactuca sativa & widely distributed on Galliardia aristata (Blanket Flower) in Tay pre-1955 and common most years; greatest damage under glass, fide Foister, 1958. Peronospora brassicae is has often used for this name.
B. sonchi Saw. On Sonchus oleraceus as B. lactucae Mull. Probably also on S. asper & S. oleraceus as Peronospora lactucae Noddersdale, Clyde.
H. galligena Blumer Causing Downy Mildew of Alyssum saxatile (Alyssum Golden Dust) in Foister, 1958.
H. niessleriana Berl. on Sisymbrium pre-1887 as Peronospora parasitica - no further details.
H. rorippae-islandicae (Gaum.) Goker et al. Tiree on Nasturtium (possibly as Peronospora rorrippae-islandica).
P. leptosperma de Bary Moray (nr. Greeshope on Pyrethrum inodorum (= Tripleurospermum), vii 1809 & vii 1884).
P. affinis Rossm. Tay (Bairgowrie, vii 1941; Dunkeld ix 1953; nr Perth x 1889) & Clyde (Isle of Cumrae, on Fumaria sp. pre-1913), Dee (nr. Aberdeen on Fumaria densa pre-1887), Forth (Milnathorpe, on F. officianalis viii 1889), Moray (Forres, Edgefirld vii 1882; Greeshope, pre 1882 & vii pre-1884). On Fumaria officinalis in Stevenson App. 6 with short description for Moray, probably referring to Greeshppe collections. On Fumaria sp. Isle of Cumrae & Tay (Dunkeld & Blairgowrie in K). Also, recorded for Orkney.
P. agrestis Gaum. Moray (Rothes vi 1977). Also, on Veronica agrestis S. Uist & V. filiformis Skye & Gigha. Dee (nr. Aberdeen, on Veronica chamaedtrys 1888),
P. alchemillae Otth. Moray (Rothiemorchus as Peronospora potentiliae viii 1984).
P. alsinearum Casp. Moray (Forres viii 1981; Feshie Bridge, viii 1985), Sutherland (Tongue ix 1954 as Peronospora media), Tay (Edzell viii 1962; nr. Murthley, viii 1894), Tweed (Achincrow v 1953) & Forth (Flanders Moss, ix 1968; Morden Edinb., viii 1940; Tantallon Castle, viii 1965; Isle of May on Stellaria media, viii 1947; Borthwick CS 1911); Clyde (Cookston, ix 1904; Seamill pre-1897 & on S. media ix 1904), Dee (Old Aberdeen & v 1910), On S. media as P. media. In Stevenson App 6. on S. media, Cerastium trivialis & Scleranthus annuus with description Moray & Dee. On S. media St Kilda, Islay, Kintyre, Orkney incl Egilsay & Shetland incl. St Ninians.
P. alta Fuck. Forth (Barnton, ix 1921), Tay (Birnham 1953, Finscastle vii 1963; Ben Lawers vii 1957; Carse of Gowrie, Dundee vi 1941 in K; nr. St Andrews x 1989). Moray (Nurtain nursery, on Plantago media, viii 1953) & Solway (Kilkenan, on Plantago sp., ix 1913), Clyde (Auchens & Dundonald, Dallmellington, Dalry, Kilwinnig. Cortraive, Inverary, Isles of Bute & Cumbrae on P. lanceolata; Rothesay on P. major CS 1913), Dee (nr. Aberdeen autumn 1888), Forth (nr. Callendar, autumn 1888; Dunfermline, viii 1895). Also, on P. lanceolata Lewis & P. major Islay, Lewis, Tiree, Skye, Coll & Mull. Orkney incl. Birsay. On P. major Arran
P. antirrhini Schroet. Forth (First recorded in N. Berwick district, 1948, fide Foister) & Dee (Aberdeen on Anthirrinum majus (Snap-Dragon), vi 1950 in K). Recorded in Foister (1958) for North, N. East (Dee & Moray), S. Central, Ross & Sutherland and S. West - Clyde & Solway..
P. aparines (de Bary) Gaum. Forth (Castle Toward v 1984; Stirling Univ. as P. calotheca, v 1974), Tweed (Glen Doick, x 1961), Argyll (Loch Etive, iv 1964; Strachur on Galium aparine). Several collections from Clyde incl. Cowal, Glen Calahl Castle v 1887; Ardrossan & Lochwinnoch pre-1910, Dee (Persely Glen, x Aberdeen pre-viii 1882). Also, Islay & Birsay, Orkney. On Galium aparine Islay, Bute & Arran.
P, arborescens (Berk.) de Bary Moray (Forres, on Meconopsis latifolium, vi 1981; Forres pre-1887), Dee (nr Aberdeen vii 1928; Glasiel, vi 1928; Old Aberdeen on Papaver dubium ix 1883 & viii 1886), Forth (Forth pre-1942; Edinburgh Univ. on P. rhaeos, vii 1966; Edinb. Bot.Gdn., vii 1930, on M. simplicifolia, on M. grandis, M. horridula, M. pradii, M. integrifolia M. parviculata & M. superba) & Tay (Kirkmichael on P. somniferum, viii 194. Also, Tay (Lunan Montrose, on Papaver argemonie vi 1885 as Peronospora argemoniensis according to D. Reid this may be a separate species described by Gaumann, and which may be the same as Peronospora cristatum. On Meconopsis spp. causing death of seedlings & on Papaver dubium & P. somniferum causing mildew fide Foister, 1958. Also, known from Argyll, Clyde, Moray, Solway & Tweed. In Stevenson in App. 6 on Papaver dubium,
P. arenariae (Berk.) Tul. Forth (Stirling Univ. as Peronospora calotheca, v 1974) & Sutherland (Glen Dorcha x 1961). Clyde (on Moerhingia (as Minuartia) trinervis Bute, nr. Carley pre-1894 & pre-1915; North Kilbride, vii 1897; W. Kilbride pre-1894; Inverkip vi 1909; Noddersdale, pre-1894; Annan, & Ardrossan, pre-1910; not common fide Boyd), Moray (Greenhope, pre-1884), Dee (Persley Glen, Aberdeen viii 1882). On Arenaria trinervis for Tay & Moray in Stevenson. On A. pallida, Dee (Brechin coll. by Ferguson but no further data).
