Psilocybe (Deconica) chionophila
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyPsilocybe (Deconica) chionophila
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyProf. Roy Watling
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. carpophila On beech cupules amongst leaf-litter. Known from Tweed (Dawyck 14 ix 2001 & 12 x 2003), Clyde (Blantyre & Cleghorn Glen) and Moray (Guisachan, 1 ix 1957 & Plodda 31 viii 1957 both Glen Affric; Insh Marshes, rooting leaf of Betula, 23 viii 2005). Recorded for Altyre, Forres - Moray by Rev. J. Keith in Stevenson as Agaricus (Naucoria).
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. ferruginea on soil margins of woods and copses, often under deep shade. Known from Tay (Black Wd. Rannoch, 28 ix 1965 & 11 ix 1974; Loch Rannoch, 30 viii 1954; Den of Airlie 3 ix 1982; Kindrogan 25 viii 1968 & 25 viii 1995), Forth (Saltoun Wd., Pencaitland, 13 ix 1980) and Moray (Rothiemurchus 28 v 1960; Loch an Eilean, 27 ix 1955). Recorded from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. granulosa On soil generally under Acer pseudoplatanus. Known from Forth (Waters of Leith, 2 vi 2002 and Dalkeith, 17 viii 1986) and Clyde (Blantyre). In addition records from Shetland, several sites on Mainland Orkney and Rousay. A collection from Plodda, Glen Affric, 31 viii 1957 - Moray, and labelled F. siparia in E, probably belongs here. Recorded in Stevenson for Glamis Den - Tay as Ag (Naucoria) siparius probably belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. pusillima Single record on soil Tweed (Dawyck 4 x 1999).
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. rhombispora On soil. Known from Moray (Buckie Loch Culbin, 17 viii 1964; Abernethy, 27 ix 1985). Reduced by some authors to a variety of F. carpophila.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. speireoides In hollowed out Fagus stump Tweed (Dawyck, 13 x 1998).
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. subincarnata Known from Mull and from Tweed (Dawyck amongst Fagus litter, 5 xi 2004) and Moray (Guisachan, Geln Affric, 31 viii 1957). Sometimes reduced to a variety of F. carpophila by some authors. Also record from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. limulata On very rotten conifer wood and sawdust, especially of Pinus sylvestris. Known from Tay (Loch Rannoch, 22 viii 1967 & 17 viii 1974; Blackcraig near Bridge of Cally, 29 viii 1980; Black Wd. of Rannoch, 8 vi 1968 - 23 ix 1976; Dall, 6 vi 1968; Kindrogan, ix 2008) and Argylle (Achnashean, 1 x 1955). This is considered to represent var. litus Vellinga.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. limulatoides Recently recognized species found on woody debris, more frequently frondose substrates. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, on Quercus log, 19 ix 1997) and Moray (Guisachan, 23 viii 1963 & 13 ix 1963; Glen Affric 14 ix 1969 with type in E from Plodda 2 ix 1957). See Orton Notes RBGE, 1984. The Dawyck collection probably represents what Vellinga et al consider to be true F. limulata.
TFTaDMSSoCAR F. muricata Single record on peaty soil, Moray (Glen Einich - collection in K as Phaeomarasmius wieslandri. Description in Reid & Austwick (1964).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. erinaceus Fairly widespread although not common on Salix and Alnus branches and twigs. Known from Argylle (Arisaig, v 1966), Sutherland (on Fagus twig, Tongue as P. aridus Dennis, 1955), Tay (Kindrogan, 20 v 2000; Balnaguard, 19 viii 1978; Glen Dochart), Forth (Pencaitland, 1 x 1958), Moray (Kinara, 22 vii 20054; Culbin 17 viii 1964; Tomich, 31 viii 1971; Abernethy, 11-13 ix 1988), Ross ( Talladale ravine, 2 viii 1986) and Solway (Wood of Cree, Newton Stuart, 28 v 1986). Also found on Hoy, Orkney and Mull. Recorded for Tay and Moray in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. rimulicinicola Recorded Ag. (Naucoria) with description in Stevenson on cut Ulmus from Tay (Rannoch, Buchanan White). Sometimes taken to be the same as Melanotus horizontalis q.v. but the description does not agree with that species, although the habitat is typical.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. confragosa Reinstated in British list by Orton NRBG 1984. Fairly widespread on mossy logs usually of Betula. