Taphrina alni
(cc BY-NC) David Genney)Taphrina alni
(cc BY-NC) David Genney)Prof. Roy Watling
As in previous parts the revision of Mycologia Scotica does not attempt to cover all Scottish ascomycetes; it is based on the specimen-holdings in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh until my retirement 17 years ago. Since that date all accessions were data based so specimen information after this time can be obtained on the Garden’s BG-base. In affect there are very few additions. There may be many more specimens housed in the Herbarium at Kew, especially as several important Scottish collections made their way south. For anyone commencing monographic work or proposing a wide-ranging Scottish list these should be consulted in addition to the compilation below. The rationale adopted in this part is slightly different to that found for the Basidiomycota. First of all I have decided to revise the ascomycetes in smaller, more manageable groups. The ascomycete holdings in the Edinburgh Herbarium, compared with the basidiomycetes, are not as well representative. This is particularly due to the generally more obvious fruiting bodies of the basidiomycetes compared with the enormous and overwhelming number of small or even very small ascomycetes. I chose the Pezizales, larger disc fungi, as this group contains a large proportion of macro-fungi, especially those which are most likely to be collected and preserved. Now this has been posted on the Scottish Fungi web-site my attention has been directed to the Taphrinales, Geoglossales and the sclerotiniaceous discomycertes. The reasoning behind the circumscription of this first part is that the Taphrinales as a group have been separated in classic literature as a well-defined, independent grouping. A group with large fruiting bodies and termed earthtongues have been shown by using molecular techniques to possess very distinct characteristics and now separated by some distance from the other disc fungi. The other group dealt with herein would earlier have been sort, because of their similar macromorphology, within the old, classic Helotiales. They have been shown to have their own distinct molecular signature which forms a well defined grouping..
With the dearth of specimens of the ascomycetes in general in Edinburgh for this and subsequent parts I have extracted records from the Annual reports of the former Cryptogamic Society of Scotland and British Mycological Society foray accounts until 1938. In the early issues of the Cryptogamic Society foray reports a section is included on new Scottish records, following on from Stevenson’s appendices. I feel the inclusion of these records give a much better idea of the Scottish ascomycota despite not being supported by extensive field notes nor often voucher material,. Many of these records have been generated by the likes of James Menzies, Perth and Charles McIntiosh, Dunkeld and from the west Andrew Boyd.The last contributed many many micro-species which will be dealt with in later parts of the revision. The second reason for including these records is that there have been great changes in the systematics and therefore the nomenclature of the ascomycetous fungi, possibly more than experienced in the basidiomycetes. Thus in the Sclerotiniales and Geoglossales there has been many changes and species originally placed in a small group of genera are now found in a whole range of separate genera.There is no doubt that with more results from molecular researches further changes will be made. At least the incorporation of this new knowledge will, coupled with the wider scavangimg for early Scottish records, give the reader a better idea of the Scottish mycoflora and indeed where to direct their collecting efforts in the future.
The coverage is the same as earlier works except CS is added for records gleaned from the reports of the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. Records from the Dept. Agricultue and Fisheries for Scotland advisors in Scotland (Foister, 1978), a reference which many are unfamiliar to many, have been added. This source of important information, the existence of which is not often appreciated, is not usually sourced in surveys such as the present. A few supporting collections have been deposited in E.
The Edinburgh herbarium is very lucky in that it has acquired many of Keith collections on permanent loan thanks to the trustees of the Falconer Museuam in Forres.
Both D.H.Henderson RBG Edinburgh and J.T.Palmer, Stockport took a particular interest in Sclerotininaceae s.lato.
An account of the species of Taphrina in Scotland was published by Henderson in Notes RBGdn., Edinb., with supporting material in E.
(strangely Stevenson (1879) did not include any species of Taphrina)
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. amentorum (Sadeb.) Rostrup Catkin Gall. On Alnus spp. Known from Tay (Glen Clova, on Alnus incana, 18 viii 1952, Killin, 31 xii 1999), Tweed (Dawyck, 25 vii 2007), Argyll (Loch Hove, viii 1923; Scamadale, 21 vii 1984; Kilnmuir, 14 vi 1993), Moray (Darnaway, 27 ix 1955 also as T. alni same Nairn foray, on Alnus incana; Drumnadrochit 3 ix 1974) & Forth (Bonaly, on A. incana, 15 x 2005). Known from Rhum, Eigg & Mull.
FTTaDMSSoCAR T. athyrii Siemaszko On Athyrium felix-femina. Known from Ross (Applecross, ix 1946) and Tweed (Dawyck, 27 ix 2009).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. betulae (Fuckel) Johan. On Betula spp.forming leaf spots Argyll (Arisaig, vii 1950; LocEdean ??? vii 1949 2 collections), Tay (Edzell, 28 vii 1950; Powsmill, Perth, on B. verrucosa, 7 viii 1955), Ross (Loch Maree, on B. pubescens var. odorata, 18 & 20 vii 1955), Moray (Tomich, on B. pubescens var. odorata, 19 viii 1955). Eglinton CS 1928. Known from Mull, including Ulva.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. betulina Rostrup On Betula spp. forming witches brooms. Moray (Glen Gloy, on B. pubescens, 10 vi 1984), Tay (Loch Garry, on B. verrucosa, 5 vi 1950; Bridge of Cally, B. pubescens var odorata, and var. pubescens, 11 vi 1956, Rannoch Moor, on B. nana, 10 vi 1980), Ross (Shieldag, B. pubescens var odorata, 5 & 7 vi 1950; Loch Duich; Ullapool, B. pubescens var. odorata?, 7 vi 1950; Loch Maree on var. odorata, 7 vi 1950), Forth (Blair Drummond, on B. verrucosa, 19 v 1974). As Exoascus. turgida on Betula alba Mt. Melvelle, St Andrews CS 1930 and as E. turgida on Betula alba Trossachs CS 1929. Records from Islay & Orkney
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. bullata (Berk.) Tul. Tweed (Kelso, on Pyrus communis cv. ‘Grande de Martle’, vi 1941 and another collection without date)., Forth (Spottiswood, Edinb., vii 1987; Howard Place, Edinb., 11 vi 1990; Mary Stewarts’ Edinb., 23 vi 1971; Ravelston, 11 vi 1988; Barnton, Edinb. 17 vii 1962; RBGdn., Edinb., on Prunus persica, 18 vii 1967 & on Prunus ussuriensis var. ovoidea, 27 viii 1981; Loanhead, on Prunus amygdalus, 5 vii 1956; Crossford, on P. amygdalus, 28 v 1981), Solway (Hunteston, 3 vi 1945, ex Auchincruivre) & Tay (St Andrews, 9 iv 1933 & 9 vi 1965)