P. arthurii Farlow First recorded as causing Downy Mildew in small nursery unit growing Clarkia elegans & C. pulchella in 1951 until 1954; on C. elegans to East Craigs offices, vii 1954. (Foister,1958).
P. calotheca de Bary Clyde (Eglinton, on Galium saxatile CS 1921), Forth (Stenton iv 1961), Tay (Glamis v 1877 - host unnamed), Moray (Forres 1912; Cluny Hill & Sanquahar ix 1912; Dunphail pre-1885 on Asperula odorata) & Tay (Unnamed host Dron & Craighall, pre-1879. Clyde (Noddersdale, on G. odoratum, pre-1894; not common fide Boyd). On Asperula (as Galium) odoratum with description for Tay (Glamis vii 1877 in Stevenson. On Galium aparine Arran.
P. chrysosplenii Fuckel Clyde (Dalry v 1908 on Chrysosplenum alternifoliolium a commonly distributed host but rarely infected fide Boyd) & Moray (Greenhope, on C. oppositifolia iv 1886).
P. conferta (Ung.) Ung. Tay (Tay Strath Bran, ix 1953; Ben Lawers, on Cerastium alpinum vii 1956 as Peronospora alsinareacum), Argyll (Applecross, vi 1947; Oban, vii 1968; Cladich, on C. trivialis ix 1888), Dee (Old Aberdeen, vii 1984), Sutherland (Bettyhill, in dunes, v 1985) & Ross - several records in K incl. on unidentified Cerastium spp. As P. alsinacearum Dee (coll. Trail pre- 1888.but no further data) & Moray (Grantown, viii 1881). On Cerastium sp. Islay, Skye, Shetland; & on Cerastium holosteoides Harris, S. Uist, Skye, Mull, Islay & Orkney. Also, on C. fontaum Shetland, S.Uist, Harris & Mull.
P. conglomerata Fuck. Solway (Kintyre, on Geranium? pusillum, ix 1980 in K).
P. cristata Tranchz. Clyde (Tarbet, Kintyre ix 1980 on Meconopsis cambrica as Peronospora arborescens in K). qv. above.
P. debaryi Salmon & Ware Forth (Edinburgh vii 1928; Inveresk xi 1941). Also, Clyde (Troon & Bute), Dee (Old Aberdeen, viii 1886 collections from Aberdeen on U. urens were labelled P. urticae) & Moray (Sanquhar vi pre-1884; Portsoy viii 1886). As Peronospora urticae on Urtica urens Islay, Orkney incl. Birsay, Bute & Coll. Also, as P. urticae for Tay & Dee in Stevenson.
P. destructor (Berk.) Casp. Dee (Aberdeen, viii 1886), Moray (Forres vi 1884 on Allium ascalonicum v 1952), Tay (Blairgowrie vi 1942; Arbroath on Allium spp., in garden, viii 1944). Clyde (pre-1942 on A. cepa as Peronospora schleidinii & on A. ascolonicum) & Forth (nr Edinburgh 1988). Causing Downy Mildew of Allium porrum, A. ascalonicum & A. cepa (Leek, Shallot & Onion), although rather rare on the first; with infections in 1949 & 1952. Known as P. schliedonii on shallots from !942, 1947 and 1951 in N. East, 1953-54, North N. East and Central and 1956 in S. East and 1957 in N. East, Ross, Sutherland, Tay Dee & Moray fide Foister (1958).
P. digitalis Gaum. Moray (as P. sordida Dunphail vii pre-1884). On Digitalis purpurea Skye.
P. farinosa (Fr.) Fr. Forth (East Lothian on Spinacea oleracea (Sugar beet), 1957; Forth (Edinburgh on Chenopodium sp., viii 1913; Fife, vii 1940; Haddington vi 1942), Tay (Cupar as P. rumicis on Chenopodium pre-1930) & Tweed (Ayton, on Chenopodium 1950 fide Foister; on Chenopodium pre-1879). Causing Downy Mildew on Spinacea in Foister, 1958. Also, Argyll (Loch Eck on R. acetoa v 1984 in K). Clyde (Seamill as P. effusa 1894), Moray (Forres, Manse garden vi 1881; Forres vi 1884 & 1851), Dee (Trail from Aberdeen & nr. Aberdeen. vi & vii 1889), Solway (Turnberry as Peronospora effusa on Atriplex CS 1926) & Clyde (W. Kilbride, Coway, Strathlechan pre-1894; Strachan vi 1905 all on Rumex acetosa; not common fide Boyd)) & Moray (Grantown viii 1894). Known from Tweed, Forth & Tay in Stevenson as P. efffusa. As Peronospora effusa on S. oleracea (Spinach) ssp, spinacea) Forth (Edinburgh, Foxhall as Botrytis effusa. v iii 1822) & Tweed pre-1879. Also, as P. sachachtii for two records during 1924-57; twice recorded as P. mangelas Ayton 1950 & East Lothian 1957 on Beta vulgaris fide Foister (1958). Also, noted for Shetland incl. Fair Isle.
