Mildew on Acanthus spinosus
(cc BY-NC) Dave GenneyMildew on Acanthus spinosus
(cc BY-NC) Dave GenneyProf. Roy Watling
This ‘chapter’ covers a group of the Peziziomycota, the Mildews – Erysiphales because they form a rather distinct group of plant parasites which phanerogamists associate with and so there are many more herbarium specimens than found for the other groups. As in previous parts the revision of Mycologia Scotica does not attempt to cover the records for all Scottish ascomycetes; it is based on the specimen-holdings in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E) until my retirement 17 years ago. Since that date all accessions have been data based so specimen information after this time can be obtained on the Garden’s BG-base. In effect there are very few additions. There are many more specimens housed in the Herbarium at Kew (K), especially as several important Scottish collections made their way south. For anyone commencing monograph work or proposing a wide-ranging Scottish list these should be consulted in addition to the compilation below. The rationale adopted in this part is slightly different to that found for the Basidiomycota. Firstly, I have decided to revise the ascomycetes in smaller more manageable groups. In general, except for the larger disc-fungi assigned to the Pezizales, the ascomycete holdings in Herb. Edinb., compared with the basidiomycetes, are not very representative. In the early issues of the Cryptogamic Society foray reports there is a section included covering new Scottish records, following on from Stevenson’s appendices. With the dearth of specimens of ascomycetes in general in E I have extracted records from the Annual reports of the former Cryptogamic Society of Scotland (abbreviated CS in the compilation below) and British Mycological Society foray accounts until 1938 (BMS). I feel the inclusion of these records, despite not being usually supported by extensive field notes nor voucher material, give a much better idea of the Scottish Ascomycota. Many of these records have been generated by the likes of James Menzies, Perth and Charles McIntiosh, Dunkeld and from the west Andrew Boyd.The last contributed many many records of micro-species which will be dealt with in later parts of the revision. The second reason for including these records is that there have been great changes in the systematics and therefore the nomenclature of the ascomycetous fungi, possibly more than experienced in the basidiomycetes. There is no doubt that with more molecular research further changes will be made. At least the incorporation of this new knowledge will, with the wider scavangimg for early Scottish records, give readers a better idea of the Scottish mycoflora and indeed where to direct their collecting efforts in the future. The mildews have been selected for this ‘chapter’ to fall in line with other ‘discomycete’ groups as they are now considered to be related to the disc-fungi as part of the Leotiomycetes.They are also a well circumscribed group of species which have been collected by many people. The outline of the earlier contributions this ‘chapter’ has been found necessary because of the great changes in the systematics of these organisms. The identity of many species has been redefined (Braun & Cook, 2010). As the Edinburgh mildew collection is in a very muddled state with many specimens assigned to teleomorphic names, although only based on the conidial stage, viz. Oidium, some order has been attempted to attach the correct name to these collections so that a better understanding of the host relationships and distribution in Scotland is achievable.
Not all these specimens, numbering many hundred, have been re-examined so in the main part this ‘chapter’ is a desk-top study. The exercise has been carried out by incorporating into a morphological framework the identification of the hosts and their distribution in Scotland. The introductory formula which commences species entries in earlier works has not been adopted herein as there has been an over-emphasis on the Forth Watershed which skews the results for the whole of Scotland. Another divergence from the earlier protocol is that it was thought that the hosts for Scottish material in E would be a useful guide for future studies. An enormous number of specimens and records of mildews are to be found under such species named as Erysiphe communis & E. polygoni and later E. cruciferarum. There will be no doubt, after further research, be a re-alignment of E. orotnii with its wide diverse range of hosts.
Several collections in E from around Edinburgh were collected by Greville, an author who made a particular study of parasitic fungi and who named several species new to science. Collections in this listing have been particularly important, in an attempt to create parallel information to that of Greville. L. Junell has examined the important early Edinburgh collections towards her monograph of the group. A paper has been written on the Rhododendron mildews of the collections in E named by Boeserwinkel as Microsphaera pannosa and Erysiphe cruciferarum. These names have been replaced after implementation of current taxonomic ideas and a list of all the ericaeous taxa appears in the Appendix. It has been particularly informative to include records generated by Horticultural & Agriculural advisors in the Plant Pathology Laboratories of the former the Dept. Agric. & Fisheries for Scotland and College of Agriculture brought together by Foister (1961). These include material from the late Dr. R.W.G. Dennis, formerly of the the Herbarium Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Edinburgh fungarium is fortunate to have the collections of several plant pathologists including J A. Macdonald, Malcom Wilson, Andrew Angus and of course Douglas M. Henderson, forme Regius Keeper at RBGdn. Edinburgh. As in earlier chapters the records include those of Alan Silverside, although his material is not housed in E. Other sources of information are included in the rationale accompanying this work on the Scottish Fungus website. As before this is not an attempt to record all the fungi so far known from Scotland but is based on the material deposited in E; it is hoped that this part of he revision of Mycologia Scotica, as it evolves and is completed, will ease the way for future enquirers with a full check-list in mind.
The rationale adopted herein is the same as that for earlier parts of the mycota, the records likewise being expanded with information from the old Cryptogamic Society of Scotland (CS) and early records from its spin-off, the Cryptogamic Section of the former Botanical Society of Edinburgh. This group has been greatly augmented by material from the Keith herbarium made possible through a permanent loan to Edinburgh and from records in Foister’s Economic Plant Diseases of Scotland. Kirk & Spooner’s records from Arran are included.
See Introduction file for further information.
A. resinae Parbery Tay (Black Wd., on resin of Pinus sylvestris, 23 iii 1974) & Moray (Rothiemurchus, on resin of P. sylvestris, 23 v 1976).
Myxotrichum examined by R. Currah
M. chartarum Kunze on straw bales, xii 201l, North Uist.
M. deflexum Berk. Forth (on plaster board, Edinburgh, RBGdn. enquiry, ii 1974). Isolated from wet leaves, Mull.
O. tenuissimum (Peck) Hughes Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Polygonum baldschuaricum, 5 iv 1975; Cortsorphine Hill. on old log, 1946; det. Bisby).
Polydesmia
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. pruinosum (Berk. & Br.) Rehm. On diatrypaceous and sphaeriaceous fungal stromata; all records as Polydesmia. Dee (on Annulohypoxylon multiforme, Edzell, ix ix 1954; on old pyreno., Tyrebagger Hill, Aberdeen, 7 v 1975), Forth (on Eutypa maura, Torryburn, Dunfermline, 16 xi 1980; on effet pyreno.,Yellow Craigs, East Lothian, 7 v 2001), Solway (on Diatrype stigma, Glen Cairn, Galloway, 1 x 2000). Single collection on old Corylus from Seil Is., 18 x 2001. Known from Arran, Skye, Mull & Rhum. In Stevenson as Helotium from Tweed, Tay, Moray & Argyll; as Helotium Perth CS 1906. An old Jerdon collection as Peziza and Pseudohelotium jerdonii, most probably from the Borders, is considered to belong here, despite being previously placed in synonomy with Pseudohelotium pineti by Check list authors. As Helotium Argyll (Inverary, CS 1907), Clyde (Hawkshead, Girvan CS 1905) & Tay (Dunkeld CS 1904).
Diplodascaceae Diplodascus
D. geotrichum (Butler & Peters.) von Arx Collection as Oospora lactis on slime flux on Acer pseudoplatanus, agrees with this species Forth (Corstorphine, 25 ii 1940). Recorded by Foister, 1961 as possible slime flux on Aesculus hippocastaneus, under Geothricum candidum).
B. graminis (DC) Speer Scottish plant-hosts: Agropyron, Anthoxanthum, Avena, Bromus, Dactylis, Festuca, Holcus, Hordeum, Lolium, Milium, Poa, Secale, Triticium incl. cereals. This is a very common and widespread mildew with many records in various lists but there are few actual collections in E supporting the fact. Generally, the material in E is from agricultural sources, although this mildew is found on a whole series of wild, native and exotic grasses. The fungus occurs most commonly as Oidium moniliodes, the asexual anamorphic state; chasmothecia are less frequent. Known on Arrhenatherum elatius, Avena strigosa & A. sativa, Agropyron repens, Dactylis glomerata, Bromus mollis, Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, F. pratensis & F. rubra, Holcus spp., Hordeum distichon, Lolium temulentum & L. perenne, Milium effusum, Poa trivialis, Triticium aestivum & T. turgidum & Secale. cereale. Forth (Edinburgh, on Agropyron repens, 12 ix 1953; Balerno, on A. repens, 12 ix 1966; Corstorphine, on Anthoxanthum odoratum, ix 1922; SSRPB, Edinburgh, on Dactylis, 4 vii 1941, Granton Edinb., on Triticium, ix 1922; on Festuca rubra, Maybury, Edinburgh, 25 vi 1943; SSRPB, Edinburgh, on Hordeum, 22 vii 1940; Carberry, on Poa pratensis, vi 1942; Tranent, on Triticum, 14 viii 1942; Gifford, on Triticum, 10 ix 1961; Ephinstone Tower,Tranent, on Triticium, 14 viii 1942), Tay ( Kingsbarn, St Andrews, on A. repens, 3 vii 1966; on Hordeum, St Andrews, 8 xi 1978; Blairgowrie, on P. pratensis, 29 v 1955; Parkhill, Arbroath, on Triticium, ix 1941), Clyde (Hamiilton, on A. repens, vii 1930; Dalrymple, Ayrshire. on Avena sativa, viii 1942), Tweed (on A. sativa, Kelso, viii 1942) & Moray (Allafearn, Inverness, 31 viii 1936; Craib Styrie, 6 vi 1943, on winter Lolium perenne). Old collection from Kincardine as Oidium moniliodes by Rev. J.E. Vize. Known from Lewis, Barra, Tiree, Coll, Mull, Colonsay on A. repens, Barra on Bromus mollis & Lolium perenne, Skye & Rhum on Poa spp., Rhum on Avena sativa, Rhum, Eigg & Islay on D. glomerata, Islay & Kintyre on Hordeum & on A. elatius Shetland. Common on forage crops; on Triticum in 1930, 1944, 1949, 1953 1954 1956 & 1957 severe enough to effect crops & Secale in S West, S Central, N. East & N.West; on Hotdeum usually negligible but severe in 1957 along whole coast east Berwick to Ross, in 1948 E & S Central & 1949 S. East & S West; on Avena. only occasionally severe enough to effect crops to create economic damage; widespread and occasionally severe in different areas in different years, Foister 1961. In Stevenson only noted for Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee & Ross.
E. adunca (Wallr.) Fr. Scottish plant-hosts: Salix spp. esp. S. caprea. Forth (Almond-dell, Midcalder, on S. caprea, 3 x 2010; Livingston, on hybrid willow in garden, 10 xi 2004; Craigleith, Edinb., on S. caprea, 1 ix 2004; Dunfermline, 2 coll.), Tay (Ben Vrackie, on S. aurita, 27 vi 2009), Tweed (Dawyck, on S. caprea, 18 x 2009), Ross (Kishorn, on S. caprea,19 ix 1965 & 13 x 1959) & Moray (Culloden, x 1941; Forres, on S. caprea, 7 ix 2000). As Uncinula salicis noted by Foister (1961) and Cooke collection on long leaved willow, S. viminalis? But with no further data. Uncinula on Salix leaves in Stevenson for Forth & Moray.