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. caerulescens (Desm. & Mont.) Tul. On Quercus petrea forming leaf spots. Known from Tay (Killin, on Q. petraea 14 ix 1961), Ross (Gairloch, 18 vii 1985; Strome, 30 vii 1958 & 20 x 1961), & Argyll (Appin, on Q. robur, 10 vii 1957). Known from Raasay, Mull, Colonsay, Islay & Jura.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. carpini Rostrup On Carpinus betulus. Forth (Aberdour, 17 viii 1949; Kirkliston, 6 vii 1949) and Tay (nr. Powsmill, Perth, 6 viii 1955).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. crateagei Sadeb. On Crateagus forming leaf-curl. Forth (John Muir Pk., 26 v 2010), Ross (Gairloch, 26 v 2000), Tay (Loch Lubnaig, 12 vi 1961; Loch Garry, 16 vi 1955) and Moray (Tamduh, 6 vi 1950). Also known from Mull & Skye.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. deformans (Berk.) Tul. Peach Leaf Curl and infecting both Prunus amygdalus & P. persica. Extremely common within the City of Edinburgh on ornamental street trees and brought in for identification to RBGdn.– Forth (Ravelston Dykes, 11 vi 1988; Howard Place, 11 vi 1990; Spottiswood, vii 1927; Loanhead, on P.amygdalus, 5 vii 1977, Moray Crescent, 23 vi 1971, on P. persica Edinb., Henderson collection no further data; Deanpark, Balerno, 17 vii 1962; RBGdn., Edinb., 18 vii 1967; Crossford, Dunfermline, on P. amygdalus, 28 v 1981); Tay (Lade Brae, St Andrews, 9 vi 1965 & St Andrews 9 iv 1933) and Solway (Auchincruivre Hundune?, on P. amygdalus, 3 vi 1945). Many records as Ascomyces deformans and recorded as such in Stevenson App. 6 for Moray. First noted at St Andrews before 1925 on P. amygdalus and again in several areas thereafter 1953-1955 & 1957. On P. persica quite common from 1924 to 1940 and 1947 to 1957; no reports 1953, 1955 and 1956 but severe on P. persica var. necatarine in East Central Scotland in1951. Occasional forming Leaf Curl on P. avium. Strangely no records for the Hebrides or Northern Islands, surely due to lack of observation in these areas where Prunus spp. are planted!.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. filicina Rostrup ex. Johan. Forth (Flanders Moss, on Dryopteris spinulosa 9 vii 1965).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. johansenii Sadeb. Carpel Deformation of Populus tremula flowers. Forth (Gifford, 1933) and Tweed (Dawyck, 1933 accompanied by painting). More recent collections from Moray (nr. Newtonmore).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. padi (Jacz.) Mix On Prunus padus unless otherwsie stated. Known from Forth (Arniston nr., Edinb., 7 vi 1954; Groathill, Edinb., 21 v 2007; Edinb., on Prunus serrulata, v 1991), Moray (Rothiemurchus, vi 1953), Tay (Glen Shee, 30 vi 1952; Glen Lyon, 2 vi 1950; Blair Atholl, 8 vii 1990; Edzell, 30 vii 1954), Solway (Castle Douglas, 25 v 1987), Sutherland (Rogart, vii 1958), Argyll (Ballahulish, on Quetschi ? damson type, 12 vii 1986) & Ross (Evanton, 26 vi 1962). Also known from Skye.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. populina Fr. Yellow Leaf Blister. Generally on Populus nigra forming yellow spots on underside of swollen leaf. Tay (Blairgowrie, vii 1941; St Andrews, 11 vi 1966; Bankfoot, vii 1942), Forth (Dunshelt, Fife, 20 vi 1950 & Fife, 1 viii 1978; Edinb., 4 viii 1976; Corstorphine, Edinb. on Populus italica, 26 vii 1953). Also known from Mull and Skye, and from RBGdn, Edinb. on Populus generosa, 30 v 1961; on P. nigra var italica, vii 1951, P.eugemnii, vii 1951 and var. betulifolia, vii 1951 & P. laurifolia x nigra - var. italici 1951), As T. aurea Rothiemurchus CS 1927. Common in South east and South Central areas of Scotland fide Foister (1958). As T. aurea Aviemore and Rothiemurchus; BMS foray 1938. Recorded for Dee in Stevenson App.6. Recorded for Arran.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. potentillae (Farlow) Johan. On Potentilla erecta forming hypertrophied stems and leaves. Known from Argyll (Ben Lui, 1,200 ft., 28 viii 1953 & on P. tomentella, ix 1921), Ross (Loch Maree, 8 vi 1952; Beinn Eighe, 1,200ft., 19 vii 1955), Forth (Midcalder, vi 1947), Solway (Thornhill, Dumfries, 25 ix 1924), Moray (Aviemore, ix 1928) &Tay (Ben Lawers, 24 vi 1957). Also known from Arran on P. tomentella, v 1920 and from Harris, Raasay, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Mull, Colonsay, Luing, Islay Arran & Jura. Recorded from Rothiemurchus & Aviemore CS 1927, on Potentilla erecta Eglinton & Blair, CS 1921 and on Potentilla torminella Black Nest Wd., Thornhill CS 1924.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. pruni (Fuckel) Tul. Pocket Plum. Forth (Laverockbank, Edinb., on ‘Yellow mirabelle’ plum, Prunus domestica 19 v 1998), Argyll (Killinan Lagganmore Gdn.,on Prunus institia, 14 vi 1986; Lismore on P. spinosa, 8 vi 1968), Ross (Strome, on damson or P. domestca, 20 vii 1977), Solway (Wigton, on P. spinosa, 8 vi 1987), Dee (Aberdeen, P. domestica, ix 1955) and Tay (as Taphrina instiitae Murthley, on Damance plum, vi 1923; Blairgowrie, on P. spinosa, 30 vi 1951 & 20 vii 1952; Glen Lyon, 10 vii 1960; Glen Fincastle, 10 vii 1960; Broughty Ferry on P. cerasifera). Recorded from Mull on P. spinosa and from Gigha. Noted for Arran. According to Foister occurs occasionally in Scotland but causes little damage. More frequent 1925 – 1934 and only recently recorded 1950 and 1957 (N. East) and 1956 (S.West). As Exoascus pruni on young fruits of Prunus padus Douglas Castle, Lanark 14 vi 1913 CS. In Stevenson recorded from Tay and Moray as Ascomyces pruni; Dee added in App.8.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. sadbeckii Johan. On Alnus glutinosa unless stated otherwise forming leaf spots. Known from Tay (Dunkeld, 6 viii 1955; Loch of the Lowes, 1950; Fernan, Loch Tay, 24 vi 1950; Kindallachan, 26 vi 1958), Argyll (Arisaig, 16 vi 1963) & Forth (Collessie, Fife, 20 vi 1950). Also recorded from Loch Kinwood??? 6 ix 1975. Known from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. torsquentii (Westend.) Magnus. On leaves of Alnus glutinosa forming hypertrophied blisters. Known from Argyll (Loch Tarbert,11 iv 1940; Arisaig, 14 vi 1952 &16 vi 1953; Loch Eck, 14 vi 1951), Tay (Blairgowrie, 24 vi 1951; Glen Lyon, 2 vi 1950; Fernan, Loch Tay, 24 vi 1950; Loch Garry, 5 vi 1950), Dee (Glen Tanar, 5 ix 1975), Ross (Loch Maree, 7 vi 1950; Beinn Eighe, 18 vii 1955; Onich, 11vi 1950), Clyde (Rossdhu, 11 ix 1959) and Moray (Contin, 9 vi 1950; Loch Oich, 7 vi 1950). Also Forth (Aberdour; no further data); recorded from Mull including Ulva, Lewis, Barra, Coll, Raasay, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Colonsay, Islay and Arran. As Exoascus alnitorquus, Rothesay & Tighnabruich CS 1913. Recorded from Moray (Aviemore and near ‘sawmill’ & Rothiemurchus, CS 1927 and
Recorded from Tay in Stevenson as Ascomyces. Dee added to Stevenson App. 8 as Exoascus alni.
T. wiersneri (Rathay) Mix As T. cerasi Known from Arran on Prunus avium
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. vestergreni Giesenhagen On Dryopteris felix-mas unless stated otherwise. Known from Solway (Logan BGdn., 5 vi 1964 & 15 vi 1968), Ross (Marybank, on D. borreri, 29 vi 1963), Tay (Loch Fincastle, 13 vii 1968) and Argyll (Loch Scamadale, 19 vi 1983).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. wiesneri (Rathay) Mix As T. cerasi on Prunus padus Argyll (Arisaig, vi 1951) and on Skye. Noted as T. cerasi forming leaf-curl and witches’ brooms on P. cerasus 1927, 1947, 1950 & 1956 mostly in the North East fide Foister; also on P. triloba forming witch’s broom and leaf curl.