P. ficariae Tul. Ross (Loch Ailine on Ranunculus ficaria 19 iv 1978. Barr Loch Morven, vi 1979), Clyde (Castle Toward, v 1984; Rozelle ix 1926; Kilkerran & Rozelle CS 1926; Noddersdale & W. Kibride pre-1879; Cowal Castle & Inverary). Forth (Roslin iv 1961; Arniston vi 1913; CS 1920; in additions in Roy. Arboric. Soc. 29; 183), Sutherland (Bettyhill, v 1985), Moray (Aviemore CS 1927; Drumnadrochet v 1980 & Dunnphil pre-1864 - host indeterminate), Sutherland (Tongue vi 1877) & Tay (Duppin nr. Glamis ix.1877 in K). On R. ficaria & R. repens with short description for Tay in Stevenson. Also known from Islay, Skye incl. Staffa, Mull, Gigha & Shetland: on R. ficaria. On unnamed hosts Clyde area ix 1926.
P. galii Fuck. Tay (Glamis as Peronospora calotheca ix 1977; Dron & Craighill on Galium vernum pre-1879), Dee (Cults 1886 as P. calotheca on G.boreale) & Clyde (Eglinton ix 1921 as P. calotheca on G. saxatile. Seamill & Yonderfield pre-1894; W. Kilbride on G. verum). Also, on Galium vernum S. Uist.
P. gei Syd. Dee (Balngowie nr Aberdeen as P. alchemillae var. gei, viii 1886 on Geum riviale).
P. grisea Unger Tweed (Glen Tress, vii 1951), Sutherland (Tongue ix 1954 in K), Tweed (Glentress vii 1951). Forth (Dunblane vi 1914; Edinburgh vii 1926 & Gifford, x 1958; in additions in CS 1920 in Roy. Arboric. Soc. 29 183) & Argyll (nr Oban on Hebe sp., xi 1984; Morven on V. serpifolia, vi 1979; Kennara ix 1968), Clyde (Cowal, v 1983 & vi 1985; Coalake, v 1934, Montgrennan on V. beccabunga CS 1921; on V. serpifolia Bute & West Kilbride CS 1921; Loch Fine, Noddersdale, West Kilbbride, pre-1894; Dundonnald, Milngarvie & Auchan, viii 1908; common fide Boyd), Dee (nr. Aberdeen x 1886 & Bridge of Don x 1886; Aboyne all on Veronica becabunga), Moray (pre-1887; on unnamed host Rothiemurchus ix 1927 & Aviemore CS 1927), Tay (Baldavan Dundee, v 1846; Parkfield pre-1879) & Solway (Durideer pre-1908), Unnamed host Tay (Parkfield, pre-1879). On V. becabunga CS 1910. Recorded on Veronica for Forth, Tay & Dee in Stevenson. On V. beccabunga Bute, Lismore, Cumrae Gigha & Kintyre. Several records on V. beccabunga & V. serpifolia Lewis & Skye.
P. honchenyae Syd., Solway (Stranraer on Honchenya. peploides ix 1989). Also, on H. peploides Lewis, Mousa & Yell, and Mainland Shetland & Orkney), Stevenson App. 6 with description for Moray on H. peploides. Often name was applied to collections on Arenaria as well as Honchenya. Several records from Boyd pre-1910. In Moray, Solway & Tay, pre- 1894.
P. hyoscyami de Bary Forth (On imported Nicotiana sp. as Peronospora tabicinae intercepted East Craigs, pre-1931, no further details.
P. lamii Braun Solway (Kilkerran on Stachys palustris, x 1926, CS 1926). Forth (Midmar on Lamium maculatum autumn 1880), Moray (Forres on L. purpureum 1887) & Dee (nr. Machar 1889), Also, Orkney on L. amplexicaule & Stachys palustris Orkney.
P. matthiolae Gaum. as P. destructor on Matthiola incana (Stocks) in Foister (1958), causing Downy Mildew.
P. minor Casp.) Gaumann Solway (Turnberry ix 1926), Dee (on Atriplex patula as Peronospora effuse, nr. Aberdeen vi & vii 1889), Tay (St Cyrus, vii 1889) & Clyde (Bute on Atriplex sp., pre-1913), as P. effusa viii 1888 on Atriplex glandiscula. Also, S. Uist on Atriplex? hastata. Orkney & Shetland. On Atriplex seedlings Orkney. Possibly this species recorded by Trail as P. effusa on A. babingtonia Orkney.
P. myosotidis de Bary Forth (Dunbar xi 1946 on Myosotis arvensis). Clyde (Ardneil) & Dee (Torrey pre-1889; on M. discolor Newtonhill, pre-1889 & as on M. versicolor; on M. laxa (as M. caespitosa),,ix 1889). Causing Downy Mildew on cultivated cv. Myosotis sp. (Forget me Not) in Foister,1958. On M. scopoides Islay.
P. obovata Bon. Tay (nr. Murthly viii 1944), Clyde (on Spergularia arvensis Cookston CS 1905) Stevenston 1909; W. Kilbride viii 1891; Bute vii 1912), Dee (Machalle Aberdeen, as P. alsinacearum ix 1882). Moray (Gamore, viii 1888; Glen Urquhart, 1909) & Tay (nr. Perth, x 1889). On S.arvensis Mull.
P. oerteliana Kuhn. Clyde (W. Kilbride as Plasmopara candida on Primula vulgaris, vii 1891; Kilbride 1918; Pillochart CS 1907; as Peronospora candida Rozelle CS 1926) & Tay (Pitlochry as P. candida CS 1907). As P. candida on Primula Forth, Tay Dee & Moray in Stevenson; Trail believes Stevenson’s records refer to Ovularia/Ramularia or Cercospora. Foister (1958) recorded this species as common and widespread until 1941 on Primula vulgaris, Primula spp. Cv. & Polyanthus. Also, known on Primula vulgaris from Arran, Eigg & Rhum.