E. alphitoides (Griff. & Maublanc) Braun & Takam. Scottish plant-host Quercus robur, Q. petraea & hydrids; sometimes on exotic oaks. Common wherever oaks are found especially on michelmas growth. Forth (Dunfermline on Quercus, 27 ix 1997; Cammo Park, Edinb., 10 xi 1983; East Linton in hedgerow, x 1997), Tweed (Peebles on Q. robur, 1934), Tay (Murthley, on Q. rubra, 10 viii 1921; St Andrews as Oidium quercinum, 19 x 1968; Bussaguard, St Andrews as Microsphaera quercina. 19 x 1980) & Clyde (Chatelherault on Quercus cf. petraea). Also, Alcock coll. as O. quercinum on Quercus, 28 ix 1920, no loc.: as O. quercina, 20 ix 1920, no loc. & Path lab. coll. but no data, possibly local to Edinb. As conidia on Quercus Raasay, Skye, Mull & Colonsay. In Stevenson Ayrshire & Renfrewshire (Clyde) in Additions and as Microsphaera alphitoides (conidial O. quercinum) in Foister (1961).
E. aquilegiae DC. Scottish host-plants: Ranunculaceae – Aconitum, Anemone, Aquilegia, Clematis, Delphinium & Thalictrum. Caltha & Ranunculus (as variety see below). Forth (on cultivated Aquilegia sp., Orchard Brae, 12 x 1971 & Blinkbonny, 11 viii 1981 & 6 viii 1984; on Delphinium cv ‘Chisholm’, 1 ix 1930 & viii 1932 as E. polygoni; RBGdn. Edinb., on Clematis recta, 11 xi 1975; Blinkbonny on C. jackamanii, viii 1981; Blinkbonny Edinb., on Anemone elegans, 8 ix 2004; Blinkbonny, on Delphinium, 27 vii 1984, 20 vii 1984 & viii 1981; Musselburgh, on Delphinium, 1 ix 1959; Blinkbonny on Aconitum angelicum, 10 ix 2003. Old collections Foxhall Edinburgh as Erysiphe polygoni; Greville coll. as E. aquilegiae - Erysiphe communis var. 2) & Tay (Ballanluig, on Aquilegia. vulgaris, ix 1921; Glamis, on Aconitum, 22 viii 1969; Kindrogan on Aconitum nupellus grp., 26 viii 1968; on Thalictrium minus Coll, Orkney as E. ranunculi; 2 old collections in Cooke Herb. as E. communis & E. polygoni on Thalictrum, no locality, Noted by Foister (1961) on Delphunium, Clematis, Aconitum & Aquilegia, on the first host recorded for the first time in Scotland in 1930.
var. ranunculi (Grev.) Zheng Clyde (Loch Lomond, on Caltha palustris, 11 ix 1959), Tweed (nr. Yarrow, on R. repens, 20 ix 2003), Tay (St Andrews, on R. acris, 21 vii 1966; St. Andrews as Oidium on R. acris, 7 vii 1966), Moray (Black isle on R. flammula, viii 1943) & Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on R. auricomus, 8 x 1959). On Ranunculuis muricatus neotype in E = E. nitida & E. ranunculi Grev. including Oidium clematidis. Also known from Lewis, Harris, Vatersay, Mingulay, Raasay, Skye & Mull incl. Ulva, Lismore, Colonsay, Shetland incl. Fetlar, Islay as E. ranunculi on Ranunculus acris, R. repens & R. flammula. On R. flammula Ulva. As Erysiphe polygoni on Caltha palustris CS 1933.
E. astragali DC Scottish host-plant: Astragalus glycyphyllos. Forth (Arbroath as E. polygoni on Astragalus glycyphyllos, viii 1944).
E azaleae (Braun) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants: large range of non-native azaleiod, lepidote & elepidote Rhododedron spp. and other Ericaceae in cultivation. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Erica formosa, 7 iii 1985; E. pelviformis, 7 iii 1985, E. glomerifera, 7 iii 1986; E. oatsii, 7 iii 1985, E. axifera, E. johnstoniana E. subdivaricata, E. plukenetii, E.mammosa, E. nudifolia & E. ageana all as Oidium ericeae: on E. conica & Erica sp. as Oidium ericinum. A paper covering the Rhododendron mildews has been published in Sydowia in which the Edinburgh collections had earlier been assigned to either Erysiphe cruciferarum or Sphaerotheca pannosa. See Appendix. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., Azalea lawn on azaleoid Rhododendron, 20 ix 2007; Edinburgh garden, 24 viii 2005; RBGdn., Edinb., on R. rhodoleucum 24 vii 1969 & 24 vii 1969; Blinkbonny Edinb., as Oidium on R. carolianaum x leucospis (= cv. Eider) & R. remotense x davidiana (= cv. Phalarope) from Cox nursery Tay, 9 ix 1989; RBGdn., Edinb., R. occidentale x magnificum & R. occidentale cv. Superba; Ravelston, Edinb., on Rhododendron, 2 v 2002; Comley Bank, Edinb., on Rhododendron in garden, 17 i 2000; Blinkbonny, Edinb., R. grieserianum x forresti-regens, 15 vi 1989 & on R. tenuis, 7 iii 1985; Succoth, Edinb. Rhododendron, 31 v 2004; Edinburgh as Oidium cruciferarum on Rhododendron, 20 ix 2005; RBGdn., Edinb., Rhododendron cv. lndron Sunte Nectarine 24 viii 2005), Solway (Castle Kennedy, Galloway, on Rhododendon cv. Cynthia, 23 v 1986; Castle Kennedy, Rhododendron spp., 2 coll. 23 v 1986), Tay (Glen Doick, on R. cinnabarinum, 26 viii 1985) & Tweed (Dawyck on R. cecilae 28 ix 2003 & cv. Bright Fortune, 3 viii 2003; Rhododendron cv. Exberry Hybrids Rose 28 ix 2003. As Oidium ericinum on Erica spp. from Ayshire 1956 in Foister (1961). Known from Gigha, conidia only on R. cinnabarinum iv 1969. On R. roylei Wilson coll. no further data.
E. begonicola Braun & Tamak. Scottish host-plants; range of non-native cultivated tuberous and fibrous rooting Begonia spp. usually those under glass. Forth (RBGdn, Edinb. as Microsphaera begoniae on Begonia Rex, 15 v 1985 & 30 iii 1955; Learmonth, Edinb., 29 viii 1979; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on tuberous Begonia, 27 x 1985; Blinkbonny, on Begonia nitida, 1 viii 2007; Edinb. In garden, 25 viii 1966; RBGdn, Edinb., on Begonia cv. ‘Gloire de Lorraine’, 31 iii 1955; prob. RBGdn., Edinb. on Begonia sutherlandise, 7 viii 2003; RBG Edinb. as E. polyphaga on Begonia rex, 9 x 1973 & cultivar ‘Equisite’, 6 iii 1969; Cramond nursery Edinb., as Oidium hortensiae, 1 iv 1948. As conidial state Oidium begioniae under E. polyphaga in E; first recorded in 1952 in South East Scotland and then in 1953 in Edinburgh in stock from Germany. Now found on Begonia rex cv. Gloire de Lorraine & varieties and glasshouse forms which are more prone to infection. Recorded once in Peebles, Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire by 1954 and in Aberdeenshire & Argyll and the year later in Wigtonshire according to Foister (1961).
E. berberidis DC Scottish host-plants: Native Berberis vulgaris and cultuivated spp. also on Mahonia. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Berberis thunbergii, 25 viii 2002; Edinb., 1 viii 1980; Pathhead, 30 vii 1923; RBGdn., Edinb., on Mahonia aquifolia, ix 1912 & 7 x1961; Dick Place, Edinb., on M. aquifolia, 4 ix 1976; Crichton Castle, on B. vulgaris, 10 x 1959.), Tay (Killicrankie, car park, on ornamental Berberis, 10 ix 1987, Kenmore on B. vulgaris, viii 1923). Greville coll. as E. penicellata – Alphitomorpha & E. berberidis: in Garden at Foxhall, Edinb., ix 1822 - Forth. Also, Dareuth, Cooke coll. no data. As Microsphaera berberidis on Berberis in Stevenson recorded for all Watersheds except Sutherland, Solway & Ross. It ranges from Inverness southwards according to Dennis. Recorded on B. vulgaris as Microsphaerorth by Foister (1961) and records in Crieff CS 1910; Forres, CS 1912 as Microsphaera & Rothesay CS 1913.
E. betae (Vanha) Weltz. Scottish host-plant Chenopodiaceae: planted Sugar Beet. As Oidium sp. (= O. cylindricum Sawada) on Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Sugar Beet) in Economic Diseases in Scotland (Foister, 1961).
E. circeae L. Junell Scottish host-plant Onagraceae, Circaea lutetiana. Tweed (Dawyck, on leaves of Circaea lutetiana, 25 viii 2006 & 27 ix 2009) Clyde (Chatelherault), Tay (Guildtown, Perthshire, 31 viii 1951) & Ross (Kishorn, ix 1965). Also known from Skye.
E. convoluli DC Scottish host-plant: Covolulaceae, Calystegia sepium. Greville collection as Erysiphe and E. polygoni var. on Convolvulus with other handwriting.
E. cotini (Eliade) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant Cotinus coggygria. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. on Rhus (=Cotinus) cotinus, 10 vii 1979: St Lukes church, Edinb., on Cotinus coggygria 13 viii 1984; RBG Edinb., on C. coggygria, 10 vii 1957). Undoubtedly introduced with planted material.
E. cruciferarum Opiz ex Junell Scottish host-plants Papaveraceae & Cruciferaceae Crucifers - Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Brassica oleracea ssp. gemmifera, 18 xi 1977; Dobbies Garden Centre, Melville, Edinb., as Oidium, 28 v 1941; RBGdn., Edinb., on Capsella bursa—pastoris, conidia only, 29 ix 1957; Orchard Brae, on Sinapsis arvensis, 9 ix 1993; Orchard Rd, Edinb, on Sisymbrium officinale, viii 1980; Whitkirk, East Lothian, on B. napo-brassica; Orchard Brae, Edinb., on B. napo-brassica , viii 1981 & on B. napus, 22 x 1978 & viii 1981; Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Lunaria annua, 1 x 1981; East Linton, on S. officinale, 7 x 1962), Tay (Dundee, on B.napus, ix 1933), Clyde (as E. polygoni Ayr on B. campestris ) & Tweed (East Linton as E. communis, on S. officinale, 7 x 1962). Also. on B. napus as E. polygoni, conidia only, no further data: on Iberis umbellata, conidia only, 20 ix 1976 & on Capsella autumn 1935, no loc., on Brassica rutabaga as E. polygoni CS 1926. This mildew is far more common on Turnip and Swede where it is only a slight problem, although severe in 1947 in S. East and N. East and in 1955 in N. East and S. West Scotland; occasional on B. oleracea var. botrytis (Cauliflower & Broccoli), B. oleracea var. capitata (Cabbage) & B. oleracea var. acephala (Borecole). As Oidium brassicae on economic crops Brassica napo-brassicae, B. oleracea var. botrytis, var. capitata & var. acephala & B. napus fide Foister (1961) as E. polygoni. Recorded on brassicas from Gigha & undoubtedly to be found on the other islands although no material available. In Stevenson as E. communis and indicated as also occurring also on Ranunculaceae & on Leguminosae for all Watersheds except Ross, Solway, Argyll & Sutherland; records need to be re-adijusted in the light of Braun & Cook’s research. Collections on Rhododendron assigned by Boerswinkel have been placed in E. azaleae q.v. On Papaver Forth (RBGdn, Edinb., annual border on Papaver Shirley hybrids, 5 x 1959; Craigleith, Edinb., on Eschscholzia californica, 1 x 2004) but see Erysiphe macleyana below.