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, on wood chips, 30 viii 2000, 28 ix 2003 & 21 ix 2008), Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 17 x 1976- 15 x 1977) and Moray (Culbin, 8 ix 1975). Several populations on Fraxinus and Ulmus Binsacrth, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. conspersa (Felted Twiglet) Common on small pieces of woody debris, litter etc. on tracksides in woodlands. Known from Sutherland (on Fagus litter Tongue Dennis, 1955), Tweed (Dawyck, 2 x 2002 - 5 xi 2004), Tay (Dalreiach Kindrogan, 15 viii 1974; Glenesk, Kincardineshire, 5 ix 1955; Kindrogan 7 vi 1969; Black Wd. of Rannoch, 26 viii 1959; Tentsmuir, 1 x 1971 & 12 viii 1973; Schiehallion, under Betula, 2 vii 2000), Moray (Insh Marshes, 23 vii 2005; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005; Plodda Glen Affric, 9 x 1955, 19 ix 1956 & 15 x 1965; Abernethy, 3 vi 1972;Tomich, 29 viii 1957), Clyde (Ben More, 21 ix 1991; Falls of Clyde, Loch Nethan & Chatelherault), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Forth (Doune Ponds, Stirling, 4 ix 1982 & 21 ix 1991; Bavelaw on old sack, 15 x 1961) and Dee (Braemar, 18 viii 1964). Also recorded from Mull, Arran, Lewis, Skye and Rhum. In Stevenson as Ag. (Naucoria) conspersus and recorded from Tay and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. dispersa On mummified Crateagus berries, or amongst fallen leaves hawthorn and berrries. Recorded with a question from Scotland in the Basidio. Check List based on collection and description in Stevenson as Ag. (Naucoria) sobrius var. dispersus from Glamis - Tay. No substantiating material. As T. autochthona from Forth without voucher material. Single collection in E is a form of T. furfuracea. 18 viii 1958. Unkown record Galerina minuta with description in Add. 9 from Tay (Glamis) might belong here. There is little doubt that Cooke had the same concept but his pl. 524 (466) depicting a species with a white stipe is unidentifiable.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. furfuracea (Scurfy Twiglet) A very common agaric throughout Scotland often occurring late in the year or soon after the NewYear even when frosty; occurs on small twigs and amongst leafy litter in woods, shrubberies, parks and gardens. It has been split into several so-called distinct taxa but much more field-work is required; see below under possible unique entities as nom. prov.. Known from Forth (Menstrie Glen, 11 x 1987, Edinburgh, xii 1952 & 6 xi 1964 incl. RBGdn., Edinb., 30 I 1962 & 8 xi 1967; The Bush Penicuik, 14 i 1976 & Penicuik, 17 xi 1953; Dalkeith, 17 viii 1986; Cammo Pk., Edinburgh, 27 x 1978), Ross (Applecross dennis, 1948), Tweed (Dawyck, 7 x 1992 & 3 xii 1997), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Sutherland (Inchnadamph & Glen Canisp Balfour-Browne 1951), Clyde (Carron Valley Res. 28 xi 1971; Falls of Clyde, Blantyre, Chatelherault etc.), Solway (Dalmington, 20 viii 1927), Dee (Portsay, Banff. in short turf, 2 xi 1998), Moray (Aviemore, ix 1938, Wm.Young; Plodda Glen Affric, 31 viii 1957). A1so known from Orkney and Arran. Collections identified as T. hiemalis, (Winter Twiglet) a supposed synonym, have been identified from material in Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. Ecological Garden, 16 I 1996; Blinkbonny Edinburgh, 4 ii 1996), Clyde (Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde and Fiddler’s Glen) and Tay (Tentsmuir, 1 i 1992). Also recorded from Skye, Rhum, Eigg and Colonsay. Based on a wide concept recorded in Stevenson from all Watersheds but Solway, Sutherland; Moray added in Add. 1.. Possibly as Naucoria sobrius Arran (Paterson,, 1876). Based on a collection from Cammo Pk. - Forth this species is known to be host to Verticillium fungicola
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. pallidospora Known from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. Azalea lawn; Balerno, 29 I 1959), Tweed (Mellerstain, 28 ix 1999), Solway (Kenmuir Castle, Galloway 27 v 1986) and Tay (Den of Airlie, 2 ix 1982).
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. praestans Collections noted as T. pellucida are known from Clyde (Corehouse, 12 x 1974).
TFTaDM?SSoCA?R? T. romagnesiana On bare soil Tweed (Mellerstain 28 ix 1999), Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., Nursery, on wood chips and disturbed soil, 5 ii 2008; Gosford, East Lothian, 4 iii 2010; Portmoak, wood-pile, 4 iv 2010) and Clyde (Corehouse, 12 x 1974; Chatelherault, Cleghorn Glen & Falls of Clyde). Collected at same time as T. praestans so comparisons could be made! A collection from Ross (Applecross, Dennis 1948) and Argylle (Ben Lui, 18 viii 1954) have been referred to T. pellucida grp.! A collection from Moray (Aviemore) made by E.J.H.Corner and det. by C. Rea was identified as T. pellucida; this may also belong here.