P. parasitica (Pers.) Fr. Dee (Aberdeen Bot. Gdn., on Alyssum saxatile viii 1964 & Inveruie pre-1959; Invrurie, on Aubretia 1952), Forth (Edin. Bot. Gdn., v 1975 on Capsella bursa-pastoris; Comley Bank on Sinapsis sp. as Peronospora brassicae vii 1963; on Sinapsis arvensis pre-1887; Edin. Bot. Gdn on Cadamine hirsuta v 1975; Dunblane, vi 1914; Edinb. on Sisymbryium officinale vi 1976 & pre-1887), Moray (Forres CS 1912), Tay (Arbroath ix 1941; Dunkeld ix 1947) & Ross pre-1942. Clyde (Seamill on Cheiranthis cheirii (Wallflower) Seamill, vi 1879, very common fide Boyd; on C. bursa pastoris nr. Kilmarnock, viii 1887; Cookston. ix 1904, Bute & W. Kilbride, pre-1897: very common fide Boyd; Bute on Mathiola ix 1914; Kingsgarth on Nasturtium officinale, CS 1913, very common fide Boyd; on Matthiola pre-1909, very common fide Boyd), Forth & Ross pre-1942.), Solway (Girvan ix 1905), Dee on Aubretia nr. Udny x 1889 & on Sinapsis arvensis pre-1887) & Tweed (Berwick, pre-1831 as Botrytis agaricina & 1853 & as B. parasitica, on C. bursa-pastoris), Solway (Girvan CS 1905; on Raphanus pre-1887 as P. raphiastrum but no further data). Forth (RBGdn. Edinb., ix 1959). Solway & Tweed, on Raphanus raphiniastrum. pre-1887. Unnamed collections Moray Cluny& Sanquhar, ix 1912) & Tay, Aberfeldy & Killicrankie, pre-1879; pre-1942), Tweed (on Acer pseudoplatanus*, Digitalis purpurea & Senecio jacobea
The first record on Cheiranthus cheirii from Forth in 1948 but is probably widespread, fide Foister, 1958. On Eriophila verna as P. eriophilae S. Uist; on Heperis matriciodes Orkney & on C. bursa-pastoris Orkney; on C, bursa-pastoris Oronsay. Skye as P. brassicae on Sisymbryium officinale. * There must be errors as no Downy Mildew is known on Acer and that on Digitalis & Senecio are separate species. Dennis & Foister have produced a list of Scottish wild hosts of this species sensu lato (TBMS 25; 3 266
On cultivated crops: Recorded on Brassica sp. - Kohlrabi, Kale, Cabbage, Savoy, Brussel Sprouts, Turnip, Cauliflower & Broccoli, the last two most frequently attacked. Known from 1882; common according to Foister (1958) and severe in favourable seasons 1948, 1950 & 1957 1942. On B. napus spp. napobrassica Dee & Forth (Inversesk xi 1941) & Moray (pre-1942), Tay (Ben Lawers vii 1957) widespread but rarely severe, fide Foister. On B. oleracea widespread but only common in favourable seasons fide Foister (1958). On var. capitata (Cabbage) Clyde, Forth & Dee widespread but common only in favourable periods. On var. acephala (Kale) & B. rapa (Turnip) Dee & Forth, common widespread but rarely severe as in 1955 fide Foister; Moray pre-1879) var. gemmiferum (Brussel sprouts) Dee (Old Aberdeen Univ.garden, ix 1886). Argyll (Inverary as P. brassicae, on Brassica oleracea CS 1907) On turnips, cabbages for all Watersheds in Stevenson except Sutherland, Moray & Argyll.
P. polygoni Halst. Clyde (W. Kilbride as Peronospora rumicis, on Polygonum aviculare; widely distributed, frequent fide Boyd) & Dee (nr. Aberdeen, viii 1887). Also, Orkney incl. Birsay as P. rumicis.
P. pulveracea Fuckel Tay (legit Buchanan White, on Helioborus sp,, pre-1886).
P. radii de Bary. Dee (Inverurie, no date). Orkney several places on Chrysanthemum segetum); on flowers of Tripleurospermum inodorum var. inodorum Shetland.
P. ranunculi Gaum. Forth (Stenton iv 1961; nr. Dunblane, vi 1914 on R, acris & R. flammula) & Solway (nr Minnigaff ix 1966; Loch Cannon vi 1947; Whithorn Priory ix 1966) & Moray (Aviemore ix 1977 & v 1981; Waterford vi 1884; Loch Ailort on R. flammula 1951 & Loch Tuicruis vi 1979). Clyde (Cowal x 1983; W Kilbride, on Ranunculus acris, pre-1897 & pre-1894; Campsie Glen, v 1908; on R. bulbosus W. Kilbride pre-1894; several records from Clyde in K), Tay (Rannoch ix 1953; Dupplin & Glamis on R. repens pre-1879; Dunkeld, ix 1953), Ross (Slum Bay, Loch Carron, on R. repens vi 1947 in K) & Solway (Minnigaff, ix 1966 in K).,) both in K. Tay (Dunkeld ix 1953, Dopplin & Glamis pre-1879, Rannoch ix 1953). On unidentified Ranunculus sp. Moray (Urquhart & Lewiston v 1980 in K). Also, on Ranunculus, acris, R. flammea & R. repens Lewis, S. Uist, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay, Islay & Gigha; on R. repens Arran, Islay, Mull, Gigha, & Skye & on R. acris Orkney – Hoy, S. Uist & Lewis, On R. flammula Rhum,Skye, Mull & Yell, Shetland and as P. ficariae Birsay. Mull, Colonsay, Shetland incl. Muckle Roe & Yell, Skye & Rhum; on R. repens Islay, Mull. Orkney incl. Birsay, Skye, Arran & Gigha