E. divaricata (Wallr.) Schltdl. Scottish host-plant Frangula alnus. Old Grev. coll. as Erysiphe divaricata on Frangula; has been confused with material on Lonicera in E.
E. euonymicola Braun Scottish host-plants: exotic Euonymus spp. Forth (North Berwick, Dirleton, on Euonymus japonica, 24 vii 1968; RBGdn., Edinb., on E. fortunei var. radians, 24 viii 1979). Old Cooke coll. on Euonyonomus as Microsphaera commuta but no data.
E. friesii (Lev.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant Rhamnus cathartica. Forth (Edinb., on Rhamnus no further data)
E. grossulariae (Wallr.) de Bary Scottish host-plants usually planted or escaped Ribes spp., on Ribes uva-crispa unless otherwise stated. All records as Microsphaera grossulariae - Clyde (Lanarkshire, as vii 1940), Forth (Dalkeith Palace Gardens, 27 x 1941; Fountainhall, Edinb., on Ribes alpina, 19 v 2997; Blinkbonny on R. rubrum, 1 x 1989; Fala, East Lothian, 8 ix 1923; Craigmillar viii 1921; Aberlady, ix 1921). As E. penicellata on R. uva-crispa Greville coll., viii 1850 (Forth). As Microsphaera Path Lab. Edinb.? no further data, presumably Edinburgh environs) & Tay (Tayside, viii 1939). As Microsphaera on R. uva-crispa in Stevenson for all Watersheds except Sutherland & Solway. Also, as Microsphaera for Crieff CS 1910, Drumnadrocht CS 1908, Moffat CS 1911 & Rothesay CS 1913. Noted for Harris & Coll on Ribes uva-crispa. As Microsphaera in soft fruit plantings on Ribes rubrum, R. nigrum & R. uva-crispa in Foister (1961).
E. heraclei DC. Scottish host-plants, members of the Umbelliferae both native and crop plants - parsnip & parsley. Clyde (Chatelherault & Falls of Clyde on Heracleum), Tay (Kenny Den, St Andrews,31 vii 1917 3 coll.; Boarhills, St Andrews, on Anthriscus sylvestris, 6 viii 1980; Murthley as E. polygoni, on A. sylvestris, ix 1922; St Andrews, as E. polygoni on Aegopodium podograria 1930; Dundee, on Petroselinum crispum, Rossie Priory, Dundee, ix 1933), Forth (Dunbar as Erysiphe polygoni, on Heracleum sphondylium, ix 1933, 2 coll.; Berwick as Oidium, on Pimpinella saxifraga, ix 1922; on A. sylvestris, Wilson coll. no data; Crossford, Dunfermline, on H.mantegatzianum, 3 ix 1977; Orchard Rd., on H. sphond., 18 viii 1969; Canonmills, Edinb., on A. sylvestris, 17 vii 1985; Craigmillar, Edinb., on Smyrium obtusatum, 14 viii 1921; Carriber Glen, Linlithgow, as E. umbelliferarum, on H. sphond., 27 ix 1959; Arbroath as E. polygoni on H. sphond., ix 1944; Arbroath on A.sylvestris, ix 1944; Temple, Midlothian, on Angelica, x 1959; Dalmeny, on H. sphond., 6 x 1968; Hermiston, Edinb., on Chaerophyllum anthriscus (=A. sylvestris), 20 ix 1959 & on H. sphondylium, 20 ix 1959). Old collections as E. martii var. umbelliferaruim Cooke herb. 2 coll., no further data; Possible Greville coll. inside packet E. martii var.i.; as E communis, Greville coll. on Heracleum ‘autumn’ no further data except in packet labelled E. martii var. Fr.; as E. communis on A. sylvestris, ix 1837; as var. umbelliferarum, Pitform, & on back labelled polygoni & martii var.. Recorded as E. martii on leaves of Heracleum in Stevenson for Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray & Ross. As E. umbellifererarum Drumnadrocht CS 1908; West Kilbride on A. sylvestris CS 1921; Dalkeith on H. sphond. CS 1934; as E. polygoni on Heracleum & Angelica CS 1926, Rossie Priory, Dundee CS 1933, on P. crispum (as Carus petroselium– Parsley) & on Heracleum Dunkeld CS 1947, also as E. polygoni same foray same host. As E. heraclei on H. sphond. Kintyre & on Angelica Skye. On Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) as E. polygoni in Foister (1961); seed sample Plant Path. Lab., on Pastinaca, 2 v 1938; also, as E. polygoni on Pastinaca sativa in Economic Plant Diseases (Foister, 1961) where it is not often recorded but very common on seed.
E. hyperici (Wallr.) Blumer Scottish host-plants, Hypericum speces both native and exotic. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Hypericum wessii & on H. kouychense 8 ix 1959; Orchard Road, Edinb., on H. perforatum, 22 x 1972, 1 viii 1969 & 5 ix 1976; recent records on H. pseudohenrhyi) & Tay (St Andrews on H. perforatum, 28 vii 1966; Boarhill on H.perforatum, 31 vii 1967. In the Highlands on Hypericum perforatum fide Dennis.
E. knautiae Duby Scottish host-plants Dipsacaceae – Scabiosa. Type from Balmuto in E. Greville coll. (Forth). Known from Skye, Mull & Shetland on Scabiosa succisa (= Succisia) as Oidium scabiosae. Conidial stage recorded on Scabiosa, in Economuic Crops of Scotland (Foister, 1961).
E. lamprocarpa (Wallr.) Link recorded in Stevenson App. 3 on Plantago major & P. lanceolata. No locality given.
E. lonicerae DC Scottish host-plants native and exotic Lonicera spp. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Lonicera japonica, 8 vii 1989; Belford Av., Edinb., on L. japonica, 4 viii 1984 & 29 vii 1988). As Microsphaera dubyi & as Erysiphe divaricata & Alphitomorpha, Greville coll. see Flora Ednensis pg 461 as E. divaricata (Forth). Old collection as E. alni var. lonicerae but no further data. Known on L. periclymenum at Blinkbonny but no specimens in E and apparently occurs in SW Scotland.
E. lycopsidis Zheng & Chen Scottish host-plants Lycopsis and cultivativated Anchusa. Forth (Blinkbonny on Anchusa, 10 vii 1983). In Stevenson as Erysiphe horridula on leaves of Lycopsis arvensis for Forth & Moray.
E. mayori Blumer Scottish hots-plants Cirsium spp.Tay (Kindrogan on Cirsium heterophylla, 28 viii 1976; Kinnell Brae, St Andrews, as Erysiphe cichoracearum on C. arvense, 31 vii 1967), Forth (Blinkbonny, as Oidium on Cirsium arvense 10 x 1989; Edinb. as Oidium on C. heterophylla, 31 viii 1958), Ross (? Loch Carron as E. cruciferarum on C. heterophyllum, 14 x 1959 - 2 coll.). Also, On C. palustre Raasay, on C. arvense Colonsay & on C. heterophyllum, Morven & known from Shetland on C. arvense & C. palustre. On C. heterophylla Dunkeld CS 1925.
E. macleyae Zheng & Chen Scottish host-plant Meconopsis spp. Forth (Blinkbonny on Meconopsis betonicifolia, 3 viii 1986; Clermont, Edinb., as Erysiphe cruciferarum on M. betonicifolia, 15 ix 2004; Edinb., as Erysiphe cruciferarum on M. horridula, 24 ix 1950 – all probably belong here). But see E. cruciferarum & G. orotini.
E. ornata var. europea (Braun) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant Betula pubescens. Dee (Dinnet, on Betula pubescens as Oidium sp. 6 ix 1975).
E. necator Schwein. Scottish host-plants cultivated grape-vine and exotic relatives. Solway (Auchincruive as Oidium fuckeli on Vitis vinifera, 21 vi 1942) & Forth (Edinb., 19 ix 1990; RBGdn., Edinb., on Vitis belliae, 3 x 2005; ??? Edinb. as Oidium on Rhoicissus rhomboidea, 16 viii 1984 enquiry from ‘Western tree Surgeon’). Mildew noted for E Central, North East, S. Central and S. East areas but only a few establishments grow grapes and so passes as non-economic in Scotland (Foister, 1961).
E. penicillata (Wallr.: Fr.) Quel. Scottish host-plant Alnus glutinosa. Recorded from Wester Ross on Alnus as Microsphaera penicellata fide Dennis. Recorded by Stevenson for Tay & Argyll in App. 4 as Microsphaera. As Alphitomorpha recorded in Stevenson App,4 for Argyll but no host give.
E. pisi DC. Scottish host-plants Papilionaceae - legumes – Pisum and related genera, see E. trifolii below. Clyde (on Vicia cracca, Chatelherault), Forth (Sighthill, Edinb., on Medicago lupulina, 18 vi 2003; Balerno, on V. sepium 30 ix 1984; Edinb., conidia on Pisum sativum, 1 x 1959; Dunfermline, V. cracca 24 x 1982; Orchard Rd Edinb., on Pisum sativum as E. pisi, 7 v 1990; Arbroath, on V. sativa, viii 1944), Tay (Perth, as E. polygoni on P. sativum, 11 viii 1933; Ballanluig, on Pisum, ix 1920; St Andrews on M. lupuletorum, 8 xi 1978 & 24 vii 1967; St Andrews & Boarhill as E. polygoni, no host or dates), (also Berwick on Vicia sylvatica as E. polygoni, 29 viii 1933) & Tweed (old coll. A. Jerdon as E. polygoni as P. sativum). Forth (Greville coll. from garden, Foxhall, Edinb., ix 1822 as E. communis with ‘pisi’ added. included on label is martii var. c.). As E. polygoni in Foister (1961) recorded on Pisum and reported as widely distributed in most areas but only severe in 1938-9 and 1972 in East Central Scotland.
var. cruchetiana (Blumer) Braun Scottish host–plant Ononis repens Tay (Barns Ness, East Lothian, on Ononis repens, 10 x 2009).
E. polygoni DC Scottish host-plants Polygonum aviculare & introduced taxa. Forth (Ravelston, Edinb., on Polygonum aviculare, 1 viii 2004; Ratho, as Erysiphe ? on P. aviculare, 23 ix 1968; Dalkeith, on P. aviculare, 17 ix 1981; RBGdn, Edinb., on P. lapathifolium RBGdn., Edinb. no date & as E. polygoni, on Muehlenbeckia platycladium (as Homalocladium), 21 viii 1984).