T. ovalispora Dall Farm Wd., Rannoch, 17 x 1976 - Tay.
T. rubrobrunnea Black Wd. of Rannoch, 22 x 1966 - Tay & Tomich, Glen Affric, 14 ix 1969 - Moray.
T. subrubida Guisachen, Glen Affric, 4 ix 1982 & Loch an Mhor, Aviemore, 13 ix 1984 - both Moray
Ag. (Tubaria) cupularis ? 1000ft Creag Maoiseach Strathtay 1877 with description on heathy ground is a mystery
Ag. (Naucoria) sobrius noted in Stevenson from Glamis is probably a Tubaria.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. brunneola Forth with no further data; record needs confriming.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. erebia (Dark Fieldcap) On bare soil at edge of woods along tracks and in shrubberies. Recorded from Forth (Roslin, 6 viii 1966; South Queensferry, 7 x 1968; by Viburnum opulus, 11 x 1967 & under Prunus, 6 x 1961, both RBGdn.,Edinb.), Tay (Kindrogan, 17 viii - 30 viii 1980), Tweed (Dawyck, 6 x 1994), Dee (Pittmedden, 27 viii 1962; Dinnet, 6 ix 1975) and Clyde ( Rosshdu, 2 ix 1963; Chatelherault). Also Rhum and Mull and in garden Tresta, Shetland, Binscarth and Kirkwall both Orkney. In Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Tay and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. ombrophila Single record from Forth (Hopetoun Hse., 2 ix 1979).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. heteroclita On old logs. A rare Scottish agaric known from Clyde in Stevenson Add. 9 and Tay (Killiecrankie on Betula, 19 ix 1977).
THTaDMSSoCAR H. populnea Single population known only from Moray (Tomich 6 ix 1965 & 14 ix 1969)
Pholiota
Collection of Penicillium paxilli on Pholiota sp. Tweed (Dawyck, 20 xi 2003).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. jahnii Single records from Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000 as P. muelleri) and Moray (Cannich, on Betula 13 x 1997). This is the P. muelleri of earlier lists and has been confused with P. adiposa.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. squarrosa (Shaggy Scalycap) Recorded from the decayed stumps of a range of hosts especially Prunus, Sorbus and Betula; common and widespread and often fruiting at the base of living trees. Known from Forth (Flick Wd., Fife, x 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., on Salix, viii 1845 and 20 x 1871; RBGdn., Edinb., on Nothofagus procera, xii 1989 & on Juglans, 5 x 1960; RBGdn., Edinb., on Juglans alantifolius var. cordifolius, 10 ix 2009; Corstorphine, on Fagus, 1 x 1986; Ravelston, on Fagus?, 16 ix 1970; Braid Hills, Edinb., x 1938, E Evans; South Queensferry on Fraxinus, 15 x 1972; Cammo Pk., Edib., on Ulmus C, 27 x 1970; Gifford, on Pinus, 26 ix 1960; Tillicoutry, 5 xi 1990; Wemyss, Fife, on Salix, 20 ix 1999; Penicuik, 18 x 1969; Menstrie, on Fraxinus, 11 x 1987; Dollar, 12 x 1987; Fettes, Edinb., on Sorbus aucuparia, 2 x 1967), Tweed (Dawyck persisting from 1996 onwards on Pinus sylvestris & Betula verrucosa) and Clyde (Ben More, Dunoon, on Fagus ?, 30 ix 1971; Kintyre; Linn Park, Ruthven, on Fraxinus, 4 x 1987; Falls of Clyde, L. Nethan etc.), Moray (Curr Wd., Uath Lochan & Loch an Eilean, 23-26 viii 2005), Argylle ( Ardshealach on Malus, Dennis 1951), Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 7 vi 1967; St Andrews Bot. Gdn., 26 x 1953). Noted also from Arran, Barra, Harris, Skye, Rhum, Mull & Colonsay (on Alnus ?); on old Malus, Manse garden, Voxter, Shetland; also on frondose trees Binscarth, Stromness and Elvie - all Orkney. In Stevenson noted for all but Solway, Sutherland and Ross; the first added in Add. 8. Two Klotszch collections in E labelled ‘Loch Blantyre on roots of tree October 1830’.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. subsquarrosa Reid & Austwick (1964) entry probably based on collection from Aviemore 1938, although recent collection agreeing with this probably distinct species submitted from For. Comm., Northern Res. Station, Penicuik and now in E. Stevenson in App. 4 noted it, with description, from Tay (Glamis, 1881).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. limonella A collection agreeing with P. squarroso-adiposa, which is considered a synonym, was found at the base of a frondose stump, Binscarth, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. adiposa Records need to be reassessed a result of confusion with P. aurivella; see Reid & Austwick, 1963. Generally on Fagus. Known from Forth (Corstorphine, 15 x 1965), Tweed (Woolplaw, nr. Lauder, 8 x 2005) and Tay (Balnaguard, on Betula, 7 ix 1981). A collection labelled Ag. scabrosus from Mortonhall, Edinb.- Forth, viii 1844 E Evans belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. aurivella (Golden Scalycap) On dead or decayed wood of Fagus sometimes high up on trunk. Records from Forth (Auchendenny, 4 x 2003; Clermiston, Edinb., 15 vi 1995; Alva Wd., Stirling, 8 x 1989) and Tweed (Dawyck 2 xi 2000 & 20 xi 2003 - tree now removed). In Stevenson’s Add. 4 from Tay (Logie, Forfarshire, 1881). This includes P. lilacifolia P. D. Orton from New Forest, England, type in E - Kew Bull 31, 1976.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. flammans (Flaming Scalycap) On stumps and logs of Larix, Picea and Pinus. Recorded from Tay (Davan, Kindrogan, 16 viii 1974; Dall, Rannoch, 14 ix 1974 & 14 x 1979; Tentsmuir, 25 vii 1965; Straloch, 2 ix 1982), Moray (Tomich, 6 ix 1965; Abernethy, 30 viii 1969; Plodda, Glen Affric, 31 viii 1957), Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948), Argylle (Knapdale, 12 viii 1975), Solway (Forest of Ae. Dumfries, 12 x 1985), Forth (Glen Corse 19 viii 1981), Tweed (Bowhill) and Clyde (Chatelherault). Also records from Skye, Rhum and Colonsay. A rather northen fungus. All but Sutherland, Solway, Argylle & Tweed in Stevenson; the second Watershed noted in Add. 8.. Two Klotzsch collections in E dated October 1830.