P. romanica Scal. & Ratee Tay (nr. Montrose on Medicago lupulina pre-1887); occasional fide Foister,1958,
P. scleranthi Rabenh. Dee (Old Aberdeen v 1886; on Scleranthus annuus pre-1887); also, Tay fide Trail.
P. sordida Berk. & Br. Tweed (Glen Tress vii 1951; Jedburgh pre-1861), Tay (Pitlochry vi 1944, Dunkeld on Scrophularia sp., ix 1953; nr. Perth Montcreife, x 1874 in K & x 1898) & Dee (Balgownie, Aberdeen, x 1981). Clyde (West Kilbride; Kilbride Glen on Scrophularia nodosa, pre-1894; rare fide Boyd) & Dee (nr. Aberdeen, x 1881), On Scrophularia Tweed & Tay in Stevenson. Known from Arran.
P. sparsa Berk as P. rubi Moray (Kirkhill on Rubus x 1985).
P. tomentosa Fuck. On Ceratsium glomeratum Mull & Oronsay.
P. trifoliorum de Bary Tweed (viii 1920 & on Trifolium hybridum viii 1944), Sutherland (Durness, viii 1944), Tay (Birnham ix 1953), Dee (Old Aberdeen, pre-1887) Solway (Pinmore, ix 1905 Girvan on T. repens CS 1905), Forth (in additions CS 1920 in Roy. Arboric. Soc. 29 183), Clyde ((Noddersdale, on T. dubium (as T. minus), pre-1894; nr Irvine on T. pratensis pre-1910; W. Kilbride; frequent fide Boyd; isles of Arran, Cumbrae, Bute & Rothesay on T. hybridum, pre-1913; on T. dubium Noddersdale; not common fide Boyd., As Peronospora fulva on T. pratense Egilsay, Orkney; on T. repens Wyre & Hoy & a collection from Orkney as P. trifolii-repentis. Also, known from Islay & Skye on T. repens. Known on T. repens, T. incarnatum, T, pratense, T. hybridum & T. medium & Medicago lupulina. from S East & S. West on T. repens frequent in S West on T, pratense; seems to be more frequent in S. East than previously known but not significant in most cases, on. T. pratense frequent in Forth & Tweed fide Foister (1958). On T. medium Eigg & Arran, on T. hybridum. On T. pratense Skye & Mull & on Fair Is. As Peronospora. trifolii-pratense Argyll, Arran, Cumrae and Orkney, Dee (Aberdeen pre-1887) & Clyde (Perceton pre-1910; on T. repens W. Kilbride; frequent fide Boyd), Tay (Birnham, 6 1953) & Solway (Pimnore, as P. trifolii-repentis ix 1905). As P. lotorum Mull & Tiree. Argyll (Loch Ailine, Morven, on Lotus corniculatus ix 1981 in K) & Tay (Letham on L. uliginosus & on L. pilosus, viii 1944 as P. trifoliorum). On Lotus pilosus W. Kilbride; frequent fide Boyd. As P. lotorum Argyll (Loch Ailine, Morven, ix 1981), Clyde (Largs & W. Kilbride on Lotus uliginosus, frequent fide Boyd) & Tay (Glamis as P. trifoliorum re 1897), On L. corniculatus Tiree & Mull.
P. valerianae Trail Argyll (nr. Loch Awe, ix 1888), Clyde (nr. Balloch, viii 1913 in K, CS 1920 in Glasgow Nat. 7: 5.).
P. valerianellae Fuckel Forth (Aberlady on Valeriana leucasta v 1962).
P. viciae (Berk.) Casp. Dee (Bridge of Don on Lathyrus montanus (as L. macrorhizus), viii 1886; nr Aberdeen pre-1887; Dunotter pre-1887; on Lathyrus montanaus (as L. marcrorhizus) Bridge of Don, viii 1886). Clyde (Cowal pre-1887; Kilbirnie, Seamill, pre-1894; locally common fide Boyd; W. Kilbride on V. sativa pre-1894, frequent fide Boyd & on ssp. nigra, pre-1894) & Moray (Forres & Grantown on Vicia coccia, vii & viii pre-1884), On Pisum sativum (Pea) & Lathyrus odoratus (Forth, Moray & Tweed pre-1942; in Roy. Arboric. Soc. 29 183). known from S & East Central, S & N. East and Northern areas - Tay, Sutherland & Ross & on L. odoratus Forth, Moray & Tweed fide Foister, 1958; no significant outbreaks until after 1952-54. On P. sativum Forth (N. Berwick; as Peronospora sepium Corstorphine, v 1927; Dunblane 1914). Solway (Drummore on V. hirsuta, vi 1971). Clyde (W. Kilbride on L. odoratus; locally common fide Boyd; Kilwinnie 1909.), Moray (on Vicia crocaca Forres & Grantown, pre-viii 1884) & (Dee (Aberdeen,18 viii 1884). On Pisum for Tay in Stevenson. On P. sativum & V. sepium Islay & as P. fulva on L. pratensis Orkney.
P. violacea (Berk.) Cke. Moray (Loch Loy, Glen Roy on Succisia pratensis viii 1968 in K) & Tay (Murthley, on Knautia arvensis causing flowers to be large and dull and remain sterile. viii 1894). Also, on Succisia pratensis Mull.