It should be noted that some of the species referred to Protomyces by Stevenson (1879) are in fact referable to smut fungi, viz. Basidiomycotina q.v. (Entyloma chrysosplenii on Chrysosplenium oppositifolium & E. fergussonii on leaves of Myosotis and Ascomyces trientalis is a species of Urocystis). Equally Protomyces menyanthes & P. comari are also not ascomycetes being referable to Physoderma (Physodermataceae): Blastocladiales – ‘Phycomycetes’ (with P. menyanthes according to Stevenson on Comarum but this is probably a mistake as P. comari is also recorded as growing on Comarum palustre; the first host is undoubtedly be Menyanthes trifolia.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P.macrosporus Unger On Aegopodium podoagria leaves. Forth (Cramond, x 1911 & 8 vii 1964; Roslin, 15 iv 1945), Tay (St Andrews, 30 x 1965 & old collection from Brechin,1874 Broome Herb.), Solway (Thornhill, Dumfries, 25 ix 1954). Known from Harris, Barra, Raasay, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay, Lismore, Islay, Gigha, Arran and Kintyre. Also known from Orkney and Shetland. Also records for Abernethy, CS 1927, Black Nest Wd., Thornhill CS 1924, Rothesay & Tignabruaich, CS 1913 and Stranraer & Kirbourghtrie CS 1909; Kintyre Drumnadrocht ix 1908 BMS foray. Recorded in Stevenson for Tay and Forth
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. pachydermus Thümen. On Taraxacum officinale. Forth (Barnton, viii 1922) & Ross (Beinn Eighe on Crepis paludicola at 1,200 ft., 17 vii 1975). Known from Rhum, Orkney & Kintyre. With description noted for Dee (Aberdeen) in Stevenson App. 5.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. bellidis (Krieg.) Magnus Known from Ayrshire.
P. leucanthemi Magnus On Chrysanthemum segetum Harris
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. umbelliferarum (Rostrup) Lagerhein & Juel On living leaves of Heracleum sphodophylum forming effused, pallid, blotching with hyperotrophy. Known from Lewis, Harris, Skye, Colonsay, Orkney and Rosneath, Dunbartonshire vi 1908 CS. & Montgreenan CS 1928.
= Helotiales p.p
Collections in E have all been checked by A. Silverside, Univ. of Paisley.
TFTaDMSSoACR G. atropurpureum (Batsch) Kuntze Tweed (Selkirk, Whitburn Est., 7 ix 2011, Neville Kilkenny), Ross, (Rassal Wd., on seashore, 13 x 1959), Tay (Glen Lyon; 4 ix 1959) & Forth (as Thuemidium atropurpureum, on lawn, Blinkbonny, Blackhall, Edinb. 28 xi 1999 – to check). Known from Skye, St Kilda & Mull incl. Ulva. Records as Thuemidium from Arran and also as Microglossum, Corrie Allan, Arran, x 1909. Recorded for Ross (Strathnaver RWGD, although the habitat is in keeping with what has been considered a synonym Corynetes arenarius = Sabuloglossum) q.v.
Collection labelled Microglossum sp. Ross (Strome, 20 x 1958). On Arran
Where is Effgill 22 x 2000 ???
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. cookeianum Nannf. Known from Sutherland (Sandwood Loch, 23 iv 1974), Solway (Glen Luce, 20 ix 1953), Tay (St Andrews, 25 x 1954; Tentsmuir, 10 x 1965 & 10 ix 1988; Milton Highlands?28 x 2006), Forth (Aberlady, x 1967 to 13 x 1952; Balerno, 31 x 1960) & Moray (Aviemore, coll. Young iv 1938). Also recorded from Mull, Shetland and Bridge of Broger, Orkney. Known from sand dune turf Ross (Gairloch RWGD).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. difforme Fr. Argyll (Ben Lui 2,000 ft, 27 viii & 2500 ft., 25 x 1962; Tyndrum 2 x 1950 with G. cookeianum), Tay (Meall Corranach,??? 23 viii 1981, 730m.; nr., Lawers ix 1899, coll. Evans). Also known from Fair Isle and Mull. Recorded by Stevenson for Tay & Moray. Records from Castle Kennedy CS 1909, amongst grass, Mt Melville, St Andrews CS 1930 and on the ground amongst grass, Lochnawe, Stranraer CS 1909.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. fallax Durand Known from Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 22 xi 1953 & Harlow Res., Edinb., 9 xii 1953 1,000 ft; South Queensferry, Hopetoun on lawns, 1 xi 2009; on lawn Afton Terrace, Edinb., 2 xi 1977; Bush Est., 17 x 1965; Greenbank, Edinb., 8 xi 1988; Blinkbonny, Edinb., 4-28 xi 2000 ), Tay (Loch Rannoch, 27 viii 1984), Moray (Aigas Field centre, 28 ix 1985; Meall an Tairbh, 25 ix 1985????), Solway (Stranraer, 6 xii 1982), Tweed (White Meldon, 29 ix 1999; Tweedmuir, 29 ix 1999); Ross (Loch Carron, 24 x 1962; Melvaig, 19 x 2000; Beinn Eighe, mossy bank, 21 ix 1956; south of Dundonnell roadside, 4 x 1990). Also records from Arran, Mull, Fair Isle and Unst in Shetland. As G. hirsutum Penicuik, M. Wilson, xi 1938. Old collections as G. hirsutum Blackford Hill, Edinb. 24 xi 1846, W. Evans and materioal in Grev. Herb. Edinb. Known from Rhilochan and Dorlin RWGD.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. glabrum Fr. Forth (As G. ophioglossoides Foxhall in Greville Herb.). Also as G. ophioglossides Altyre, Darnaway and Cawdor Wd., Forres, CS 1912 & Penicuik CS 1934 and 1927; Rothiemurchus inc. nr Sawmill CS 1927 and on the ground at Blair, CS 1921. Recorded by Stevenson from Tay & Moray and extended to Tweed in Stevenson App.8. Also as G. ophioglossoides Montgreenan & Eglinton CS 1928 and. amongst grass Aber??deen CS 1931.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. nigritum Cooke Forth (Kirkliston, 15 xii 1987; Doune Ponds, 4 x 1990; Peebles, 12 x 2000; Thruipmuir, Balerno, 30 xi 1953; Muir Co. Park, Dunbar, 20 ix 1985; Carnwarth, 27 ix 1950; Dalmeny, 16 x 1965), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 7 ix 1960), Ross (Kishorn, 21 x 1962; Beinn Eighe, 24 ix 1956; Bealach nam Bho, Applecross, 19 x 1957, 2,800 ft; Loch Loan, Tornapress, 19 x 1959); Argyll (Ben Lui, 20 x 1962); Tay (Kinloch Rannoch, 1 x 1961; South side of Loch Rannoch, 22 x 1978; Blair Atholl, 28 viii 1977; Tentsmuir, 10 x 1965). Old collections labelled G. hirsutum Forth (Braids Hills, Edinb. x 1878; also Exp. Garden, Edinb., x 1846; Gladhouse, x 1909; Swanston, x 1878) and Tay (Sands of Barrie, 1846) Also recorded from Loch Leasand, N.Harris, Mull, Fair Isle & Unst in Shetland. Known from Bettyhill and Dorlin RWGD and from Arran.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. simile Peck St Kilda, No further data
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. starbeckii As G. nigritum Moray (Rothiemurchus, Aviemore, 16 ix 1951) and St Kilda & Mull. Known from Sutherland (Tongue) & Argyll (Tyndrum RWGD) and from Arran
G. uliginosum Hakelier In Sphagnum Loch Ba, Mull, 9 ix 1968.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. umbratile Sacc. Recorded for Clyde (Falls of Clyde) and Forth (as G. nigritum, Bolton Main Wd., Gifford, 25 x 1952).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. glutinosum (Pers.) Cannon et al. Argyll (Lorn Loch Nant, 21 ix 1950), Clyde (Milngarvie Moor, x 1940), Forth (Corstorphine, 15 x 2008; Blinkbonny Edin. 13 x 1990 to 2 xi 2000), Solway (near New Abbey, Kirkcubright, xi 1979) and as G. hirsutum Blackford Hill, Edinb., xi 1846. Also known from Mull several collections, Unst, Shetland & St Kilda. Known from Sutherland (Strath Tongue and Salen RWGD). Recorded by Stevenson for Tay & Argyle.and early collection as G. viscosum for Forth (Foxhall, Edinburgh).