E. prunastri DC. Scottish host-plant Prunus spinosa. Tay (Dunkeld, on Prunus spinosa 1823, Greville?; Loch Tay on P. spinosa, 1 ix 1961; Fincastle on P. spinosa, 3 xi 1968). Also noted from Islay & Ulva on P. spinosa 11 ix 1968. Greville coll. lacking data. In Stevenson as Erysiphe wallrothii Lev on leaves of P. spinosa from Tay & Moray.
E. russelli (Clinton) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant exotic Oxalis sp. Forth (Edinburgh, Blinkbonny, 20 x 2005, on weedy Oxalis amongst cacti – introduced).
E. symphorocarpi (Howe) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant cultivated Symphorocarpus albus. Forth (Craigleith, Edinb., as Microsphaera on Symphorocarpus albus, 1 ix 2000).
E. tortilis (Wallr. Ex Fr.) Link: Scottish host-plant Cornus sanguineus. Specimen from East Craigs Path Lab. but lacking data. Old collection from Tay (Dureuth on Cornus sanguineus Cooke coll. no data).
E. sedi Braun Scottish host-plants cultivated Sedum spp. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., noted as Oidium on Sedum jepsonii, S. preathum & S. rubro-glaucum but apparently no material in E).
E. trifolii Grev. Scottish host-plants in Papilonaceae – clovers including forage crops in genus Trifolium & Lathyrus. Clyde (on Sarathamnus (Cystus) scoparius, Chatelherault & on Lathyrus pratensis, Jocks Gill; Cumnock, on L. pratensis, 21 viii 1942). Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Lathyrus, 2 viii 2004; Pathhead on L. pratensis 2 ix 1923; Carriber Glen, on L. pratensis, 27 ix 1959 & as E. martii on Trifolium arvense in packet; Musselburgh,on L. adventus, 1 ix 1959; Blinkbonny on Lupinus cv Russel lupins, 30 vii 1980, 6 vii 1976 & 8 vii 1989: Bawsinch Edinb., on Meliotis altissina 14 viii 2002; Arbroath, on T. pratense, 10 vii 2009; Dunfermline, on L. pratensis, 24 x 1982; Inveresk as E. polygoni, on Lupinus, x 1940; Balerno, on T. medium, x 1977; nr Hermiston, Edinb., on T. medium, 20 ix 1979; Balerno, on L. pratensis, 1 xi 1957; Pittenweem, on L. pratensis, viii 1919; on Genista hiberica, as Oidium, vi 1914?), Moray (Kinguisse, on L. pratensis & on T. medium, ix 1940) & Tay (Dunkeld, on Lupinus nootkatensis, 18 ix 1959; Dunkeld, on S. scoparius, 18 ix 1959; Boarhill, St Andrews as Microsphaera trifoli var. intermedia on Lupinus cv. ‘Russell Lupins’, 23 ix 1971; St Andrews, on S. scoparius, 31 vii 1967; St Andrews, on T. dubium, 26 viii 1966; St Andrews, as Oidium on L. pratensis, 8 vii 1966) & Dee (Eicht, Aberdeen, on L. pratensis, 7 ix 1975). Old collections include Grev. material, Foxhall, Edinb., type of E. lathyri ‘Sept as E. communis with E. polygoni added; also Foxhall in garden, ix 1822- type of E. robinae on Robinia viscosa; Also Greville ‘about Edinburgh in autumn on Trifolium medium’, Type of E. trifolii (with E. polygoni- communis in separate hand writing) & Grev. coll. also from Foxhall, on L. pratensis Sept., type? of E. lathyri - all Forth. Cooke coll. under E. martii but no loc. given. Known from Skye, Islay & Kintyre on L. pratensis, Islay & Kintyre on T. pratense. Recorded for Drumnadrocht CS 1908, Moffat CS 1911 on L. pratensis; Forres CS 1912. As - E. martii on L. pratensis CS 1910; on T. medium & T. pratense Ayr, CS 1926. As E. polygoni Peebles on L. pratensis CS 1946, Dundee CS 1933; On T. incarnatum & T. pratense as E. polygoni in Foister (1961) & as E. polygoni on Robinia pseudoacacia in Foister (1961); also, in Foister as E. polygoni on Lupinus spp. & on L. odoratus again as E. polygoni. Foister indicates it is rarely reported on T. repens whereas on T. pratense it is widely distributed. As E. martii recorded by Stevenson for Argyll in App. 4.
E. ulmariae Desm. Scottish host-plant Filipendula ulmaria. Forth (West Calder, on Filipendula, 10 ix 1962; Dalmeny on Filipendula, viii 1912) & Tay (St Andrews, on Filipendula, 23 vi 1966, 2 coll.; Rumbling Bridge, Perthshire, on Spiraea (Filipendula) ulmaria as? S. humuli, 17 iv 1949). On Spiraea = Filipendula) ulmaria as Sphaerotheca humuli CS 1933, on Filipendula CS 1927 & Aviemore, Forres CS 1912. As Sphaerotheca castagnei on Filipendula in Stevenson recorded for Tay & Moray. Known from Mull on Filipendula.
E. vaccinii Schwein. Host-plants a range of non-native Vaccinium spp. from North America But see E. wallrothii below! Some collections may have been derived from plants originally based in N. America. For a full range of taxa see Appendix.
E. vanbrutiana (Gerard) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant of variety on introduced planted Sambucus racemosus. var. sambuci-racemosae (Braun) Braun & Takam. Tweed (Dawyck, on Sambucus racemosus, annually).
E. viburni Duby Scottish host-plants Viburnum opulus and some cultivated species. Forth (Inverleith Row, Edinb., Viburnum tinus, 10 xi 2010; Orchard Rd., Edinb., as Microsphaera sparsa on V. tinus, 28 viii 2004), Tweed (Dawyck on V. opulus, 20 viii 2004) & Tay (Boarhills, Fife, as Uncinula on V. opulus, 9 x 1978, 2 coll. & 26 ix 1979). Old Greville coll. (as E. alni), from Foxhall, Edinb. on Viburnum opulus. As E. hedwigii on V. opulus for Dee in Stevenson in App. 3. As Microsphaera on V. opulus in Central Highlands fide Dennis.
E. wallrothii (Braub & Tanda) Braun & Takam. Host-plants Asiatic Vaccinium spp. & possibly vaccinioid relatives to be recognized. Collections best placed here ad interim considering their Asiatic source. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in tropical glasshouses, Vaccinum banacanum 1983; V. chrobracteatum; V. filiforme 1984; V. tenellum 1984. V. albicans 2 coll., V. cercidifolium, Agapetes stenantha 2 coll., Dimorthanera amplifolia – 7 xi 1985. Cavendishia complectens; C. strobifera; Diplyiosa sp.; V. reticulatum; Agapetes salicifolia var. buxifolia; V. reticulatovenosum; Agapetes sp.; V. varigifolium; Costera enderlii 3 coll.; Arctostaphylos cushingicura; Agapetes stenatha 5 coll.; Gaultheria cordifolia). See Appendix below for full range of ericoid taxa.
E. chrysamenthi (Rabenh.) Braun & Cook Scottish host-plants native & exotic Chrysanthemum spp. Forth (Edinb., on Chrysanthemum, ii 1928 & as E. crucifearum; 2 ix 1930; RBGdn, Edinb., as Oidium, ii 1914; Blinkbonny, Edinb., as E. cichoracearum on Chrysanthemum, 14 viii 1983; Queensferry Rd., Edinb. as Oidium on C. parthenum) On Chrysanthemum cv. Souvenoir de la Petite Arnie, Nursery sent in to RBGdn., Edinb., viii 1914; on Chrysanthemum as Oidium chrysothemi, 22 vii 1984. This can be a harmful disease of commercial Chrysanthemum but is not frequent (Foister, 1961).
E. longipes Scottish host-plants, cultivated Petunia spp. Forth (Edinburgh? as Sphaerotheca fuliginosa var. petuniae on Petunia sp., 25 viii 2002).
F. pelargonii Braun & V. Kum. Scottish host-plants. Pelargonium spp. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. as Oidium fugax, on Pelargonium from South Africa - undoubtedly introduced, no further details).
sp. See Appendix for rhododendroid collections below.
G. artemisae (Grev.) Heluta Scottish host plants, native Artemisia spp. Forth (Dobbies nursery, Melville, Edinb., as Oidium, on Artemisia vulgaris, 28 v 1941; Craigleith, on A. vulgaris, 8 ix 2004; Linlithgow, on A. abisinthium, vii 1982; Duddingston, 4 viii 2008; Waters of Leith, Edinb., on A. vulgaris, 18 x 1977; Hermiston, West Lothian, as E. cichoracearum on A. vulgaris, 5 viii 1955; Pittenween, as E. cichoracearum). Balmuto Greville coll., ‘Autumn’ type - Forth. As E. linkii on leaves of Artemisia vulgaris in Stevenson and recorded for Forth & Tay. Old collection as E. linkii Dareuth in Cooke Herb. with 2nd coll. no data. Under E. cichoracearum - 3 herbarium sheets one indicated as on A. vulgaris. E. linkii on A. vulgaris, viii 1919 & Rothesay CS 1913 and noted for Ayrshire by Dennis
G. asterium (Schwein.) Braun var. moroczkovskii (Heluta) Braun Scottish host-plants cultivated Aster novi-belgae (Asteraceae). Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. as E. cruciferum on Aster novi-belgae, 12 x 1972; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on A. novni-belgae, 5 viii 1984; Blinkbonny, Edinb., as Oidium, on A. novi-belgae, 14 x 1989; Blinkbonny as Oidium, on A. novi-belgae, ix 1980). As E. cichoracearum on Aster incl. Michelmas Daisy in Foister (1961) on commercial flower crop.
var. radigera Scottish host-plant cultivated and native forms of Solidago virgaurea (Asteraceae). Forth (Blinkbonny, as Oidium, on Solidago virgaurea, ‘Golden Rod’, ix 1980; Roslin, on Solidago virgaurea, 20 ix 1979).
G. biocellatus (Ehrenb.) Heluta Scottish host-plants various cultivated Labiatae including Apple Mint. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Mentha rotundifolia, 19 viii 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., Rock Garden, on Lycopsis officinalis, 5 x 1957; RBGdn., Edinb., on Rosemarianus conidia only, 6 iii 1969; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on M. rotndifolia, 10 viii 1979). On Ajuga, Orkney.
G. cucurbitarum (Zheng & Chen) Kakal & Kloron Scottish host plants Cucurbitaceae under glass especially Cucumis. Forth (Orchard Brae, Edinb., on Cucumis sativus 24 viii 1978; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on C. sativus, 10 vii 1997; Blinkbonny, on Cucumis 21 viii 1978: Blinkbonny as Sphaerotheca fuliginea on C. sativus, 10 ix 2001; Dalmeny, Path. Lab., as E. cichoracearum, 7 ix 1931). Noted as Oidium on Cucurbitaria pepo var. medullosa in Foister (1961) & as E. cichoracearum widespread on Cucumis from 1924 -1940 and still common in 1957 but not causing serious damage.