P. violae de Bary . Forth (N. Berwick, 1957; Dunblane vi 1914 & Corstorphine v 1927) & Solway (Drunmore, on Viola hirsuta vi 1971). Argyll (Ben More on V. palustris v 1932), Clyde (Hunterston on V. arvensis viii 1897; abundant fide Boyd) & Dee (nr. Ellen on V. tricolor var. arvensis, autumn 1888). Downy mildew on Viola spp. (Pansy, Viola & Violet) fide Foister, 1958. Orkney scarce fide Trail. On V. tricolor. CS 1920. On V. tricolor Orkney & M.ull
Many isolates have been identified only as Phytophthora sp.; recently several species have been given specific names; they may well have been present for many years but not recognized e. g. P. austrocedrae Gresl. & Hanson, P. kernoviae Brasier et al. & the more widespread P. ramarorum de Cock & Mann. All have been recently isolated from Scottish material.
P. cactorum (Leb. & Cohn) Schroet. On Viola causing Root-Rot & Crown Rot in Primula spp. Root Rot in Meconopsis; on Lilium causing Foot Rot, Leathery & Fruit Rot in Fragaria spp., Foot Rot in Clarkia: fide Foister,1958.
P. cambivora (Petri) Bruis. On Senecio cruenta causing Root Rot. Also causing Root Rot in Cineraria in Ayrshire: fide Foister, 1958.
P. cinnamomii Rands Causing Foot & Root Rot in Senecio cruenta & on Calluna vulgaris causing Root Rot, fide Foister, 1958.
P. citricola Saw. Causing Root-Rot & Dieback in Rubus idaeus (Rasberry); as P. cactorum var. applanata on Primula causing Foot Rot and Stem Rot in S. East, first described in 1932 in S.& East Central areas of Scotland where it caused a severe Root Rot in 1934-36 & 1952: fide Foister, 1958.
P. cryptogea Pethybr. Tay (Dundee, on Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato), 13 iii 1938. On Viola spp. causing Root Rot, Wilt & Foot Rot & causing Damping Off in Clarkia, Aster (Michelmas Daisy), Callistephaus (Chinese Aster), Centaurea moschata (Sweet Sultan), Chrysanthemum morifolium (Florists Chrysanthemum), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Dianthus caryophyllus (Carnation), Lycopersicum (Tomato), Matthiola incarnata (Stocks), Nemisia, Petunia hybrids, Schizanthaus (Butterfly Flower), Cineraria, Zinnia & Viola - all susceptable to Root Rot & Root Rot fide Foister, 1958. Also, on Tulipa spp. causing Shaking, Lismore.
P. ? cyperi (Ido) Ito on Iris pseudocorus Tiree, Lismore, Skye, Rasaay & Gigha.
P. erythroseptica Pethyb. causing Shanking in Tulipa sp. & Pink Rot in Solanum tuberosum (Potato) occasional but locally severe some years, recorded in different years for different areas; fide Foister. Recorded from Kintyre.
Var. atropae Alcock described on Atropa bellanomma (Belladonna) grown, until 1930 in RBG Edinb, as pharmaceutical product. Not in Index of Fungi
P. fragariae Hickman causing Red Core in Fragraria (Strawberry). First recorded in 1921 in Lanarkshire, leading to the disease often being called Lanarkshire Disease, Foister,1958. Now not widespread after important breeding-programmes. Known from Mull on Fragraria ananassae.
P. infestans. Tay (Boarshill, on Solanum tabacina, 4 x 1975; Strathkiness, 22 viii 1965) & Forth (East Craigs, 24 vii 1954. Causes Blight in Solanum & Lycopersicum (Tomato). First reported on tomato and has occurred annually in most areas; it is widespread on potato and known for a long time; recorded in 1845 & 1846 when there were very severe attacks causing devastating losses. High rainfall is associated with the Blight: fide Foister, 1958. Recorded for Harris, Coll, Rasaay, Skye. Rhum, Colonsay, Islay, Arran & Kintyre on Solanam tuberosum (Potato). Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908 & Forres CS 1912), Tay (Pitlochry CS 1906 & Dunkeld CS 1947), Solway (Girvan CS 1905), In Stevenson recorded for all Watersheds. as Peronospora
P. nicotinae Dustre. as P. parasitica Foot Rot on Senencio cruentus (Cineraria), Primula spp. causing Foot Rot, Phlox sp., Nemisia & Matthiola incana (Stocks)., Causing Damping Off, Buck eye Rot, Foot Rot & Root Rot of Lycopersicum (Tomato), Cuucumis melo (Melon)in E Cenral 1936, & Clarkia pulchella and hybrids, Begonia hybrids, Callistephanus chinensis (China Aster) causing Foot Rot; very common and widely distributed. Also, on annuals causing Damping Off, fide Foister, 1961. As P. parasitica Downy Mildew of Meconopsis = P. matthiolae in Foister, 1961.
P. porri Foister Causing White Tip in Allium porri (Leek). First recorded in S. East on in 1928, when it was common and disastrous. Since that time recorded for S. West and S Central; favoured by misty weather after rain.
P. primulae Tomlinson on Primula spp. causing Brown Core Root Rot, Inverness 1955 and prob. Edinburgh 1955 and Aberdeen. Also, in Orkney in 1957 fide Foister, 1958.
P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb. Recorded from Aberdeen by Berkeley in 1881 as Ovularia. Found in S & E Central Scotland causing wilt of branches and twigs of Syringa, fide Foister, 1958.
P. verrucosa Alock & Foister causing Root Rot of seedlings of Primula RBG Edinb. 1936. Also, Root Rot of Meconopsis at RBG Gdn.1936. On Lycopersicum (Tomato) & Dahlia spp. causing Root Rot. First recorded in Lanarkshire & Edinburgh districts in 1934, severe in 1949, 1953 & 1955 causing Toe Rot; not as widespread in 1941 to 1944 & 1946, fide Foister, 1958. Recorded from Mull as Foot Rot of Lycopersicum.