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. turfosa (Boud.) Dennis Forth (Pentland hills, in Sphagnum, viii 2010), Argyll (Ben Eighe, in Sphagnum, 12 ix 1963), Sutherland (Sunningdale, 4 ix 1964) & Solway (Loch Nedd, nr. Lochinver, in boggy peat, amongst sedges, wet areas with Drosera rotundifolia, 22 ix 1985).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. hirsutum (Fr.) Boud. Several old collections in E identified as this species on re-examination have been shown to refer to different species of Geoglossum. See above. What Stevenson considered Geoglossum hirsutum was recorded by him for Tweed, Forth, Tay & Moray. Known definitely from Moidart RWGD and Arran & Kintyre; Clyde (Falls of Clyde). On the ground Montgreenan, West Kilbride CS 1921 & 1928.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. tremellosum Recorded in Stevenson as Peziza from Tay (Rannoch). Considered to be the same as Thueminidium by Maas Geesteranus but the genus has also been linked to agaricoid fungi through Arrhenia q.v.earlier parts of this revision. Difficult to determine especially as Stevenson placed his record under Peziza with which the Arrhenia group are more in keeping in macromorphology than the erect ascomata of the ‘snake heads’. No material is available to redetermine Stevenson’s concept.
TFTaDMSSoCAR Sabuloglossum arenarium (Batsch) Hustad et al. Recorded as both Corynetes arenarium and Thuemindium arenarius. Tay (Tentsmuir, in sand with Elymus, 3 x 1962), Dee (Forvie, in sand-dunes, 10 ix 1975 & 3 x 2001). Also recorded from Orkney as Corynetes and known from Culbin Sands (Moray), Ross (Dorlin, W.Ross; Strome, 16 x 1962), Argyll (Glen Shiel, 17 x 1965) and as Microglossum arenarium Culbin Sands CS 1912 and subsequently.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. olivaceum (Pers. ex Fr.) Gillet Tweed (Whitmuir Est., 9 ix 2011; Abbotsford, 8 x 2000; Williamhope 8 x 2000), Forth (Carnwath, in short grass, 27 ix 1957; Midlothian, 17 x 1953; Threpmuir, Balerno, on soil edge of stream, 29 ix 1958), Solway (Menlock Pass 20 x 2000, Dalbeattie, in unimproved grassland, 16 xi 2007; Meggat,1 x 2000). Also known from Shetland, and Ulva
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. viride (Pers. ex Fr.) Gillet Tweed (Dawyck, on mossy bank under Fagus, 4 x 1991 & 2 x 2001), Tay (Straloch nr. Kindrogan, 22 viii 1966, Hermitage, Dunkeld, on mossy bank, 27 ix 1993, Glen Esk, Angus, under pine and birch, 7 ix 1955; little Brechin, on bare soil, on ditch by stream, 13 ix 1958)), Clyde (Blantyre, Falls of Clyde), Argyll (Arisaig, on moss around stump, ix 1982), Solway (Port Patrick, amongst Mnium hornum, along streamside under Fagus, 21 ix 1953) & Dee (Dunecht, under Pinus and Salix, 2 coll., 19 viii 1964). Also old material from Tay (Glamis, Rev. Stevenson. M.C.Cooke, 2nd series 395 Fungi Britanicae), Clyde (Garscube as Geoglossum glabrum epithet crossed out and identified as G. viride. A collection as Geoglossum probably from the Banks of Tweed, nr. Melrose collected by Walter Arnott; see Greville IV pg. 211). Known from N.W Highlands by RWGD in established plantations of Fagus and from Mull and Arran. Also records from Blantyre and Falls of Clyde, on ground, CS 1910, Montgreenan Troon, CS 1928, on the ground St Andrews, CS 1930. As Mitrula Crieff CS 1910, Elgin ix CS 1937. In Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Tay, Dee, Moray, Clyde and Argyll. A collection of Microglossum sp. Ross (Slumbay, Loch Carron, 20 x 1958) probably belongs here.
The records for his group have been augmented by the records compiled by Foister (1956), although sadly neither material nor notes were retained the records therefore only offer a broad brush idea of occurrence.
(incl. anamorphic taxa in Hyphales: Botrytis)
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. callthae Hennebert & Elliot On Caltha palustris. Known from Mull (3 collections, 1 ix 1969) & from Shetland (Walls and Voxter), incl. material collected and confirmed by J.T.Palmer
*TFTaDMSSoCAR B. draytonii (Buddin & Wakef.) Seaver As Botrytis gladiolorum Timmerm. causing Core Rot of Gladiolus and first recorded for Scotland in 1939; now widely distributed on commercial, imported and home-grown corms; much more common from 1948-1957 and often causing severe outbreaks as in 1948, 1950 & 1956 according to Foister (1958). A single record on Acidanthera bicolor.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. is taken as the conidial stage of B. fuckeliana. Material for this teleomorphic state only include Forth & Tay but records do not indicate the true distribution which is undoubtedly nation wide. In Foister (1958) 47 hosts are noted for cultivated ornamental and economic crop plants throughout Scotland.
Anamorphic state: Forth (on Impatiens glanduliferum, iii 1914 and on Funkia sieboldiana, i 1912 – no further data; Blinkbonny, Blackhall, Edinb., on Ribes nigrum, 10 viii 1973, Aberlady, on Rosa, 20 iii 1991, RBGdn., Edinb., on Metasequoia glyptostroboides cuttings, 1 vii 1961 & on Pteris cretica, 22 ii 1976), Moray (on Pseudotsuga douglasii, Canonbie, 1922 M. Wilson, no further data), Tay (St Andrews Univ. glasshouse, on Vicia faba, 8 xi 1978; St Andrews, on Heracleum mentagantzeanum, 14 iii 1968, Strathkiness; on Rheum, 22 viii 1965, causing leafspot; St Andrews, on dead stems of Iberis amara, 1 xi 1965; Kindrogan, on spur of Rhododendron ponticum agg.,10 vii 1973; Boarshill, St Andrews, on Syringa, 3 vii 1978). Also known as anamorph on Arran and from old umbellifer stems, on Rosa hips, & on Syringa all in Orkney; on Senecio squalidus, Mull and on tomatoes and herbaceous stems Shetland. Early record by Klotszch for Clyde (Inverary, viii 1830) both as conidial stage (under Penicillium fasciculatum) and Sclerotium durum; see below.
Material on Pseudotsuga douglasii i 1921 & viii 1920, J.M. Murray but no further data & on Picea sitchensis viii 1922, probably M. Wilson collections. Collections by Murray above are obviously the same locality as collections on Larix leptrolepis Windlister nursery xii 1920 and as Botrytis douglasii Tay (Murthley Estate, on 18 year-old seedlings, x 1920 & nr. Forfar, presumably MalcolmWilson at same location as B. cinerea x 1920) & as Botrytis douglasii on Pseudotsuga Dee (Aberdeen in Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist.)
Sclerotium durum is taken as the sclerotial or resting stage of Botrytinia fuckeliana. This is recorded from Orkney and Shetland on Hyacinthoides non-scriptus scapes, the same host on which Klotszch recorded it as S. durum var. hyacinthi from Inverary in August 1830. Material as Sclerotium miniatum on dead stems of Rhinanthus ?stenophyllus ??? Craig iv 1845 probably refers here.
Sphaeria solda Sow. Single Menzies coll. in E = S. durum Grev. See Fl Edinensis, pg 466.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. globosum Buchwald On Allium ursinum as anamorph Tweed (Dawyck, 9 vii 2006). Also known from Shetland but obviously this is under-recorded as it may be found in many sites in the late spring. Recent records from Bo-ness Forth. Records as anamorph for Kintyre, Arran, Islay, Jura, Orkney & Shetland.