G. cichoracearum DC. Scottish host plants composites incl. Crepis, Lapsana, Mycelis, Leontodon & Hieracium. Forth (Comley Bank, Edinb., on Crepis vesicaria (as C. taraxacifolia, 12 i 2005; Drumcarro Hill, Fife, on Hieracium vulgatum, 6 vii 1966; RBGdn., Edinb. rock garden as Oidium on Hieracium waldstenei; Blinkbonny, Edinb., as Oidium, on. Bellis cv Double-flowered, 26 vii 1991; Cramond, Edinb. as Oidium on Mycelis communis, 27 iv 1966; Blinkbonny, on Mycelis 20 vi 2005; Blinkbonny, as Oidium on Lapsana communis 17 & 20 vi 2005; RBGdn., Edinb., on Pilosella officianarum subsp. tricorona, 29 xi 1985), Tweed (Dawyck, on Hieracium sp., 22 ix 2001; Dawyck, on Leontodon autumnalis, 5 viii 2000) & Tay (Kinnoul Hill, as ? E. cichoracearum, on Mycelis muralis, 7 ix 1984). Anamorph on Hypochaeridis radicata Islay. Also, Drumnadrocht CS 1908. As Oidium sp. 2 ix 1930, Path. Lab., Edinburgh? But no further data.
G. cynoglossi (Wallr.) Haluta Scottish host-plants Boraginaceae, Myosotis, Symphytum, Echium & Pulmonaria. Forth (Craigleith, as Podosphaera symphytii, on Symphytum, 1 ix 2004; Cockburnspath, East Lothian, on Myosotis sylvaticus, viii 1922; Cramond as Erysiphe polygoni crossed out, on Symphytum, 23 vii 1962; RBGdn., Edinb, on S. officinale 23 vii 1981; Tyninghome, East Lothian, as E. horridula, 21 ix 1962 & 12 x 1959; as E. horridula on Myosotis arvensis, 15 vi 1988; Ravelston, Edinb., as Oidium on Pulmonaria, 9 viii 1979; Arbroath, as E. polygoni, ix 1944; Aberlady on Echium vulgare, as E. horridula, 11 viii 1951; Penicuik, as E. horridula, on M. sylvaticus, v 1921; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Symphytum officianale, ix 1985, 17 vii & 13 viii 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., as Oidium on Symphyum orientale, 7 xi 1975; Orchard Brae, Edinb., on Symphytum, 1 viii 1969; Wallace Memorial Stirlning, on Symphyum, 1 vii 2008), Tweed (Yarrow, Selkirk, on M. sylvaticus, 20 ix 2003) & Tay (Pitlochry as E. horridula, on S. x uplandicum, 13 vii 1968; Glamis est., on S.x uplandicum, 22 viii 1968; St Andrews, on M. arvensis, ix 1965 & as Oidium on M. arvensis, 28 v 1966 and on S. tuberosum, 24 viii 1966; Boarhills St Andrews on Pulmonaria, 20 ix 1977). Old coll. from Corstorphine, Edinb., as E. horridula Cooke 446, viii 1871 (= asperifolium fide Junell). In Stevenson as E. horridula on leaves of Symphytum Forth & Moray, with Tay & Dee added in App.8. On Myosotis as E. horridula, Dundee CS 1933, Ayr anamorph on Myosotis & Symphytum CS 1926 & S. tuberosum Crieff CS 1910. As E. asperifolium, Glasgow area, on S. album as E. asperifolium Islay & Ayrshire; on Myosotis as Oidium in Foister (1958) and records from Orkney & Shetland on Myosotis & Symphytum.
G. depressus (Wallr.) Heluta Scottish host-plants Centaurea & Arctium. Tay (Banks of Tay as Erysiphe cruciferarum on Centaurea nigra, 18 ix 1959; St Andrews, as E. polyphaga, on Arctium lappa?, ix 1961), Forth (Blinkbonny Edinb., as E. cruciferarum, on cultivated Centaurea, 8 vii 1980 & viii 1981; Arbroath as E. cichoracearum, on Arctium sp., viii 1941; on A. lappa, as E. cichoracearum, 17 viii 1921, no further details.Type of E. arctii Greville coll. ‘about Edinburgh’ portion of coll. On Centaurea & on Arctium on Raasay & Colonsay. Recorded as Oidium on Centaurea nigra Mull, Orkney & Harris. As E. cichoracearum, on A. minus, Crieff 1910 & West Kilbride CS 1921. In Stevenson as E. montagnei on leaves of Arctium for Forth, Tay & Moray.
G. fischeri (Blumer) Braun & Cook Scottish host-plants Senecio aquatilis, S. jacobea, S. vulgaris & S. viscidus. Clyde (Chatelherault, on Senecio vulgaris), Tay (St Andrews on S. aquatilis, 8 xi 1978), Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., as E. cichoracearum on S. vulgaris, viii 1981) & Tweed (Hanginshaw, Yarrow, on S. viscidus, 20 ix 2003; Peebles on S. jacobea CS 1946). On Senecio jacobea as Oidium Colonsay & on S. viscidus Islay.
G. guarinonii (Briosi & Cavara) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant, cultivated Laburnum. Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Laburnum anagyroides seedling 7 v 1990).
G. macrosporus (Speer) Braun Scottish host-plants native and cultivated Chrysanthemum parthenium, Tanacetum & Pyrethrum. Moray (Grantown as E. cichoracearum, on Tanacetum vulgare, 19 viii 1986) Tweed (Dawyck, on Chrysanthemum parthenium, 4 viii 2010 & Peebles xii 1932) & Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Tanacetum coccineum, 9 xi 1975; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Pythremum roseum, viii 1981).
G. magnicellulatus (Braun) Heluta Scottish host-plants herbaceous cultivated Phlox spp. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on cultivated Phlox, 16 viii 1984; as Oidium P. paniculata, cv. ‘Louis Blanc’, viii 1961; on Phlox ix 1980).
G. montagnei Braun Scottish host-plant Schizanthus. Forth (East Craigs, Edinb., as Erysiphe cichoracearum, on Schizanthus). Possible coll. as E. cruciferarum, Dareuth, no data. Cooke herb.
G. orontii (Castagne) Heluta Whole range of Scottish plant-species. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Vinca major, 3 viii 2004 - 2 coll.; Blinkbonny, as Oidium (Euoidium violae) on cultivated Viola, 15 ix 2004; Blinkbonny as Erysiphe polyphaga, on Vinca minor, 22 vii 1997; Blinkbonny, on Viola tricolor, viii 1981; RBGdn, Edinb. Streptocarpus sp., 6 ix 1975; RBGdn., Edinb., as Oidium on Jankia, 29 vii 1986; RBGdn., Edinb., on Viola sp. 30 vii 1928; Pentlandfield, as E. polyphaga var. solani tuberosae, 20 viii 1959; RBGdn., Edinb. as Oidium solani on Solanum tuberosum cv. Majestic’ 1982; RBGdn., Edinb., on Digitaiis purpurea, 15 ix 1961; Blinkbonny on Antirhinum ‘Garden snapdragons’ as O. antirhini, 4 xi 1984; Blinkbonny on Antrhinum volunteers, 10 v 1986; Blinkbonny, on Vinca major, viii 1981; RBG Edinb.) & Tay (St Andrews, Boarhill as E. polyphaga, on Althea officinalis, 16 x 1980; St Cyrus, on Campanula glomerata, 12 vii 2009). Old collections as E. communis on Carduus Greville coll. but no data. On Dahlia as E. polyphaga in conidial state (Foister 1961) first recorded for Scotland in 1955 in South Central area. Also, RBG Edinb. intercepted from Socotra; as Oidium acrocladium on Caralluma (Asclepiadaceae) 1982, 2 coll. – may be new taxon. From the wide range of hosts it would appear that this species has taken on the mantle of the classic period of E. communis or E. poylgoni and that we will undoubtedly see further splitting of G. orontii. There is every possibility that some of the records under separate names herein may, judgeing from the wide host-range, be transferred.
G. seneconis Braun Scottish host-plant horticultural Cinerari. Forth (Blinkbonny on Cineraria house plant, 1 iii 1982).
G. sonchicola Braun & Cook. Forth (Blinkbonny, Sonchus arvensis, 22 x 1978; Silverknowes, Edinb., as E. crucifererum on S. arvensis, 3 x 1968; Orchard Road, Edinb., on S. arvensis, 24 viii 1984, 9 vii 1972 & as Oidium on S. arvensis, 8 vi 1989; Blackhall Edinb., as Oidium on S. asper, 20 vi 2005) & Tay (St Andrews, West Barns, conidia only on S. arvensis , 13 ix xx) & Clyde (Chatelherault on living leaves of S. asperior). Old Grev. coll. Holotype of Erysiphe asper from Roslin (with E. bicellatus, E. horridula & E. cichoracearum all on label in packet) – Forth.
G. sordidus (Junell) Heluta Scottish host-plants Plantago spp. Clyde (Loch Nethan on Plantago major), Forth (Orchard Brae, Edinb., on Plantago major, 22 x 1978; Pentlandfield, on Plantago, 30 ix 1959; Dunbar as E. cichoracearum on P. maritima, viii 1922; Weymss Bay as E. cichoracearum on P. maritima, 1915; Arboath, on P. major, viii 1944; Tyninghome, as E. lamprocarpa on P. maritima, 8 ix 1979), Ross (Kishorn, on P. maritima, 14 x 1959), Moray (Culbin, on P. maritima, vii 1987) & Tay (St Andrews, on P. major, 22 ix 1965; St Andrews, on P. maritima, 18 vii 1965, 3 coll.; Boarhills, Fife, on P. lanceolata, 23 ix 1971; Boarhills, on P. major, 25 ix 1971; St Andrews, on P. maritima, 26 vii 1967; Fife Coast on P. maritima, 26 ix 1975). Also, known on P. maritima from Barra, Jura & Mull incl. Iona & Shetland incl. Mousa. On both P. major & P. maritima on Islay. As E. polygoni on P. maritima Ayr CS 1926. Probably records as E. lamprocarpa on P. major & P. lanceolata added in Stevenson App. 3 for Tay & Moray belong here.
G. valerianae (Jacz.) Heluta Scottish host-plant Valeriana Tay (Dunkeld, on Valeriana officinalis, 18 ix 1959) & Forth (nr. Hermiston, Edinb., on V. officianalis, 28 ix 1959).
G. verbasci (Zacz.) Heluta Scottish host-plant Verbascum. Forth (Dalkeith as E. cichoraceartum, on Verbascum nigrum, 25 ix 1934; RBGdn. Edinb, conidia on Verbascum sp., 8 vii 1959; Craigleith, Edinb., on V. thapsus, 7 ix 2004; Dalkeith on V. nigrum, CS 1934) & Tay (St Andrews Univ., on V. thapsis, 21 x 1981. Recorded on Verbascum hort. varieties as E. polygoni in Foister (1961).