TFTaDMSSoCAR ?P. subochracea possibly Ag. inopus in Stevenson from Tay ( Glamis - Warren Wd.), and in Add. 1 from Moray & Clyde.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. astragalina On conifer stumps. Known from Tay (Glenesk, Kincardineshire, 5 ix 1955; Dunkeld, 11 ix 1927 det. C.Rea), Moray (Aviemore, ix 1938,Wm.Young) and Forth (Saltoun, 31 x 1938; Gifford, 30 ix 1957; Bolton Muir Wd., East Lothian, 18 ix 1952) and noted in Stevenson for Moray (Rothiemurchus, Rev. J. Keith with description), in Add. 4 for Tay (Glamis, 1881) and again in Add. 8 from Tay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. connissans Usually on roots of Salix cinerea. Single collection in E as P. graminis from Tweed (Dawyck, 4 x 1999). In Stevenson records for Forth & Tay with description. A collection from Forth (Inverleith Pk., Edinb. 21 x 1968) labelled P. abstrusa s. New Check List belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. gummosa on soil amongst buried wood and woody trash. Known from Forth (Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973; Riccarton, 12 x 1973; Queensferry Rd., Edinb., 1 x 1992; Eildon Terrace Gdn., Edinb., 14 x 1991; RBG Edinb. on Syringa vulgaris graft, 18 vii 1982; Doune Ponds, Stirling) and Tay (Tentsmiur, 18 x 2003). As P. ochrochlora from Arran.
TFTaDMSSoCARE P. alnicola Alder Scalycap) On stumps of Alnus and Betula and more rarely on conifer wood. Known from Forth (Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973; Swanston on old Quercus?, 12 x 1961; Balerno, on Betula, 4 x 1970; Selmuir, 17 x 1965), Clyde (Milngarvie, on Salix, 23 x 1976 see var. salicicola below); Chatelherault & Cleghorn Glen), Moray (Abernethy, 2 ix 1985), Tay (Standing Stones, Kirkmichael, 21 ix 1979; Rannoch, 26 ix 1974; Struan, 6 ix 1986; Camghouran, 3 x 1965; Kindrogan, 2 ix 1981; Glen Tilt, 8 ix 1989) and Tweed (Dawyck, 14 ix 1994). Also known from Skye, on deciduous stump, Binscarth Orkney and Mull; In Stevenson recorded for Tay (Glamis with decsription) and var. salicicola Moray (Loch an Eilean with short notes from Rev. Keith).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. apicrea Known from Forth (Balerno, 18 x 1964) and as cf. aromatica for Tay (Camghouran, 7 x 1962; Inverpeffrey Wd., Madderty, Perth, 17 ix 1961). In Stevenson noted from Tay (Glamis - Warren Wd.; in pinewood).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. aromatica Recently recognized species (Orton, TBMS, 1960), synonimized by some authors with P. alnicola. Also records from Tay (Loch of the Lowes, Blairgowrie, 17 ix 1960) and Moray (Aviemore, 17 ix 1927;on Quercus from Tomich, 5 ix 1957 holotype in E), the Aviemore collection as P. flavida.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. pinicola On conifer wood. Recorded from both Tay (Dall & Black Wd., Rannoch 12 x 1965 & 10 ix 1980 and 23 x 1963 & 21 x 1978 respectively) and Moray (Abernethy, 22 ix 1985); also recorded as P. flavida from Dee (Inverey, ix 2008); Tay (Rannoch, 13 x 1965; Black Wd. of Rannoch, 20 x 1963 & Dall, Rannoch, 11 x 1967). P. flavida in Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Tay, Dee, Ross and Clyde, and in Add. 1 Moray is added.