*TFTaDMSSoCAR B. narcissicola (Gregory) Buchwald Known as Smoulder and recorded particularly in the eastern parts of Scotland but only as the anamorphic stage, Botrytis narcissicola Kleb., fide Foister, 1958.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. polyblastis (Gregory) Buchwald As Botrytis polyblastis Gregory stage only Forth (Suntrap, Edinburgh, spring1977). Known as Fire and fairly common from 1932-38 in certain localities and reappeared in 1957 in a few places in Scotland, fide Foister (1958) but rarely seen now. Recorded on Narcissus on Gigha. A collection with no data labeled Sclerotium, 10 viii 1939, causing small speck probably belongs here.
*TFTaDMSSoCAR B. porri (v.Beyma) Whetzel As condial stage Botrytis byssoidea J.C.Walker causing Neck Rot & Damping Off but only found on Allium cepa seed in Scotland, fide Foister, 1958.
*TFTaDMSSoCAR B. squamosa Viennot-Bourge As conidial stage Botrytis squamosa J.C.Walker on both A. cepa and A.porrum causing Damping Off (Foister, 1958). First recorded in 1943 and occasionally found causing Damping Off in seedlings grown from seed of infected stock.
lacking known teleomorphs.
TFTDMSSoCAR Botrytis alii Munn; Forth (on stored onions, xi 1987). On Allium ascalonicum & A. cepa causing Neck Rot, especially when the weather has been wet at the time of harvesting. Rarely recorded in period 1923-31 but severe cases in the 50s and in early 50s on shallots and 1953 & 55-57 on onions. Sometimes brought into crops of growing onion seedlings by infected stocks
TFTaDMSSoCAR Botrytis anthophila Bondartsev On Trifolium pratense Tweed (Corbridge, 10 vii 1977, 2 collections), Forth (East Craigs, ix 1942). Also material from Henderson but no further data. Thought to be the same as Sclerotinia spermophila q.v. but there are differences fide M.Noble
*TFTaDMSSoCAR Botrytis elliptica (Berk.) Cooke). on Lilium, 3 viii 1955. First recorded in Scotland in 1 928 but now widespread and common on commercially grown lilies fide Foister causing Lily Leaf-spot or Lily Disease.
*TFTaDMSSoCAR Botrytis fabae Sardina Chocolate Spot. On Vicia faba and found on seed samples of V. sativa. Noble transferred B. fabae from V. sativa (Tares) to V. faba. First recorded from Scotland in 1924 but misidentified and labelled B. cinerea q.v. The fungus is common and widespread in all areas of Scotland.
‘B. fascicularis’ (Corda) Sacc. As Penicillium fasciculatum growing out of Sclerotium durum. See Botrytis cinerea above
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. galanthina (B. et Br) Sacc. on Galanthus nivalis, occasional in southern Scotland 1924-39 but not reported again until 1953 when it was noted in North East fide Foister, 1958.
TFTaDMSSoCAR Botrytis hyacinthi Westerd. & v. Beyma Causing Fire in 1949 on plants grown from imported stock. See B. cinerea above.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. paoeniae Oudeman. On Paeonia spp..causing Paeony Blight. Forth (Eskbank, viii 1978; RBGdn. 1978; on P.lutea var. ludlowii, vi 1969 & on P. officianalis 15 v 1955; Belgrave Cresent, Edinb., x 1966), Solway (cultivar ‘Rock’, Logan Bot.Gdn., 26 v 1986), Tweed (Oxton, on P. potanini cv. Trolloides, vii 1981). First recorded in Scotland in1937 and subsequently becoming common in the eastern part of Scotland where in wet seasons the occurrence of Blight has been severe; now occasional in South but regularly reported in North and North East, fide Foister, 1958.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. tulipae Lind On Tulipa causing Fire. Tay (Boarshill, St Andrews, vi 1983 & 20 v 1993) & Forth (Blinkbonny, Blackhall, 2 vii 1991). Generally distributed and often severe from 1926-1932 but then less severe until 1946. It is found in most ares of Scotland (Foister, 1958).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. amentacea (Balb.) Fuckelas Peziza Clyde (U. Nethan, on fallen Salix caprea catkins). Known from Mull. Recorded in Stevenson on catkins of Salix collected by Buchanan White (Tay) and in Stevenson on fallen Salx cinerea catkins from Moncreife but under the entry for Peziza caucus; this collection was linked by Stevenson to Peziza amentacea q.v. and undoubtedly represents this latter species. It was said to be scarcely distinguishable from Peziza caucus but this has led to confusion.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. caucus (Rebent.) Fuckel as Peziza caucus Moray added in Stevenson App. 1. Known from Mull.This fungus is found only on Populus so the records on Salix belong under C. amentacea!
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. viridifusca (Fuckel) Hoenel Known from Mull on female Alnus catkins. Collections of C. amentacea on Alnus from Forth (Doune Ponds, on Alnus glutinosa, 3 iii 1991) are best placed here
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. candolleana (Lév.) Whetzel On Quercus leaves. Solway (Drumlanrig Castle, viii 1930). Also collection by M. Wilson as Sclerotinia but no further data, although this is probably the materal that Foister (1958) refers to as being collected by Wilson & Waldie, 1957. Recorded from Rothiemurchus CS 1927; Eglinton Castle CS 1928. Sclerotia on fallen oak leaves Muir of Thorn, Dunkeld CS 1925 & Eglinton Castle CS 1928. Recorded by Dennis from Morven.
Probably Sclerotium quercorum (- pustula) is referable here Forth (Balmuto, Fife and about Edinb. Sept. in Greville).
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. tuberosa (Hedw.) Kohn On rhizomes of Anemone nemorosa Forth (Roslin, 23 iv 1956; 23 iv 1983), Tay (Pitlochry, 6 v 1992; Boarshill. St Andrews, 11 iv 1978). Recorded from Clyde (Chatelherault and Falls of Clyde). Known on Anemone coronaria in East Central Scotland in 1936. Record of only sclerotia on Anemone blanda at RBG Edinb. Recorded in Stevenson for Tweed, Tay and Dee.
H. eucalypti (Berk.) Johnst. et al. On cast leaves of Eucalyptus, Mull.
M. panamaensis (Whetzell) Dumont & Korf Single record from Rhum on dung. Material in K.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. paludosa Fr. On decaying leaves in ditches, sides of rides, in boggy areas. Solway (Glen Trool in ditch, 2 collections, 24 v 1986), Sutherland (nr. Munsay, Caithness 8 vi 1989 amongst Eriophorum angustifolium, Ranunculus flamma, Potemageton polygonifolius,Carex nigra and Cardimnine pratense; Rogart, in marsh with livestock, 18 v 1971), Argyll (Ben More Bot. Gdn., in pond, 29 iv 1971), Forth (Balerno, under Salix on track, 14 vi 1996),Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch in great troops in damp ditch, 17 vi 1970 & under Pinus, in boggy area, 21 v 2003, 17 vi 1970, & 18 vi 1970; Glen Finnan, 17 vi 1986), Moray (Rothiemurchus, amongst Alnus leaves, 3 vi 1953, Loch an Eilean, in shallow stream, 11 vii 1981), Ross (Knoydart, in Sphagnum filled pond with leaves of Betula and Pinus, 23 v 1975. Dee (? Carnpharin, Dundargue Forest, under Picea sitchensis, 19 v 1981). Material from Herb. Cooke collected at Forth (Penicuik, vi 1882). Also known from Hebrides incl. Islay, Skye, Rhum, Colonsay & Mull, Harris & S. Uist,Yigdale, vii 1979? Also records from Orkney, Shetland, and Arran. Old records from Forth (Balerno, in water-course, J. Jeffyey 14 vi ix 1898), Tay (BaldovanWd., Dundee, vi 1895). Tweed (as Leotia uliginosa Pers. Macbie Hill, Peebles, 1892). Also as L. uliginosa and L. epiphylla Forth (amongst Sailx leaves at Ravelrig Toll vi 1821). In Stevenson recorded from all Watersheds except Sutherland, Clyde, Argyll and Ross.