L. taurica (Lev.) Arnaud Forth (RBGdn, Edinb., on introduced Helianthemum as Oiidiopsis but no further data).
N. galeopsidis (DC) Braun Scottish host-plants range of Labiatae. Clyde (Chatelherault & Falls of Clyde, on Stachys sylvatica; Kippen conidia only, on S. sylvatica, 12 ix 1959), Forth (Ormiston, in shrubbery, on Lamium album, 4 x 2009; Hermiston, on L. album, 20 ix 1959; Dalmeny, on L. album, vi 1912; Blinkbonny Edinb., on L. purpureum, 1 x 1981; Eskbank, on S. sylvatica 15 x 1962; Kirknewton, on Stachys, 4 x 1949; Edinb., on Marrubium vulgare, no further data), Tay (St Andrews, on L. album, 20 vii 1966; St Andrews, on L. purpureum, 12 x 1965; Airley, on Nepeta glechoma, ix 1911; RBGdn., Edinb., on Sideritis sp., iii 1912; Ferry Rd, Edinb., on L. album, 29 vi 1979; Orchard Rd., 1 x 1981 & viii 1986; Blinkbonny Edinb., viii 1981 3 coll.; RBGdn., Edinb., L. maculatum, cv. ‘silver broom’ 11 xii 1984; Carrington Rd., Edinb., on L. maculatum, 2 x 2004; Dalkeith, on S. sylvatica, 27 ix 2007; Craigleith Edinb., on L. album, 25 ix 2007; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Origanum vulgare, 1 x 2007; RBG Edinb., on Rosmarianus officinale, 6 iii 1969; RBGdn., Edinb., as Oidium on Salvia aurea 1978) & Moray (Glen Coe, on S. intermedia, 24 ix 1960). Tay (Perthsire, on Catalpa bignontiodes, 16 i 1976 but compare with Fibroidium hiratae described for this host from GB). Known from Orkney; Harris on S. palustris; Skye & Kintyre on S. sylvatica, Mull on S. ambigua, Kintyre on Lamium. Also, on L. purpureum Ayr CS 1926. 2 old Cooke coll. as E. lamprocarpa but no further data.
N. galii (Blumer) Braun Scottish host-plants Galium aparine & G. verum. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., as Erysipje on Galium verum, 27 vi 2003; Blinkbonny Edinb., on G. aparine, 27 vi 2003, 14 viii 1984 & 20 ix 1976; Dalmahoy, on G. aparine, 2 x 1982, 2 coll.; Dalmeny conidia only on G.aparine, 6 x 1968) & Tay (St Andrews on G.aparine, 31 vii 1965; Craigtoun, Fife, 28 viii 1966). Known on Galium aparine for Barra, Mingulay, Tiree, Coll, Skye, Mull, Islay & Kintyre
P. alnicola Braun Scottish host-plant Alnus glutinosa. Forth (Livingston as Microsphaera alphitoides on Alnus, 18 ix 2006), Ross (Kishorn as Podosphaera alni on Alnus, 14 x 1957). ? as E. penicellata on Alnus leaves Tay; West Water, on Alnus, xi 1825; Cooke coll. as E. suffocata Dareuth on Alnus. Also see under P. guttata below.
P. betulae (DC.) Fuss.Scottish host-plants Betula pubescens & B. verrucose. Tay (Glen Lyon, on Betula verrucosa, 28 ix 1961 & 26 ix 1961; Dunkeld, Loch Craiglush, on B. pubescens, 8 ix 1953; Dunkeld, on B. pubescens, 27 ix 1975; Gifford, Perthshire on B. alba, 25 ix 1965 as Erysiphe corylea; Dunning as E. guttata, on B. alba = verrucosa, ix 1922), Dee (Dinnet, on B. pubescens, 6 ix 1975) & Solway (Langholm, on B. verrucosa, 30 ix 1951). Greville coll. as E. betulae but also as E. corylea - Forth. As Erysiphe Dareuth Cooke coll. on Betula but no further data.
P. fraxinea (DC) Fuss. Scottish host-plants Fraxinus excelsior & Syringa vulgaria Tay (Taymuit, on Fraxinus, ix 1926, 2 coll.) & Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Syringa vulgaris 15 viii 2002 & 21 viii 2004; Comley Bank, Edinb. on S. vulgaris, 17 x 2005).
P. guttata (Wallr. ex Fr) Lev. Scottish host-plant Corylus avellanea. Tay (Comrie, on Corylus avellanea, 2 x 1961; Fincastle on Corylus, 2 xi 1968). Noted for Skye. On Corylus as Phyllactinia corylea in Foister (1961) in addition to being recorded on Fagus sylvatica; but see below under P. orbicularis. Stevenson records this taxon in addition to Corylus on Alnus etc. for Forth, Tay, Moray & Clyde. Mildews on Corylus avellanea, Betula spp., Alnus glutinosa now represent distinct species.
P. orbicularis (Ehrenb.) Braun Scottish host-plant Fagus sylvatica Tay (Pitlochry, on Fagus sylvatica, 2 xi 1968) & Clyde (Ballindloch, on Fagus, x 1937. Also, on Fagus from Wilson 3 coll. no further data.
P. paliuri Braun Scottish host plant introduced Paliurus. Scotland? (Kireckon), on Paliurus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae) as P. guttata ix 1917. This is a Wilson collection with the locality on the packet and with-in on a scrap of paper. It might not even be of Scottish origin as Wilson retained specimens from his trips to Ebgland & abroad!
P. aphanis (Wallr.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants mainly in the Rosaceae, incl. wild and cultivated Alchemilla spp., Rubus spp., Geum spp. & unusually Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus); for Potentilla see separate variety below. Clyde (Falls of Clyde on Geum urbanum), Moray (Glen Feshie, on Alchemilla glabra, 14 vii 2009; Strathpeffer, on A. xanthochroa, 11 vii 1963), Tay (Glen Shee, as Sphaerotheca pannosa, on A. glabra, 7 viii 1955; Kindrogan, as S. macularis, on Geum nivale, 4 x 1989; Kindrogan on A. xanthochroa, 22 viii 1986; St Andrews, as Erysiphe aphanea on Eucalyptus robusta, E. citriodora, E. dealbata, E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. coccfera , E. viminalis, E. urgigera, E. johnstonii. & E. alba, 8 xii 1978; St Andrews as S. fragrariae, on Fragaria, 7 vii 1967; Ben Lawers as Sphaerotheca, on A. mollis, 5 vii 2003; Craigton, Fife, as Oidium on A. xanthochroa; Logierait, Perth, on A. xanthochroa, ix 1965; Kindrogan, as S. pannosa, on Geum nivale, 7 viii 1988; Glen Clova as S. humuli, on Rubus idaeus, 30 ii 1979; Perthshire, on R. fructicosus, 2 viii 1942; St Andrews, as Sphaerotheca fragrariae, on Fragaria, 7 vii 1967), Forth (Ravelstson, Edinb., on R. fructicosus agg., 10 vii 1983; RBGdn., Edinb., on G. coccineum, 11 xi 1975; Orchard Brae, on A. glabra agg., 1 viii 1969; Edinburgh, on R. idaeus, 1 x 2004; Hopetoun, A. mollis, 5 vii & 5 viii 1982; Blinkbonny Edinb., on Geum montana/cholense, 19 viii 1984; Kirknewton, on G. nivale, 4 x 1959), Argyll (Ben Lui on A. glabra, 9 vii 1995) & Solway (Auchincruive as S. humuli, on Fragaria, vii 1931, no loc.. Known from Raasay & Skye on Alchemilla, Mull on A. glabra, Orkney on A. mollis in garden A. vulgaris agg., in garden Stromness & in garden Finstoun & in Shetland on A. aff. conjuncta. Holotype under Sphaerotheca sp. as E. alchemilae Grev. coll. – Forth.
Var. hyalina (Braun) Braun & Takam. Clyde (Milngarvie, on Potentilla (Comorum) palustris, 9 ix 1959), Tay (Glen Clova on P. erecta. 19 vi 1967; Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, on P. palustris, 18 ix 1959) & Moray (Tomintoul, on P. erecta, 9 viii 1969). Also, Alcock coll. as S. humuli from Path Lab. but no further details. Known for Harris on P. erecta, 7 viii 1988 & Orkney as S. macularis - conidia only on P. erecta, 16 vi 1965, Barra, Coll, Raasay, Skye & Colonsay & also, Rhum on P. reptans. Type is Cooke 313 as E. communis potentillarum
P. aucupariae Erikss. Scottish host-plant Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan). Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., on Sorbus aucuparia 27 vii 1984), Argyll (Ben Ledi, on S. aucuparia, 14 v 1950) & Tay (Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, 18 ix 1959; Glen Fincastle, Perthshire, systemic infection of shoots, 6 vii 1968). Known from Moray & Dee as Erysiphe kunzei in Stevenson; recorded for Dee in Stevenson App. 8.
P. clandestina (Wallr.: Fr.) Lev Scottish host-plants Crateagus spp.; for Cydonia see separate variety below. Tay (Cairnsmill, St Andews on Crateagus monogyna, 23 vi 1966; St Andrews on C. monogyna, viii 1965; Craigston, Fife, 6 vii 1966) & Forth (Colinton, Edinb., as Podosphaera oxycanthae on C. oxycanthoides hedge, 24 viii 1973; Hermiston, Edinb., as P. oxycanthae, on C. monogyna, 1 x 1959; Path Lab. Edinb. as P. oxycanthae but no further data; Cockspath as P. oxycanthae on Crateagus shoots. 13 v 1938; coll. Edinburgh, no data & Edinburgh 1912.). Recorded on Crateagus for Coll, Mull, Kintyre & Orkney and as Uncinula clandestine. Greville coll. but no data. As P. aucupariae on C. oxycantha Moffat CS 1911, Forres CS 1912; on C. oxycanthoides West Kilbride CS 1921 & Dundee CS 1933; Ben More Argyll, 1932 CS; Rothesay CS 1913; Ayr CS 1926 & in CS 1910. Records by Stevenson on Crateagus for Tay & Moray. Noted on Crateagus monogyna in Foister (1961).
Var. cydoniae Ahman et al. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Cydonia obtusa as P. clandestina, 13 v 1959). Also, on Cydonia oblonga as P. leucotricha, although rare this mildew caused considerable damage in stocks brought from S. England fide Foister (1961).
P. erigerontis-canadensis (Lev.) Braun & Lui Scottish host-plants Taraxacum spp., Matricaria, Crepis & Lapsana & Senecio jacobea. Clyde (Chatelherault as Podosphaera fusca on Taraxacum also on Matricaria matricoroides), Tay (St Andrews Univ Dept., on M. matricariodes, vii 1984; Ben Vrackie as Sphaerothca, on Lapsana communis, 27 vi 2009), Forth (Pentlandfield as S. fuliginea, on Taraxacum officinale, 30 ix 1959; Crewe Toll, Edinb., on Taraxacum, 12 vi 1966; Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Taraxacum officinale, viii 81, 14 viii 1984 & 22 x 1986; Orchard Rd., as S. fuliginea, on T. officinale, 6 viii 1980; Orchard Rd., Edinb., as S. fusca on M. matricoides; Dunfermline, on T. officinale, 15 vii 1979), Argyll (Lochailort, as S. pannosa, on Crepis paludosa, 24 viii 1951) & Ross (Tongue as S. humuli, on C. paludosa, viii 1931; Beinn Eighe, as S. humuli var. fuliginea on Crepis paludosa, 10 ix 1977. Cooke material 591 as S. castagnei, var. F & G = S. humuli, no further data - 2 coll. Known from Skye, Colonsay & Kintyre on Taraxacum & on L. communis; Mull as S. fusca conidia on Matricaria matricariodes, 20 viii 1990.