T?FTaDMSSoCAR P. lucifera A unsubstantiated record from Forth.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. lubrica On stumps of Pinus & Quercus. Known from Tay (Inverpeffrey Wd., Perth, 17 ix 1961; Straloch, 2 ix 1982; Hermitage, Inver, 5 ix 1981) Tweed (Dawyck, 14 ix 1994, 30 viii 2000 & 13 ix 2004) and Forth (Balerno, 4 x 1970) and from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. lenta Noted from Forth (Penicuik, 20 x 1953), Tay (Camghouran, 11 x 1964 & 26 ix 1965), Tweed (Dawyck, 4 x 1999), Moray (Glen Affric, 15 ix 1956) and Clyde (Craigmadden, Dunbartonshire, 8 ix 1987). Recorded in Stevenson for Tay (Glamis) a site from which it was recollected 19 ix 1987 and in Add. 8 from Tweed. Ag. (Hebeloma) punctatus listed in Stevenson in pine woods at Rothiemurchus – Moray collected by Rev. Keith may belong here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. brunnescens North American species on burnt soil recently collected in Tay (Dall, 4 xi 1972) and Solway (Torres Warren, 25 v 1986).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. highlandensis (Bonfire Scalycap) On burnt soil and charred wood; often at sites of former bonfires Forth (Doune Ponds, 14 viii 1991; Blair Drummond, 22 v 1968; Riccarton, 12 x 1973; Balerno, 11 v 1961), Sutherland (Borgie Dennis, 1955), Tay (Kindrogan, 6 vi 1969), Tweed (Dawyck, 9 x 1994), Dee (Mar Lodge, 19 v 2003), Moray (Abernethy, ix 1938, Wm. Young) and Clyde (Ben More, Dunoon, 8 x 1969; Chatelherault), Stromness, Orkney & Mull. Recorded with Rhizina inflata from Tay (Logie, Forfarshire. Probably better known as P. carbonaria and recorded in Stevenson as such for Tay and Moray. The recently described P. persicina P.D. Orton from England with type in E has been placed here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. mixta Single recent record from Moray (Abernethy, 7-13 ix 1994). This is P. filia as redescribed by Orton in Kew Bull. 31, 1976. Recorded by Stevenson from Tay (Glamis, 1875 with description).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. spumosa Often on sawdust. Known from Forth (Selmuir, 17 x 1965; Swanston, Edinb., 18 viii 1963), Dee (Glentanar, 21 x 1955) and Tay (Keillour, on sawdust and wood shavings, 30 x 2005; Pitlochry, 21 viii 1966; Aberfoyle, x 1972). In Stevenson records from Moray (Rothiemurchus, Grantown, Rev. J. Keith). Collections of P. graveolens in E appear to be this species fide Holec.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. scamba On rotting piles of plantation trash, generally coniferous. A typical agaric of Scottish Highlands. Known from Sutherland (Borgie, 23 ix 1984 &Dennis, 1955), Forth (Kirkcaldy, 7 x 1979; Stirling Univ., 5 x 1968; Selmuir, 17 x 1966), Tay (Black Wd., of Rannoch, 29 x 1961 & 9 x 1965; Kindrogan, 18 viii 1966; Black Craig Bridge of Cally, 21 viii 1966; Glenesk, Kincardineshire, 2 ix 1954), and Moray (Loch an Eilean, 26 viii 1955). Also recorded from Mull.
Ag.(Flammula) lupinus Recorded with field notes by Stevenson in pastures at Glamis Castle Park in 1874 remains a mystery.
Ag (Pholiota) subluteus Recorded in Stevenson App.9 from grassy ground Tweed (Faldonside, collected by Rev. D.Paul and W.B.Boyd) might be a Psathyrella fide Holec.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. tuberculosa Rare Scottish agaric only recently known from Solway (on Aesculus, Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000). Generally considered the same as Pholiota curvipes for which Reid & Austwick (1964) consider the single Scottish record should be confirmed.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. arenaria Single collection from sand-dunes Sutherland (Invernaver, 15 vii 1968).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. ochracea In water-logged playing fields Forth (Inverleith Park, 3 vii 1963 &15 vii 1968; Demonst. Gdn., RBG Edinb., 27 viii 1963 - 12 vi 1964). Originally considered to be A. temulenta. A. amoena.in BFF3.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. pediades (Common Fieldcap) In grass along roadsides and in pastures. Known from Forth (Saltoun Wd., 5 x 1954; Dalkeith, 17 viii 1986), Tay (Ballenluig, Pitlochry, 21 viii 1995), Moray (Culbin Sands, 26 vi 1963 & 24 viii 2005) and Solway (Tores Warren, 25 v 1986). In fixed sand-dune grassland West Sandwick, Shetland. Recorded by Stevenson from Tay and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. semiorbicularis Similar habitat to A. pediades with which it is sometimes synonimzed, except generally in more maritime grassland. Known from Forth (Aberlady, 1 vii 1971), Tay (Barry Links, 31 viii 1980), Sutherland (Bettyhill, 22 ix 1984), Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948) and Dee (Forvie Sands, 27 viii 1962 & 20 viii 1964; Crombie Hall, Aberdeen, 26 vi 1963). A collection from Clyde (Carstairs Sdtate Hospital 12 vii 1994) eaten by patient. In stabilised sand-dunes Unst and Yell both Shetland, in sheep pasture, N.Walls, Mingulay, Tiree, Rhum and Eigg. In Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Tay, Moray, and Clyde.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. subpediaides On rabbit droppings Sutherland (Invernaver, 17 vii 1988) and Tay ( Forfar, 13 viii 1978). Also from Rhum, Yell and Quendale, Shetland..