M. adveulus (W.Phillips) Dumont On fallen needles of Larix, Skye. Type from N.Wales as Helotium advenulus on dead larch needles in E.
M. lentus (B. & Br.) Dumont(= Ciboriopsis simulata (Ellis) Dennis) on dead leasves of Rubus, Grass Pt. Mull, 10 ix 1976.
M. tenuistipes (Schroet.) Dumont on leaves of Rubus, Mull.
‘Sclerotinia’ S. homeocarpa F.T.Bennet Dollar spot of turf. Several records which may belong here but no further details available and the name is of uncertain application. The species may be better attributed to Lanzia q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. baccarum (Schroet.) Whetzel Tay (Loch Ard forest, on Vaccinium myrtilis, 29 iv 29 iv 1989). Also as Sclerotinia Forth (Currie, Midlothian, x 1909). Recorded from Rothiemurchus CS 1927, Currie, Edinb. x 1909 & Campsie on withered fruits, CS 1909..
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. fructigena Honey ex Whetzel causing Brown Rot and Spur Canker. Moray (on pear; as Phialea fructigena Elgin, ix 1937) & Forth (causing Blossom wilt in Pyrus communis, Edinbugh, 1 vii 1976). Widespread and common on Prunus domestica in Scotland according to Foister (1958) and particularly severe in 1952. Also records on Corylus avellanea causing Nut-drop fide Foister, 1958. 0n Malus sylvestris usually the conidial stage Monilia fructigena Pers. is widespread. Also recorded as conidial stage on Prunus persica and P. cerasus CS 1928 Eglinton Castle.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. johansonii (Ell. & Ev.) Honey causing Leaf Blotch on Crateagus monogyna. As Sclerotinia crateagei. causing leaf blotch in Scotland fide Foister, 1958 probably also as Sclerotinia cf. johnsonii Forth (on Crateagus. RBGdn., Rock Garden, 19 iv 1989; on Crateagus, Currie, 2 vi 2002 & 4 vi 1944 as asexual stage) & Clyde (Blantyre). Records from Islay, Jura & Kintyre. Collection as asexual stage – Molinia, 4 vi 1944 on further data, Path. Lab., DAFS & Fritton Lake?? Path. Lab. 29 v 1937.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. laxa (Aderh. & Rohl) Honey on Prunus domestica Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinburgh, 4 x 2001, 13 viii 1990, 10 vi 1992 as asexual stage). Widespread and common on Prunus domestica in Scotland according to Foister (1958) and particularly severe in 1952. On Malus sylvestris, as conidial stage Monilia laxa. and M. cinerea Bon. f. mali. Also Brown Rot of Pyrus communis. Noted on 7 species of Prunus, P. amygdals, P. armenaiaca, P. besseyi (American Sand Cherry), P. persica and var. nectarine, P. cerasus as well as peach and greengage. As Sclerotinia cinerea, Brown Rot of cherries Forth (Bridge of Allan, on Prunus domestica, xii 1925) & Solway (Stelmorlie, Ayr, vii 1924). Also on Malus (Apple), iv 1923 but no further data.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. padi (Worinin)Honey On Prunus padus. Tay (Taymuit 100ft., 24 iv 1964; Glen Shee, conidial stage on petioles and fruits, 20 vi 1994).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. urnula (Weinm.) Whetzel On Vaccinium vitis–idaea Tay (Tulloch Hill, Glen Fincastle, 24 vi 1952).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. curreyana (Berk. ex Currey) Buchwald on Juncus effusus. Tay (Rannoch School, 2 vii 1969; Glen Clova, 15 iv 1980), Solway (Glen Trool, 18 v 1966), Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, nr. Edinburgh, 19 v 1958). Also recorded for Mull, Arran & Shetland. Recorded from Tay by Stevenson on old dead rush. As Sclerotinia on Juncus several sites in Moray (around Forres, CS 1912) & Tay (on culms of Juncus, Mt Melville, Kembeck & Tentsmuir CS 1930; on dead culms Juncus effusus Skelmorlie CS 1921; on Juncus communis and as Sclerotium roseum. Black Nest Wd, Thornhill CS 1924. As Sclerotinia on fading culms of Juncus Countesswells, CS 1931. Sclerotia Forth (Penicuik), Tay (Dunkeld CS 1947 and Thornhill CS 1945) belong here.Sclerotia Clyde (Culzean, Rozelle & Kilkerran CS 19260; Tay (on fading rush Megginch, Dundee, CS 1933) & Moray (Aviemore ix 1938 & Elgin ix 1937 CS and as S. Curreiana ! Aviemore and Rothiemurchus. As Sclerotium roseum BMS foray 1938.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. dennisii (Svrcek) Schwegler Records by Dennis for Central Highland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. scirpicola (Rehm) Buchwald on Scirpus palustris. Tay (Rae Loch, nr. Blairgowrie, iv 1951 & 17 ii 1951). (Also Moray (Glen Spean on Scirpus caespitosus 8 vi 1966) and recorded by Dennis for Ayrshire. Probably should include Sclerotinia gregoriana J.T. Palmer Mull (Ben More on Trichophorum 1,000 ft. 14 ix 1968).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. sulcata (Whetzel) Buchwald Recorded by Dennis for Caithness and Sutherland on several Carex spp. Sclerotinia eleocharidis D.M. Hend..is probably this species. Type in E Mull (Penmore Mill, 1 vi 1969).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. vahliana (Rostrup) Buchwald Recoded by Dennis from Caithness and Sutherland on Eriophorum angustifolium.
TFTaDMSSoCAR O. azaleae Weiss causeing Petal Blight. Solway (Bardnard Hse., Dalbeatie, on hybrid Rhododendron, vi 1973), Forth (Glenrothes Hse., on Rhododendron ponticum, 19 ix 1979), Argyll (Younger Bot.Gdn., 20 iii 1982) & Tweed (Dawyck, 20 viii 2000). As Sclerotinia azaleae (Weiss.) Dennis has been noted in S.West and Central East Scotland according to Foister (1958).
P. ulicis (Cooke) Massee on Ulex Tiree, Skye & Kintyre.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. firmum (Pers.) Dumont Apparently not uncommon on fallen branches of oak but no specimens retained in E. Recorded in Stevenson as Peziza on dead Quercus branches.for all but Sutherland, Argyll and Ross; Argyll added in App 4. On oak branches Clyde (Pinmore, Girvan CS 1905) & Tay Perth, 1903 CS as Hymenoscyphus & Murthley 1925 as Hymenoscyphus. Also Phialea Clyde (Culzean Castle, CS 1928) & Moray (Glenferness & Rothiemurchus, CS 1912). As Ciboria ochroleuca Tay (Crieff on Quercus robur, 1911. On dead oak branches as Ciboria Clyde (Pinmore, CS 1905).
P. pachyderma (Rehm) White & Whetz. as Ciborina hirtella on decaying leaf-litter of Quercus, Mull with conidial state Acarosporium quisqullaris (White & Whetzel) Sutton.
S. bulborum (Walker) Sacc. causing Black Slime. On imported Hyacinhthus bulbs 1955 and subsequently but not established in Scotland fide Foister (1958)..
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. sclerotiorum Solway (on Petasites, Langholm, 5 vi 1966; on Primula sp., vi 1962, on Primula pulverulenta, Logan Bot.Gdn., 10 vii 1980 & 14 viii 1975), Forth (on Pittosporium tenuifolium, 5 iv 1961; on Heliopsis, cv. Lodden Gold, RBGdn., Edinb, no further data; on Doronicum caucasium, RBGdn Edinb., 24 vi 1966 & 19 v 1967; on Primula gloramina from Bhutan, Dalmeny, South Queensferry; Carriber Glen, Linlithgow, in Ulmus wood, on Doronicum, 5 vi 1966 - 2 col. and 10 v 1957; Dalkeith Palace by river on herbaceous plants, 7 v 1996), Clyde (Falls of Clyde, on herbaceous plant debris under Mercurialis & Petasites albus) & Tay (Kindrogan , Flower Border, 26 iv 1966). Also recorded from Mull, Orkney & Shetland as the anamorphic stage.