P. crustosa (Fr.) Jorst. Dee (Dunecht as P.densa, ix 1975), Tay (Glen Doiock, as P. densa vi 1983), Forth (Dunblane, vi 1914; Flanders Moss, ix 1963), Ross (Loch Inver, viii & Loch Laxford, ix 1954) & Moray (Brora, vi 1977), Solway (Rockcliffe, ix 1986; Dalsparron, ix 1905), Clyde (Ardneil, Crosbie, Noddersdale & Achneil & W. Kilbride on Odontites vern; a common fide Boyd pre-1894: on Oennanthe crocata Irvine pre-1910, Bute, Auchan, Dondonald vi 1907 & ix 1921; Inverary ix 1907; Inverkip & Montgrennan ix 1907; Ardneil Bay Wd. . W. Kilbride & Ardneil; frequent fide Boyd and on Sanicula europea. pre-1895; frequent fide Boyd), Tay (Tentsmuir on Rhinanthus angustifolius x 1889 as P. densa; Murthly viii 1894 as P. densa; Pitlochry ix 1906; Crieff ix 1910; Killin vii 1910; Menmuir, pre-1879 as Peronospora umbelliferum, on Heracleum sp. Dupplin & Infauns, pre-1879 as P. nivea; on Sanicula europea Inveray), Dee (Old Aberdeen viii 1882; Cults as P. densa, vii 1886; nr. Aberdeen vi 1887 as P. densa; nr. Aberdeen on Meum coloratum, pre-1887; nr. Ellton on Pimpinella saxifraga ix 1889; on Conium macilatum; Old Aberdeen v 1884). Sutherland (Loch Sunart, x 1904),), Tweed (pre-1887 common; Berwick as Botrytis crustose, pre- 1836; named Botrytis aegopodii to be proposed as a new name by Johnston. On Oennanthe crocata Islay, Rassay, Mull incl. Ulva and Bute. Ross (Knoyart iv 1979. on Odontites verna Lewis, Barra, Harris, Tiree, Iona & Islay; on Euphrasia N. Uist, Eigg & Shetland -Yell & Unst; on R. minor Shetland and Egilsay, Mull, Islay, Orkney & Rhum. Arran & Bute. On umbelliferous host; Gigha v 1981, Islay, Mull & Harris. As P. angelicae on Angelica silvestris St Kilda, Lewis, Harris, Raasay, Skye, Eigg &; Mull, Islay, Tiree. & Barra & on Conopodium majus Garvellachs, Islay, Rhum & Skye. On Aegopodium podograria Rhum & Islay as P. podagrariae. Unnamed umbellifers Dee (Cluny Hill & Sanquhar ix 1912 & Aviemore viii 1938).
P. densa (Rab.) Schroet.. Forth (Flanders Moss, ix 1963 in K). Clyde (Ardrossan as Peronospora densa on Pedicularis palustre,, pre-1897; not common fide Boyd; various sites near West Kilbride; Bute, frequent, Ardneil, Noddersdale & near W. Kilbride, fide Boyd; also, Bute; on Rhinanthus minor common in several areas of W. Kilbride; common fide Boyd), Dee (Trail coll. no further data), Tay (Tentsmuir on R. angustifolius (as R. major), x 1889; Murthley viii 1894 as P. densa). Forth (Dunblane vi 1914) & Argyll (Bridge of Orchy on Euphrasia officinalis viii 1968 in K; Also, known from N. Uist, Eigg & Shetland. In Roy Arboric. Society 29, 188, 1913 additions for Forth in CS 1920, On Odontites verna Islay Mull, Harris, Lewis, Tiree). On R. minor Orkney & Shetland. On unnamed Rhinanthus sp. Islay, Mull, & Harris.
P. nivea (Unger) Schroet. Argyll (Oban Kerrara ferry, vii 1968; Ben More ix 1932; Lochawe on Aegopodium CS 1909; Kilmun on Anthriscus sylvestris CS 1932), Sutherland (Thurso x 1954) & Moray (Black Isle vii 1957 & x 1982; Huntley x 1942; Rothiemurchus viii 1955; Aviemore ix 1927). Clyde (Rothesay on Aegopodium podograria CS 1913 & Mountstewart on A. sylvestris CS 1913; Ardrossan pre-1884; Dundonald & Auchan vi 1907 on A. sylvestris; Calderwood Glen & Kilbride Glen & Noddersdale pre- 1894; on A. sylvestris), Moray (The Boyne nr. Banff viii 1889 as P. nivea; & Aviemore on A. sylvestris CS 1922; Greeshope, pre-1874; Inverness on A. podograria CS 1907), Tay (Airdlie viii 1968 as P. angelicae) & Ross (Loch Inver viii 1945; Inverie ix 1979), Solway ((Dusideer pre-1909; Pinmore nr. Girvan, on A. podograria as P. nivea ix 1905 CS 1905), Clyde (Carnwath vi 1910 & Mountgrennan CS 1921, Rozelle CS 1926; Dundonald on A. podograria CS 1921; Bute,), Dee (Old Aberdeen on Conium maculatum v 1884; nr Aberdeen x 1880, Balgownie viii 1882), Tay (Menmuir, vii 1874 & Dundee on Chaerophyllum temulentum, pre-1879 as P. nivea; Pitlochry on A. podograria CS 1906) & Tweed (pre-1879 as P. nivea). CS 1920 on A. podograria, CS 1910. In Roy. Arboric. Society 29, 188, 1913 in additions for Forth in CS 1920. On Angelica Tweed, Tay, Dee & Moray in Stevenson. Known from Mull & Gigha & Arran on A, podograria & other umbellifers. On Angelica sylvestris Raasay, Mull & Orkney.