P. epilobii (Wallr.) de Bary Scottish host-plants Epilobium spp. especially E. montana & E. roseum. Tweed (Yarrow as Sphaerotheca, on Epilobium montanum, 20 ix 2003), Tay (Tarmachan, Perthshire., on E. brunnescens, 15 viii 2007), Forth (Fauldhouse, W Lothian, on E. ciliatum, 13 viii 2009; Priormuir, Fife, on E. montanum, 28 vii 1966; Linlithgow, on E. hirsutum, 25 viii 2002; Blinkbonny on E. montanum, x 1984 & on E. roseum, viii 1981 & 1 viii 1984; Edinb. on E. montanum, 10 viii 1986; RBGdn., Edinb., as S. humuli on E. montanum; Orchard Rd., Edinb., on E. montanum, conidia only, 29 ix 1976), Argyll (Lochailait on E. palustre, 24 viii 1951) & Clyde (Ben More BGdn., on E. nerterioides, 15 ix 1959). Also known from Harris, Vatersay, N. Uist. Mingulay, Coll, Raasay, Rhum, Mull incl. Ulva, Lismore, Islay, on E. palustre; on E. montana Garvellochs.
P. euphorbiae (Castag.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants Euphorbia peplus & E. helioscopia. Forth (Orchard Brae, Edinb., as Oidium on Euphorbia helioscopia, 20 x 1985; Orchard Rd, Edinb., on E. peplus, 5 ix 1976 & 29 x 1961) & Tay (Glamis, as Sphaerotheca tomentosa, on Euphorbia sp., vii 1938).
P. filipendulae (Zhao) Lui & Braun Scottish host-plant Filipendula ulmaria. Forth (Ratho on Filipendula ulmaria, 20 ix 1959 as S. aphanes; Balerno, on F. ulmaria, 24 vii 1984), Solway (Logan BGdn., on Filipendula, 29 vi 1971), Clyde (Kirkfield Bank, Lanark, on Filipendula., 22 vii 1968) & Argyll (Ben Lui as Sphaerotheca, on F. ulmaria, 9 vii 1995). Also known from Islay & Orkney gardens, 2 coll.; Mull on Filipendula as Sphaerotheca.
P. fugax Penz. & Sacc.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants Geranium spp. especially G. sylvaticum. Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Geranium sylvaticum, 20 viii 1990 & 19 viii 2001; RBGdn, Edinb., as S. fugax on G. Sinense, 5 x 1981) & Tay (Ben Lawers, on G. sylvaticum, 29 vi 2008). Also known from Tiree
P. fuliginea (Schitdl.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants Veronica longifolia & V. spicata. Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., as Erysiphe fuliginea on Veronica longifolia as, 29 viii 1988; Blinkbonny on V. spicata, 30 vii 1984 & V. longifolia ix 1980 & viii 1987; also, Edinb. as E. fuliginea on ???? Geranium mut be Veronica!!!!!! conidia only, 5 ix 1964), Tay (Dundee as E. polygoni on Veronica chamaedrys) & Dee (Aberdeen, on V. longifolia but no further details).
P. leucotricha (Ellis & Everhart) Salmon Scottish host-plants Malus spp. especially common on cultivated apple; Photinia. Tay (St Andrews, on cultivated Malus domestica, 7 vi 1996; Bute Building, St Andrews on cultivated Malus sp., vii 1984; Blair Drummond, on Malus sylvestris, 19 v 1974; Alyth School garden, 2 vii 1941), Tweed (Peebles, v 1933) & Forth (Newington, Edinb. on Malus cv. lemoiei, 28 vii 1991; RBGdn., Edinb. 2 coll. 2 vii 1972; East Craigs on M. sylvestris 28 iv 1944; Edinburgh on M. domestica, vi 1928; RBGdn., Edinb., as Sphaerotheca pannosa Edinb., on Photinia davidiana, no further data). Known from Raasay & Islay on Malus. As Podosphaera leucotricha on Malus ssp. in Foister (1961). Old Cooke coll. as Oidium farinosum. Isotype?
P. macularis (Wallr.: Fr.) Braun Scottish host-plant Humulus lupulus, a plant rarely cultivated in Scotland. Solway (Dumfries-shire as Sphaerotheca humuli, on Humulus lupinus, ix 1924). Cooke coll. 590 as S. castagnei var. j, no further data, 2 coll plus one. As Sphaerotheca humuli in Foister (1961). In Stevenson recorded as Sphareotheca castagnei for Tay & Moray on leaves of hops & meadow sweet (= Filipendula) – surely P. filipendulae!
P. mors-uvae (Schw.) Braub & Takam. Scottish host-plants Ribes rubrum, R. nigrum, R. sanguineum & R. uva-crispa. Tay (Dura Den, Fife, on Ribes uva-crispa, 5 vii 1975; St Andrews, on R. uva-crispa, 8 viii 1965; Perth, on R. rubrum), Forth (Blinkbonny, on R. sanguineum, 19 viii 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., on R. sanguineum, 15 vii 1953; Linlithgow, on R. nigrum, vii 1982; Blinkbonny, on R. uva-crispa, viii 1981 - 2 coll., Ratho, on R. uva-crispa, 2 vi 1982; Edinburgh 1 viii 1980; Orchard Rd., Edinb., on R. nigrum, i7 viii 1973 & 30 ix 1973; Edinb. on R. nigrum, ix 1948 - 4 coll) & Moray (Elgin, on R. nigrum, x 1924 & 21 vii 1927), Argyll (Hilenlford, Argyll, on R. uva-crispa, 17 vi 1942), Dee (Craibstone, Aberdeen, 24 viii 1943), Ross (Moidart, Wester Ross), Solway (Dumfries xi 1927) & Tweed (St Boswells on R. uva-crispa, wild in hedge, 13 vii 1941). Wilson coll., no further data on R. uva-crispa, vii 1915. Path Lab. No data, xi 1914 and throughout Scotland on R. uva-crispa from 1900 according to Foister (1958).
P. myrtillina (C. Schub. ex Fr.) Kunze Scottish host-plant Vaccinium myrtilus. Dee (Inver, on Vaccinium myrtilus 27 ix 1975 2 coll, ; Glen Tanar, on V. myrtilus 5 ix 1975), Tay (Murthley as Podosphaera oxycanthae, on V. myrtilus, x 1922; Ballanluig as P. oxycanthae, on V. myrtilus, viii 1975; Black Wd of Rannoch, on V. myrtilus, 231 m., 19 ix 1978) & Forth (Currie Glen, Borthwick As P. kunzei var. myrtillina on Vaccinum in Stevenson in Add Moray undoubtedly a record based on a Keith coll. in E.). Also, Drumnadrocht CS 1908 first British record; Moffat CS 1911; Forres CS 1912. Also, Lochaber Argyll & Wester Ross fide Dennis,
P. pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary Scottish host-plants Rosa spp. both cultivated and wild; common on susceptible cultivars of latter: also, on Peach and Nectarine. Tay (St Andrews as Sphaerotheca on Rosa canina, 10 vii 1966; Kinneal Brae St Andrews, on Rosa canina, 31 vii 1967), Forth (Orchard Rd., Edinb., on Rosa, 7 vii 1974 & Rosa ‘Old Rambler cultivar’, 29 vii 1967 both as Oidium farinosum; Blinkbonny, Edinb., on cultiv. Tea Rose, 27 iv 1981 & 30 v 1981; RBGdn., on Rosa omiensis, 31 viii 1981; RBG Edinb., on cultivated roses, vi 1936; (Arbroath, on cultiv. Rose, 10 ix 1941) & Moray (Elgin on Rosa, 21 vii 1977). As S. pannosa var. persicae and var. nectarinae in Foister (1961). Old collections Cooke Herb. 589 no further data; ‘about Edinb. In the autumn on Rosa’ Grev. material as Eurotium rosearum – Forth. Also known from Rassay & Kintyre on cultivated Rosa; West Kilbride CS 1921; Aberdeen CS 1930 on Rosa canina; Troon CS 1928; Aviemore CS 1927. In Stevenson recorded for Tay, Dee & Moray.
P. phtheirospermi (Henn. & Shiraai) Braun Scottish host-plants Euphrasia & Pedicularis. Ross (Loch Carron, on Pedicularis sylvatica, as Sphaerotheca fuliginea 12 x 1959) and as Erysiphe melampyri on Euphrasia for Islay.
P. plantaginis (Castagn.) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plants Platango lanceolata & P. major. Forth (Almondell as Sphaerotheca plantaginis on Plantago lanceolata, 3 x 2010; Water of Leith as Sphaerotheca on Plantago lanceolata, 2 x 1977). Also, on P. major, Orchard Rd., Edinb. no material. Known as Sphaerotheca from Vaterasay, Mull, Orkney & Colonsay on P. lanceolata. Probaly from Granton, Edinb, as Sphaerotheca fuliginea, on Plantago, 29 viii 1968. In Stevenson as Erysiphe lamprocarpa on Plantago maritima Tay, Dee & Moray.
P. spiraeae (Sawada) Braun Scottish host-plants Spiraea billardii & S. japonica. Forth (Blinkbonny Edinb. as Podosphaera clandestina on Spiraea billardii) & Clyde (Dunoon, Younger Bot. Gdn., on S. japonica, as conidia, 1980-83).
P. tridactyla (Wallr.) de Bary Scottish host-plants Prunus ssp. both wild and cultivated especially P. padus. Forth (Alva, Clackmannan on Prunus laurocerasus, 9 viii 1991; Blackhall, Edinb. on Prunus sp. ‘Flowering cherry’, 20 ix 1991) & Tay (Glen Tilt, on P. padus, 22 viii 1993; Dunkeld, on P. padus, 13 ix 1960). Old coll. from Darnaway, on Prunus padus Greville coll.? - Forth). On P. spinosa, P. cerasus, P. domesticus & P. padus in Foister (1961) as Podosphaera leucotricha var. tridactyla. As Podosphaera Forres CS 1912 & Aviemore as P. leucotricha, on Prunus cerasus, CS 1927. As Erysiphe kunzei on leaves of Prunus padus (and Sorbus!!! - surely P. aucupariae q.v.) in Stevenson for Moray with Dee added in App.8.
P. volkartii (Blumer) Braun & Takam. Scottish host-plant Dryas octopetala. Argyll (Ben Lui as Sphaerotheca on Dryas octopetala, 26 viii 1994 & 5 vii 1979). Also known from Skye on Dryas.
P. xanthi (Castagne) Braun & Shiosh. Scottish host-plants cultivated Calendula & surprisingly Cosmos purpureus. Forth (Blinkbonny on cultivated Calendula, 19 viii 1984 & 1 x 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., on C. officinalis, 15 ix 1981; Cargill, Goldenacre Edinb., as Sphaerotheca fuliginea in garden, on cultivated C. officinalis, 20 vi 1968; RBGdn., Edinb., as Oidium on Cosmos purpureus xi 1982).