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. temulenta Noted by Stevenson with description in open woods at Tay (Glamis Den). See A. ochracea above for recent records under this name.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. gibberosa In water-logged playing fields. Known from Forth (Inverleith Park, 1-3 vii 1963; nr. Royal Infirmary, 1990). Has been synonimized with A. praecox.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. molesta On lawns and roadsides in grass or flower borders. Known from Forth ( Dumbarrie Res., Fife, 11 vi 2002; north of Cupar, 4 vi 2002), Tay (Murthley est., Dunkeld, 22 v 2003) and Mull. Recorded from Tay, Dee & Moray in Stevenson as Ag. (Pholiota) dura.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. elatella In swampy pastures, boggy grassland sometimes quite montane. Known from Forth (Aberlady, amongst Menyanthes, 17 vii 1973 & 23 v 1976; Loch Leven, 3 vi 1972; Glen Isla in Juncus bed, 25 vi 1966), Dee (Birks Wd., Aberdeen, 25 viii 1962), Tay (Dalreaich, Enochdhu, 17 viii 1978; Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2000; Meall nan Tarmachan, 762.5m., 7 vii 1996; Inverver Burn, 19 vi 1960; Beinn Heasgarnich, summer 1999). Records from Mainland, Yell and Fetlar - all Shetland, from S.Uist, Eigg, Skye, Mull and Colonsay. Previously known as A. paludosa. Surprisngly not in Stevenson but possibly lumped with A. praecox..
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. praecox (Spring Fieldcap) Along roadsides and in disturbed areas associated with woody debris, including woodchips; generally occurring from May onwards. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, 16 vi 1997 & 20 viii 2004, on wood chips; Hirsel Coldstream, 16 viii 1986; Cockburnspath & Cove, 14 v 1964), Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948, Evanston, v 1981), Forth (Kirkcaldy, vii 1978; Blinkbonny, 18 v 1988 & 6 v 1987, Comley Bank under Campanula, 27 vi 1991,Weaver’s Knowe Cres. 2 vii 1968, Orchard Rd., 18 vi 1983, Orchard Av., 4 vi 1976, Glenogle Rd., 29 v 1993 - all Edinb.; Linlithgow, of chips, 31 v 200;1 RBG., 31 v 1960 & in greenhouse RBGdn., Edinb., 8 v 1972; S.Queensferry, on tip, 29 v 1973), Tay (Kindrogan, 17 viii 1972), Moray (Coylum Bridge, 30 v 1960; Lochan Mhor, 28 v 1960 ), Solway (Torres Warren in coastal grassland, 24 v 1986), Clyde (Ben More, Younger BGdn., 125 v 1963; Chatelherault). Also known from Mainland and Yell, Shetland and on rotting straw Stromness, Orkney. Material sent in from Sick Kids Hospital prob. Forth iv & 7 vi 1987 & 2 vi 1990. In Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Tay and Dee. var. cutrefacta known from Forth (Nursery, 11 v 1991, Demonst. Gdn., 20 v 1964, RBGdn.. Edinb. and West Craigie Farm, Edinb., 30 vii 1961) A pale form called Pholiota candicans is known from Tay (Dall, 13-16 vi 1967).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. rivulosa On saw dust and wood chip piles Tay (Fasakally, Pitlochry, ix 2007), Forth (Royal Bank of Scotland site, Gogarburn, 10 x 2007; Balallan Hse Car Park, woodchip pile, 27 viii 2008; wood chips produced on site, Binning Wd., Tyninghame, 5 ix 2009; wood chips produced on site Ormiston Hall, 4 x 2009)). First, second and third records for UK.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. sphaleromorpha In marshy dune-slack, Quendale, Shetland; also Harris, 7 viii 1988. Record from Forth (Eden’s Hall Preston, 23 vi 1991).