P. pusilla Schroet. Forth (Midlothian on Geranium pratense 6 x 1911; nr. Dunblane on G. ylvaticum, vi 1914) & Moray (Glen Livet, vi 1977 in K) & Tweed (Abbey St Bathans, ix 1966 in K). Also, Clyde (Kilwinning, pre-1911). On Geranium pratense Mull,
P. pygmea (Unger) Unger 1961. Sutherland (as Plasmopara. Loch Teacus, Morven, vi 1979) & Argyll (Inverary v 1981), Also, Clyde (Auchnar, Dundonald, Calderwood Glen, vi 1907; Dalry, pre-1909), Dee (Aboyne, vi 1885 as Peronospora), Moray (Dunphail as Peronospora vi 1881). On Anemone nemorosa Gigha. On leaves of Anemone nemorosa as Peronospora and recorded from Mull, Skye & Gigha & in 1951 in S. Central Scotland fide Foister, 1958, Moray added in Stevenson App. 6.
P. humuli (Miy. & Takan) Wilson Dee (3 sites vii 1939 on wild Humulus lupinus).
P. urticae (Lib.) Salmon & Ware. Clyde (Helensburgh on Urtica dioica pre-1910 & West Kilbride vii 1897 & CS 1921; Mountstewart CS 1913), Tay Rannoch pre 1879 no host given), Argyll (Inverary on U dioica & U. urens CS 1907), Moray (Drumnadrochit CS 1908) & Dee (Balgownie on U. urens viii 1886). On Urtica Tay & Dee in Stevenson. All records as Peronospora.
P. utriformis Minden on rotten fruit and twigs, Mull.
P. brassicae Very common and widespread in gardens, small holdings and allotments; some resistant varieties now found. Well-known as Finger & Toe and Club Root. On Maththiola incana (Stocks), Linaria annua (Honesty) & Chieranthus cheiri (Wallflower), Most common on brassicas & allies; Kohlrabi, Swede, Swede Rape, Black Mustard, Kales, Broccoli and Cauliflower, Cabbage & Savoy, Brussel Sprouts and Turnip. Widespread and persistent disease. Known in Scotland on turnips since 1780’s, when it was reported from Roxburghshire and Berwickshire in 1786 & West Lothian likely 1730: appeared when crop was first commercially grown. It can be severe in turnips with it in some areas more severe than others fide Foister, 1958. Also know from Rhum. Colonsay & Kintyre. Forth (East Craigs on Capsella bursa-pastoris, 13 x 1942).
S. subterranean Cause of Powdery Scab of Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Also, on Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) increasing in years around 1960. Fairly widespread and more common on heavy, less-well drained soils and in soils, which are wet particularly just before harvesting. In Orkney and North particularly common 1950-53 & in 1954 severe in all areas. 1939, 1946 & 1949 in South west and West central Scotland, On Solanum curticolum in experimental plots - artificial inoculation. On Lycopersicum first recorded in 1929. Rarely causes much damage but recorded in 1950 in N. East, 1952 & in N. East and S. Central, West Central and S. East in 1955, fide Foister, 1958, Also know from Mull & Kintyre.
A.euteiches Dresl. Tay (Cupar, on Lathyrus odoratus). Causing Root Rot of Viola spp. Pisum sativum (Pea), Phaeolus coccineus (Scarlet Runner Bean) & Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet Pea); widespread in peas and frequent especially in wet seasons and in soils deficient in potassium. More often recorded in peas grown in gardens as opposed to cultivated crops; often severe on Pansy & Viola spp., Viola & Violets as causing root rot fide Foister, 1958.
A. apiculata de Bary Rhum.
A. dubia Coker Rhum.
A. lobata Zigler & Gilpin Rhum.
A. racemosa Hiddbr. Rhum,
A. megalospora Humprhey Eigg.
S. sterophora de Bary Mull.
S. ferax (Gruiin) Thuret in various rivers particularly in south with description in Stevenson.
Alvin Gaertner and crew of the Bremerhaven Res. Vessel, including Karsten Schumann docked in Dundee during a survey of the marine chytridiaceous fungti of the North Sea between Scotland and Bremerhaven.
See B. Ing for analysis of Scottish True Slime Moulds; Acrasid Cellular Slime moulds have almost been neglected by British mycologists.
Index
Absidia 4
Achlya 18
Acaulospora 2
Albugo 9
Aphanomyces 17
Ballocephala 4
Bremia 19
Chaetocladium 4
Circinella 7
Cladochytrium 1
Comensia 4
Conidiobolus 3
Endogone 3
Entomophthora 3
Eryniopsis 3
Funneliformes 2
Furia 3
Glomus 3
Globopythium 10
Gonopodia 9
Helicocephalum 7
Hyaloperonospora 11
Monoblephaerella 9
Mortierella 4
Mucor 5
Paraperonospora 11
Peronospora 11
Phycomyces 6
Physoderma 1
Phytoperonospora 11
Pilaira 5
Pilobolus 6
Piptocephalus 7
Plamodiophora 17
Plasmopara 16
Plasmaverna 17
Pseudoperonospora 7
Pustulida 9
Pythiogetum 17
Pythium 10
Rhopalomyces 7
Rhizomucor 4
Rhizophagus 3
Rhizopus 7
Saprolegnia 18
Spinellus 6
Spongospora 17
Syzygites 5
Syncephalus 7
Synchytrium 2
Thamnidium 5
Thraustochytrium 18
Umbelopsis 4
Zoophthora 3
Zygorhynchus 5
Zygophagus 7