S. sclerotiorum has been recorded most commonly as the anamorph - not uncommon on Helianthus tuberosus (Jeruselum Archichoke) in 1941 in Central East Scotland, 1949 (South East), and 1957 (North East); on Cucumis frequently causing Foot and Root Rot in period 1924-1937 less so now; on Phaseolus vulgaris (French Bean) causing Stem & Pod Rot and once causing severe attack in South Central; on Pisum sativum causing Stem Rot with very severe outbreak in North East in 1957. Recorded from Islay as sclerotia on Symphytum tuberosum. Also on Chrysanthemum morifolium causing Root Rot, a wilt of Anthirinum, Stalk Break in Asters; found amongst seed of Brassica napus (Swede Rape), Causes Stem rot in Cheiranthus cheiridini, on Dahlia causing Stem and Tuber rot, on Daucus sativus (Carrot) causing a Root rot; on Forsythia suspense causing Die-back, on Heracleum mantegazzianum causing a stem rot. Also found causing Crown Rot in Lupins, Stem rot of Tomatoes, Stem Rot of Matthiola incana, on Pastanacea sativa, on Phaeolus coccineus, causing Stalk Break in Solanum tuberosum, on Trifolium pratense. All records according to Foister (1958). Sclerotinia sp. causing a foot rot in Calendula officinalis probably belongs here also.
S. spermophila Noble (= Sclerotinia trifoliorum var. minor). Commonly found on imported seed of Trifolium repens from New Zealand. The seeds fail to germinate but the pinkish grey seeds produce apothecia if the seeds are kept damp. Produces a Botrytis stage. Disease does not appear to be found in Scottish stock.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. trifoliorum J. Erikson causing Clover Rot or Sickness of Trifolium pratense and Medicago lupulina. In the latter known from Dee (Craibstone (1939) & Forth (Boghall, Edinb., 1948 and East Craigs in experimental fields). On Medicago sativa unknown in Scotland until 1956 & 57. In mixed crops of Medicago & Trifolium pratense Tweed (Berwickshire 1956 & 1957, apothecia appearing through split stems).
Collections lacking teleomorphic stage but where known not to be associated with Sclerotinia s.stricto the proposed teleomorph is indicated.
S. delphi Welch Causing Root Rot of Delphinium in North area in 1953 fide Foister (1958). No known affinity
TFDMSSOCAR S. muscorum Pers. recorded from Mull amongst Leucobryum glaucum; amongst Rhacomitrium, Ben Bhann, Applescoss, 2000 ft., 11 x 1969. Also a recent record from Dawyck, semihypogeous in Rhytidadelphus etc. under Abies homolepis. As S. subterraneum Tode α muscorum Forth (nr. Newhaven, spring 1822 and 2nd collection in Polytrichum with same type of label prob. Greville).
(S. neglectum Berk. n.s. Holotype is in E, not from Scotland).
S. pteridis Schleich Material from Sir W Jardine, labeled ‘common’. No further data but appears to be Rhopographis & Pycnothyrium both of which are common and widespread.
‘S. quercinum Pers.’ Balmuto, on Quercus leaf, Greville (=pustula). 2nd. Coll. Labeled ‘about Edinburgh Sept.’ Greville. These are undoubtedly sclerotia of Typhula quercinum – see Basidiomycotina.
‘Sclerotium rhizoides Aud.’ on Holcus, Corstorphine vii 1941; not Sclerotiniaceae.
‘S. rolfsii Sacc.’ On Celtuce Lactua x Apium. Imported and found on seed heads; single record from Lanarkshire in 1943 Foister (1958). This is a member of the Athelioid basidiomycetes qv.
‘S. scutellatum A. & S.’ On rotting Ulmus leaves, Corstorphine vii 1941; Laraty, Blairgowrie, on Fraxinus leaves, 19 iv 1974. Resting structures of Typhula phacorhiza – see Basidiomycotina.
‘S. semen Tode Menzies collection, Spring. = Sphaeria brassicae with no further data.. Greville collection from Jardine Hall, 1825. On dead Urtica, Corstorphine, 23 iii 1944, Path.Lab. DAFS. Resting stage of Typhula – see Basidiomycotina.
‘S. tuliparum Lib.’ causeing Grey Bulb Rot. First recorded for Scotland in Edinbugh in 1926 although common and widespread; still occasionally recorded but severe cases are rare. Appears to be a Rhizoctonia, an anamorphic state of Ceratobasidium - see Basidiomycotina.
Sclerotium sp. Forth (Crossford, on Heracleum metagatzianum). See above under S. sclerotiorum recorded on same host.
Sclerotium sp. Tweed (On cone scales of Abies nobilis Dawyck coll. M. Wilson).
There are 3 old collections of Sclerotium by Greville, On Anthriscus sylvestris Auchindenny Wd., about Edinburgh, Sept.; on dead stems of Galium aparine, about Edinburgh; on Juniperus communis, Pentlands. Probably none are sclerotiniaceus fungi!
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. cepivorum (Berk.) Whetzel causing White Rot and Mouldy Nose in Allium ascalonicum, A.porrum & A.cepa fide Foister, 1958. collection as Sclerotinia sp. anamorphic state (labelled Botrytis cepivorum Berk. a species not in Index of Fungi) Forth (Joppa x 1925).
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. gladioli Drayton & Groves Found on commercial Gladiolus, 1963, M. Noble, causing Dry Rot. On Gladiolus known from 1924, first recorded near Ayr and spread thereafter with severe outbreaks in 1938, 1950 & 1954 according to Foister (1958). Also on Freesia causing Dry Rot and general spotting Foister (1958).
S. heraclei E.A.Ellis on fallen fruits of Heracleum, described from Inverness. No material in E. Anamorphic state is Symphiosira parasitica Mass; & Crossl.
TFTaDMSSoCAR V. heterodoxa Peyrenol Tweed (As asexual stage Valensia myrtilii on Vaccinium myrtillus Dawyck Bot. Gdn, viii 2010).
Z. eucalypti (Berk.) Dennis As Torrrendella. Mull, on fallen Eucalyptus leaves.
Z. rosarum Vel. on fallen leaves of Rosa and Rubus Mull, with anamorphis states Amerosporium patelariodes Smith & Ransb. and Chaetomella oblonga Fuck.
TFTaDMSSoCAR E. fascicularis (A. & S.) on Sorbus aucupari and Prunus padus Tay and Moray in Stevenson Addenda and var. repagulis on old fence post, 2,800 ft. Clova. The latter sounds unlikely and may refer to a different fungus; not referred to in Index of Fungi.
TFTaDMSSoCAR E. furfuracea (Roth.) Karst. Recorded in Stevenson on Alnus from Tweed, Tay & Dee in Stevenson’s Addenda and Moray in App. 1. Recorded from Mull on Corylus and recently from Clyde (Chatelherault) & Tweed (Gordon Moss).
E. glauca Dennis on Corylus Mull
TFTaDMSSoCAR E. tiliacea (Fr.) Karst. Recorded for Tay in CS 1920.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. echinophila (Bull.) Korf in Stevenson App.2 with description from Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. luteovirens (Roberge) Dumont & Korf on dead leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus. Clyde (Jock’s Gill, Upper Clyde) but under-collected being known from Tay (Kinnord), Tweed (Earlston), Forth (Edinburgh). Known from Islay. As Peziza pallidovirescens in Stevenson with description for Moray in App. 3.