Sect. Microsporae
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. arvalis Arising from buried, rounded sclerotium (although not always found) in fields and pastures; sometimes attached to buried wood. Recorded from Tay (St Andrews, 4 x 1954; Kindrogan, 19 viii 1967; Balnaguard, 19 viii 1978; Davan, 18 viii 1972; Glamis, 23 viii 1968), Moray (Dall Lodge, Nethy Bridge, 28 ix 1971; Abernethy, 10 ix 1996 & in old tennis court in vegetable garden, 25 viii 1983; Tomich, 28 viii 1957) and Dee (Crathes Castle, 16 viii 1964; Cambus o’May, on old cow dung, 6 ix 1975). Known from Arran, Skye and Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. vervacti In grass in machair dunes. Recorded from S.Uist, and Eigg. Record from Sutherland (Sandwood Bay, Dennis, 1955).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. cylindrica (Poplar Fieldcap) Only one recent record of this thermophilous species; on log, Tayinloan v 1981, Kintyre - Clyde. An older record in Stevenson as Ag. (Pholiota) pudica from Glamis - Tay. The record remains doubtful as it is ‘in open woods’ which does not sound right!
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. capnoides (Conifer Tuft) On conifer stumps and roots. Known from Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Forth (Livingston, 22 xi 1999), Moray (Granton on Spey, on Pinus & collection on Fagus, 26 viii 2005; Uath Lochan , on Pinus sylvestris, 24 viii 2005) and Clyde (Chatelherault); also recorded from Arran, Sutherland (Borgie Dennis, 1955) and Mull. In Stevenson recorded from Tay & Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. epixanthum On decayed deciduous wood. Two recent records from Tay (sawmill, Dall, 21-24 x 1966; Gannochy, Kincardineshire, 14 ix 1958).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. fasciculare (Sulphur Tuft) On both deciduous and coniferous stumps in woods and gardens, worked wood, wood debris including buried material; often on wooden foot steps. Common and widespread and found in most months of the year even some of the harshest e.g Edinburgh 23 xii 2005. On fence posts on Unst and Yell, Shetland. Known from Ross (several sites Applecross Dennis, 1948), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 20000; Knapdale 13 viii 1975), Sutherland (Tongue, Dennis, 1955), Tay (Kindrogan, on Picea abies, 18 v 2003; Black Wd., Rannoch, 21 v 2003), Clyde (Chatelherault, L. Nethan, Cleghorn Glen etc.; Dunoon, Younger Bot. Gdn., on litter under Pseudotsuga, 30 v 1975; also 8 ii 1965 & 28 ix 1971), Moray (Loch an Eilean, Insh Marshes & Uath Lochan, 22 – 24 viii 2005), Forth (Old tennis court, RBG Edinb., 5 vi 1956 & in fernery on old stump, 28 vi 1964; Heriot-Watt Campus, 4 viii 1990; nr. Dollar, 26 v 1971; Bavelaw, 10 v 1977; on Betula Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973), Moray (Aviemore, Wm. Young, ix 1938; Braid Hermitage and Mortonhall Edinb. x 1869 & 1898 legit W. Evans), Tweed (Dawyck, 30 ix 1956), Argylle (Dorlin Dennis 1951), Tay (Tentsmuir, 4 xi 1965 & 12 vi 1973) & Kintyre. Records from Arran, Mull, Lewis, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Colonsay, Islay and Jura; also Shetland in gardens there and incl. Unst and Yell; widespread on Mainalnd Orkney in addition to Hoy, Rousay and Shapinsay. Also collection in E as Ag. pulverulentus Bull. In Greville Herb. collected from Edinburgh ? and collections by J. Davies from RBGdn., Edinb., vii-vii 1846 and from Baldavan 1845 all in E. Other old collections include those of Klotzsch x 1830 and unlocated as ‘common fascicularis’. Recorded from all Watersheds in Stevenson except Sutherland. A sterile form from RBG Edinb., 1879 was mistakenly described as Agaricus (Clitocybe) sadleri. A collection with description in Add. 4 collected on dead trunk at Glamis, 1881 - Tay and labelled Ag. (Hypholoma) elaeodes probably belongs here. Attacked by Cladosporium cladosporoides on pine stump Forth (Glen Corse, 27 i 1974)