P. hortensiae (Jorst.) Braun & Cook Scottish host-plants cultivated house Hydrangea. Clyde (Glasgow as Erysiphe polonica on Hydrangea, viii 1934 - 2 coll., & xi 1933), Solway (Ayr, as O. hortensiae, on Hydrangea, vi 1935, 2 coll.) & Tay (Dundee, as O. hortensiae, vi 1933). As Microsphaera polonica = Oidium hortensiae on Hydrangea macrophylla in Foister (1961
P. kalanchoe (Luster ex Braun) Braun & Cook Scottish host-plants Crassulaceae in cultivation. Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Kalanchoe blockfordiae, 14 ii 1985; RBGdn., Edinb., on K. brachyloba, 6 iii 1969, Rosularia sp., 6 iii 1969; prob. also on Andromischus cooperi, RBGdn. Edinb., no material; RBGdn. Edinb., as Oidium on Villandia granda (Crassulaceae), 25 iv 1969 & 9 x 1973. Records on file in RBG Edinb. but not backed by specimens Crassula rattroyi, C. orbiculata, C. farinacea, Kalanchoe sp & K. longleyensis (spelt wrong on label), Dudleya farinosa & Rosularia globulifera. on Rosularia (Crassulaceae) all as O. hortense = Pseudoidium; on Adromischus cooperi (Crassulaceae), no material.
P. oxidalis (McAlpine) Braun & Cook Scottish host-plants exotic & naturalised Oxalis spp. In Foister (1961) as Oidium oxalidis on Oxalis corniculata. Also found on exotic tuberous cultivated Oxalis at Blinkbonny Edinb., but no material.
sp. As Oidium sp. Forth (RBGdn Edinb., on Utricularia longifolia, 31 iii 1955).
sp. See Appendix for collections on Rhododendron and other vacciniod taxa.
S. bicornis (Wallr.) Homma Scottish host-plants Acer pseuodoplatanus and less commonly A. campestre Tweed (Ancrum, on Acer pseudoplatanus, 8 x 2005), Forth ( RBGdn., Edinb., 1 year-old A. pseudo., 12 ix 1974; Henderson 7715 but no data on A. pseudo.; Path Lab., xii 1918 but no further data – both presumably Edinburgh), Moray (Black Isle, on A. pseudo., 8 1940; Drumnadrocht, on A. pseudo., x 1941), Tay (St Andrews, as Erysiphe aceris, on A. pseudo., 30 x 1965 & 25 x 1965; Park hill, Fife 26 ix 1979; Hermitage, Dunkeld, 27 ix 1975; Dura Den, Fife, on A. pseudo., 19 x 1980) & Clyde(Chatelherault as Uncinula on A. pseudo.). As Uncinula on A. pseudo. in Stevenson and recorded for Forth, Tay & Moray; Dee added in App.8. Old collections from Dareuth, Cooke as 282 2nd edition 2nd coll. in packet 1874, 2 additional coll.; Foxhall, Edinb., ix 1822 as Erysiphe aceris & Grev., on A. campestris; Erysiphe aceris on A. pseudoplatanus no further data & on A. campestris no further data - Forth. As Uncinula known from Mull, Skye, Colonsay on A. pseudo. As Uncinula CS 1910, Crieff CS 1909, Drumnadtrocht as Uncinula aceris & Moffat CS 1911, Forres CS 1912 & West Kilbride CS 1921; Dundee CS 1933; Ben More CS 1932; Aberdeen CS 1931, Aviemore CS 1927; Rothesay CS 1913; Dunkeld CS 1925; Ayr CS 1926; Peebles CS 1946; Dalkieth CS 1934.
S. tulasnei (Fuckel) Hommo Scottish host-plant exotic cultivars of Acer pseudoplatanoides. Forth (Blackhall, on Acer platanoides var atropurpurea. 1 viii 2005; Blinkbonny, as Uncinula aceris on A. japonica cultivar, 2 ix 2006; Ravelston, as Sawadea bicornis on A. platanoides var. atropurpurea, 28 viii 2006.)
A collection on Athyrium from Ben Ledi, xi 1955 collected by D.M. Henderson and filed under Phyllactinia is under-review. The host has been redetermined by C.N. Page as a possible young Pteridium.
Mildews are known on a range of Rhododendron taxa but not all are thought to occur in the British Isles, although with the trade in horticultural materials ever expanding it could easily be a misleading suggestion. Erysiphe vaccinii (Sect. Microsphaera) occurs in N. America but not in the U.K.; similarly E. izuensis (Sect. Microsphaera) occurs on Japanese and Eastern Russian taxa, E. rhododendri (Sect. Erysiphe) which lacks a teleomorph has a single Sikkim host & E. digitata (Sect. Microsphaera) is only known from Belgium on Rh. mekongense. E. azaleae (Sect. Microsphaera) however occurs on a wide range of rhododendrons throughout Europe and North America. There is also Phyllactinia enkianthi which has a wide host-range including Rhododendron spp. and has been found on rhododendron in Germany.
There have been many expeditions to the Indian subcontinent over the years by Edinburgh botanists and in the more recent past to New Guinea, Malaysia and Malawi. All the vaccinioid introductions could be sources of mildew on the Ericaceae in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden both outside and under glass. Specimen plants from these collections have been distributed over the years to RBGdn out-stations and to other gardens both at home and abroad. The mildews on the Edinburgh collections have been the subject of a study to control their unsightly and some-times debilitating affects with some documentation as to microscopic characters. The mildews in Edinburgh have been assigned to two species by Boesewinkel neither of which is tenable following the studies of Braun & Cook. Commentary: In 1968 plants of Agauria were brought from Malawi and added to the Edinburgh living collections. One year later plants of Rhododendron zoelleri were brought from New Guinea by P.W.D. Woods, in addition to Vaccinium ambylandrum. Dr Sleumer previously had collected seed of R. laetum in N.G which was subsequently germinated in RBG Edinburgh. R. christii followed from New Guinea in 1973. Boeserwinkel believes that the mildews have spread from local plants and had not been introduced, although at this time he had a very wide species concept. It looks as if it is possible for the mildews being transported to Edinburgh from New Guinea.
Mildews on Vaccinium spp. are distributed in 4 alignments Erysiphe azaleae q.v., Podosphaera myrtillina on native British Vaccinium species, E. wallrothii for Asian taxa and E. vaccinii for N. American taxa. G. orontii is recorded as occurring on Calluna and Erica but not on rhododendroid or vaccinioid taxa. Some of these taxa may apply to some Edinburgh collections. A dedicated research programme to define the Edinburgh’s ericaeous mildews and their origins is paramount; in discussion the first stages to address this have been taken.
Chasmothecia absent: Anamorphic rhododendroid mildews now identified as Erysiphe azaleae but in E housed under Erysiphe cruciferarum - 73 species; collections with large conidia and lacking of fibrosin bodies. These would be assigned to the anamorphic genus Pseudoidium: R. aurgerianum, R. brookeanum, R. burtii, R. champrare, R. christianae – viii 1981, R. dielisianum, R. dielisianum var., R. griersonianum x thompsonii, R. lanceolatum, R.intervenatum, R. macgregoriae, R. macgregoriana, R. nervulosum, R. orbiculatum, R. pneumaticum, R. relivenum 27 viii 1981, R. thompsonii – 7 xi 1985, R. sessifolium, R. stenophyllum 5 coll., R. suaveolens 3 coll., R. veitchianum, R. verticellatum, R. zoeller i– 7-9 x 1972. Others, originally assigned to E. cruciferarum, on Agauria salicifolia; Erica oatsii; Rhododendron lochae; Rhododendron sp.cf. cinnabarinum 24 x 1984; Vaccinium amblyomendrum These collections assigned to E. cruciferarum (restricted hosts Brassicaceae) would equate with E. azaleae in Sect. Microsphaera.
Chasmothecia absent: Collections in E previously identified as Sphaerotheca pannosa and would be referred to Podosphaera Sect. Sphaerotheca - 18 species plus hybrids, with ovoid chains of small conidia enclosing fibrin bodies and some hypertrophication of host tissue. These collections would be assigned to the anamorphic genus Fibroidium, asexual stage of Podosphaera in which Sphaerotheca is now subsumed: Rhododendron aurigenum x laetum; R. christianae; R. christii; R. crutwelii; Rhododendron x herzogii; R. intervenatum; R. javanicum; R. laetum; R. leptanthum; R. lochae; R. luteosquamosum; R. macgregoriae; R. orbiculatum; R. searlianum; R. ? sodiroi; R. sphaerospermum; R. zolleri; Vaccinum sp. viii 1981 & 27 viii 1981. Appears to be associated particularly with Rhododendron Sect Vireya, although some species listed are host to both mildews.
Extralimital rhododendroid and vaccinioid collections not referable at present to E. azaleae: R.inconspicuum 1969; R. keysia 1965; R. leptanthum 69; R. macgregoriae; R. magregoreriana 1969; R. relivinium; R. sessifolium 1981; Agaura salicifolia; Glen Doick, R. cyanocarpa 3 xi 1988; RBGdn., Ben More, on Rhododendron cv. K. Forster, ix 1988; RBGdn., Edinb. Ben More on Rhododendron cv. Gertrude Schole & x ‘Prometheus, ix 1988’; RBGdn., Ben More, on Rhododendron cv. Angelo, 7 viii 1988; R. cinnabarinum; RBGdn., Ben More, Rhododendron cv. Lavender Girl, 7 viii 1988; Rhododendron cv. Lady Linlithgow (R. succense x thomsonii), ix 1990; R. smithii; Rhododendron cv. Elizabeth Hobbie; R. meternianum x dichranthum; R. trifolium; R. cinnabarinum x anthocondon, 2 coll.;
Other collections: R. venator; RBG Edinb. R. succothii; R. keysia; R. auriculatum & Vaccinium spp.; Ceralostrema grievei 1984; Diagensia amplectens viii 1981; Diagensia sp. 1984; Diplycosia heterophylla 1981; 1969; Rhododendron cv. Lady Roseberry, x 1985 & Lady Chamberlain 1984 2 coll.; also, Agauria salicifolia 1969. Collections simply as Oidium in E: Diplocosia sp, 3 coll.; D. soror var. nuda; Cavendishia cordifera; Macleania glabra - 27 viii 1981 & Vaccinium amblylandrum - 7 vii 1969.
Refs
Boesewinkel, (1979). Plant Path. 30 119-120.
Braun, U. & Cook, Roger (2010). Taxonomic manual of the Erysiphaceae (Powdery mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series 11
. Watling, R. (1985) 1986, Sydowia (Ann. Myc.) 38: 339-357.
Note Index of Fungi register that Oidium fasciculatum Berk. recorded by Stevenson on rotten oranges for Forth & Tay is erysiphaceous as is O. concentricum B. & Br. noted by Stevenson on leaves of Ranunculus ficaria etc. for Forth & Tay. Whereas the latter may be correct obviously this is not the case for O. fasciculatum, from habitat alone.