L. stellariae (Vel.) Spooner on Stellaria media, Islay.
L. vaccini (Vel.) Spooner on Acer pseudoplatanus leaf, Arran.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. bolaris (Batsch) Rehm on dead branches of Salix & Ilex. Moray (only early records for this fungus exist and all are by Rev. Keith: records from Mondale, 9 xi 1880; Duphail, 8 x 1879; Greenshop, 3 xi 1879 & Forres in Phillips Elv. Brit.). Noted in Stevenson for Moray and Argyll.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. conformata (Karst.) Nannf. Tay (Blairgowrie, on Alnus, 10 v 1964). Also Mull, Orkney and Islay
TFTDMSSoCAE R.firma Tweed (on Quercus twigs, Gordon Community Woodland, 7 x 2015). Has been placed in Poculum. In Stevenson App.4 for Argyll.
R. fructeci Rehm on Rubus Mull.and Gigha.
R. henningsii (Kirsch.) Dennis on Eriophiorum, Eleocharis and Carex.Three sites on Shetland - St Ninians, West Burra and Mousa.
R. hercynica (Plottn.) Dennis on Epilobium angustifolium, Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. lindaviana (Kirsch.) Dennis Mull. Records on Carex Tay (Glen Fincastle, 14 vi 1970; Tulloch Hill, on Carex rostrata, 26 vi 1972). on Carex Mull, Salen, Records under the name R. plana D.M. Hend. probably belong here; see below.
TFTaDMSSoCAR R. sydowiana (Rehm) White on fallen leaves of Quercus, Clyde (Falls of Clyde & L. Lethan), Also records for Skye, Mull, Islay & Arran.
R. plana Henderson on Eleocharis palustris Penmore Mill, Mull. Holotype in E.
To expand the knowledge for this order records from M.J.Richardson have been included. As with Ascobolaceae material in E J. van Brummelen, Leiden Herb. has examined collections in furtherance to his monograph.
The disposition used herein is based on molecular techniques although classical classification using morphology alone would appear to indicate that this is a rather unusual and unexpected positioning.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. subfuscus Boud. As Ascobolus subfuscus with description in Stevenson App. 6 from Moray (on cat dung, Forres). On rabbit droppings, Forth (Sauchieburn, Stirling, 1 x 1966 CS). On cow dung, Tay (Drummond Hill, ix 1969 CS). Also records from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee and Ross. Thought by some authors to be the same as Thelobolus microsporus q.v. recorded in Stevenson with description for Moray (Forres on cat dung).
TFTaDMSSoCAR Ascozonus monascus van Brum. & Richardson Type from Forth (New Hailes, on rabbit droppings, 21 vii 1994). Also Forth (on rabbit droppings, Portmoak). Known also from Tweed, Tay & Solway.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A woolhopienis (Renny) Boud. Forth (on rabbit droppings, Ravelston, Edinburgh, 5 xii 2004; Gifford, Bolton Muir Wd., 7 xii 2007; on roe droppings, Cleish 20 x 1998) and on mice dung, Mull. Also many records for Tweed, Tay & Solway.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. argenteus on cow dung Tay and Moray.
C. aurorus (Crouan. & Crouan.) Kimb. On rabbit droppings, Shetland incl. Fair Is., Orkney, Rhum and Mull all as Ascophanus.
C. disculus Richardson Orkney Mainland also on cow dung Islay & Shetland.
C. glaucellus (Rehm) Kimb.on cow dung, Shetland & Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. granuliformis (Crouan. & Crouan.) Kimb. On sheep droppings Shetland and horse dung Orkney, Harris, Barra, Mull incl.Ulva. Recorded by Stevenson on cow dung from Moray (Grantown) as Ascobolous and as A. argeuteus from Tay (on cow dung Parkfield, Perth, viii 1909).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. lacteus (Cooke & Phill.) Kimb. On rabbiit pellets Shetland and as Ascophanus Mull.; Forth coll. as C. aff. lacteus from sheep droppings, Pentlands, 11 x 1996.
C. ochraceus (Crouan. & Crouan.) Larsen Known from Harris.
TFTDMSSoCAR C. rhyparoides As Lachnea ascoboloides on excrement of animal Quarrymill, Perthshire ix 1909 (Tay).
TFTDMSSoCAR C. sexdecimsporus (Crouan. & Crouan.) Kimb. On horse dung Orkney and sheep droppings Shetland, including Fair Isle, as Ryparobius Yell & Unst; on sheep dung Fair Is.. Also St Kilda, Harris, Barra, Mingulay & Colonsay; Tay (on sheep droppings, Bridge of Balgie, ix 1969), Tweed (Broughton, Peebles on sheep droppings, 7 vii 1996), Forth (Hare Hill, Pentlands, on sheep and horse droppings, 17 iv 1997). 2 collections on red deer droppings Lui Bridge, 4 ix 1997 accompanied by unknwn species of the genus.
This genus is desperately in need of monographing.
Collections noted from Foula, St Kilda, Orkney Shetland in Hascosay & Mull and Little Cumrae. Also all on rabbit pellets, Forth (Doune, 14 viii 1989; Newbattle 2 xii 2001; Ecclesmachan,West Lothian, 5 vii 1996; Polkemmet, 19 xii 1988) and Moray (Coylum Bridge, on cow dung, 26 v 1997). Dee (Craig Leek, on red deer droppings, 5 v 1999) & Forth (Port Mook, on roe deer droppings,
R. brunneus var. brunneus Boud. On grouse droppings Shetland.
TFTDMSSoCAR R. dubius Boud. On grouse dung Inver, Dunkeld 28 x 1911 (Tay).
R. myriadeus P. Karst. On sheep dung Shetland.
R. myriosporus (Crouan.) Boud. On horse and sheep dung Shetland.
R. pachyascus Zuckel ex Rehm On rabbit droppings Shetland incl. Fair Isle.
Thecotheus apiculatus Kimb. On horse dung Shetland.
T. caninus (Auersw.) Spooner On animal faeces, Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. crustaceus (Fuckel) Kimbrough On grouse droppings. Forth (Bonaly, 22 iii 1998) & Argyll (Ben Resipol). Also on rabbit and vole dung from Orkney. Recorded from Colonsay as Ryparobius cookei; on grouse droppings in Stevenson App 3 and as Ascobolus cookei with description from dog dung Tay (Rannoch).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. microsporus (Berk. & Br.) Kimbrough on cow and sheep dung Skye, Shetland & Orkney Also St Kilda, Raasay and Colonsay. Recorded for Moray (on cow dung, Aviemore) in Stevenson App. 3 as Ascobolus microsporus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. nanus Heimerl. Forth (Hillend, Edinb., on rabbit, 26 xii 1996; Dalmeny, on roe deer droppings, ix 1968; on rabbit droppings, Sauchieburn, Stirling, 1 x 1966.). Also on sheep, rabbit, horse & cow, Orkney and rabbit and sheep Shetland and recorded from St Kilda and Mull. Recorded from Moray (Forres, on horse dung, v 1967 CS). On sheep droppings, Ross (Bridge of Balgie, ix 1969).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. polysporus (Karst.) Otani & Kanzawa On brown hare droppings Tay (St Andrews, 6 v 2003). Also records from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee & Ross
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. stercoreus Tode. Forth (Hillend, Edinb., on rabbit, 20 xii 1996) and Tweed (Eildon Hills, on rabbit, 25 vii 1996; Hanginhshaw, on rabbit, 20 ix 2003 as Coprotus). Also on hare dung Orkney and Mull, Ross (Suiven ,
on mountain hare 11 vi 1997), Moray (Darnaway, on rabbit droppings, v 1967) and Tay (on deer droppings, Glen Lyon, ix 1969). Also records from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee & Ross
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. sphaerosporus Kimbr. on deer dung, Forth (Dalmeny v 1967 CS) and Moray (on deer droppings Coylum Bridge, 26 v 1967).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. zukalii (Heimerl) Kimbr. Known on roe deer droppings Forth (Mavisbank, Loanhead, 6 iii 2007; Gosford and Penicuik) and Moray (Coylum Bridge, 26 ix 1997).