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. lateritium (Brick Tuft) On deciduous wood at base of stumps, often Fagus or arising from buried roots. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, 14 xii 2000), Clyde (Kintyre), Moray (Aviemore, Wm. Young ix 1938; Plodda, Glen Affric, 1 ix 1957), Forth (RBG Edinb., 3 xi 1980; Mortonhall Edinburgh Evans, x 1879) and Tay (Todhills, Dundee, 30 xi 1970); known from Colonsay and Binscarth, Orkney. Also two collections of Klotzsch as ‘Ag. lateritius Oct - November 1830’. Probably better known as H. sublateritium under which name it appears in Stevenson and recorded for all Watersheds except Sutherland and Argylle.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. radicosum (Rooting Brownie) On conifer stumps. Known from Tay (Blackcraig, 20 viii 1972; Straloch 16 viii 1974 & 29 viii 1976 and Kindrogan, 18 viii 1967; Camghouran, 1 x 1971), Dee (Morrone Wd., Braemar) and Moray (Abernethy, 12 ix 1984). Also known from Mull. Not in Stevenson but in Add. 1 noted for Tay. A collection in Klotzsch herb. in E of Ag. lacrymabundus var. fusipes? from Glasgow BGdn, Aug. 1830 belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. elongatum (Spaghnum Brownie) On peaty soils amongst moss both with or without Sphagnum. Known from Sutherland (Tongue & Borgie Dennis, 1955), Tay (Loch Craiglush, Dunkeld, 19 ix 1957; Forest of Alyth, 16 viii 1972; Ben Lawers 457m., 1 ix 1957; Ghlas Maol 762m., 28 ix 1962; Black Wd. of Rannoch, 10 x 1965; Forest of Airlie, 11 ix 1970), Dee (Cairnwell, 12 ix 1978 & 18 ix 1979; ???Black Loch 24 ix 1955, probably that near Coupar Angus), Moray (Abernethy, 2 ix 1969 thru’ 3 ix 1991 & 25 viii 2005; Loch Pityoulish, 28 viii 1955; Nethy Bridge, 28 viii 1969; Glenmore Forest Pk., Granton on Spey, Insh Marshes, Uath Lochan, 23 – 25 viii 2005; also Cairngorm Plateau, 22 viii 2005), Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 23 v 1959) and Ross (Applecross, Dennis, 1948; Beinn Eighe, 792m., 29 ix 1955 & in late snow patch, 24 ix 1956; in Sphagnum under Betula, Loch Maree, 46m., 20 vii 1955) Also known from St Kilda, Mull, Shetland, incl. Whalsay, Foula and Orkney, incl. Eday, Graemsay and S. Ronaldsay, Lewis, Skye, Rhum and Colonsay. Surprisingly not in Stevenson. A collection in E labelled Pholiota henningsii from Forth (Balerno, in Sphgnum, 19 vii 1954) belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. ericaeoides Recently separated from H. ericaceum qv. by P.D.Orton (1960), based on material from Surrey and differing in the non-yellow gills and dark spores under the microscope. On peaty or muddy soils in heathland or in wet depressions in woodland. Known from Forth (Doune Ponds, 14 x 1990) and Moray (Glen Affric Tom a’ Chorinch, 7 ix 1988; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005). Also at high altitude with Salix herbacea Tay (Meall Ghaordie, 18 ix 2003, J. Milne) and from Mull and several sites on Mainland Orkney, Shapinsay, Sandy etc.. In all major areas of Mainland Shetland and on Muckle Roe, Foula and Fair isle. Undoubtdely included under Ag. (Psilocybe) ericacea in Stevenson q.v..
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. ericaeum On peaty soils on heaths and moorland. Known from Tay (Rannoch, 20 viii 1966, from where it is recorded in Stevenson), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 22 viii 2005) and Dee (Cairnwell 18 ix 1979), St Kilda, Shetland incl. North Roe, Foula and Fair Isle and from Mull. Placed in Stevenson in Agaricus (Psilocybe) ericaea.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. fulvidulum. On peaty soil and in moss Moray ( Abernethy 30 viii 1969, holotype in E & 13 ix 1994) both in E. Described by Orton (1990) differing from H. uda in its stature, bright colours and spores but see H. udum below.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. laeticolor On acidic soils along farm tracks and damp areas. Known from Moray (Abernethy 31 viii - 1 ix 1972), Tay (Camghouran, 18 ix 1976) and Stromness, Orkney, Not in Stevenson. See Orton (1960).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. marginatum (Snakeskin Brownie) On conifer trash including small diameter branches. Records from Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Tweed (Dawyck,), Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 x 1971 & 18 x 2003; Dall, 12 x 1965; Blackcraig Bridge of Cally, 18 viii 1974; Black Wd., Rannoch, 10 x 1965), Forth (Bathgate, 20 x 1971), Moray (Pollanbuidhe, Glen Affric, 15 ix 1956) and Forth (Selmuir Wd.). Also known from Arran, Skye and Mull. Better known as H. dispersum a name under which it was noted from Tay and Moray in Stevenson. Also Klotzsch material x 1830 from Blantyre on larch as Ag. fascicularis var. ---- marginalis.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. polytrichi In heathland amongst coarse mosses esp. Polytrichum. Known from Moray (Glen Strathfarrer, 26 ix 1985; Abernethy, 13 ix 1998; Meall a’ Bhuachaille, 23 viii 2005), Sutherland (Ben Loyal 701m., Dennis. 1955) and Solway (Raider’s Rd. Bennan Forest 27 v 1986). Also recorded from Arran, Skye, Barra, Mull, Jura, Rhum, Hoy, Orkney and Quendale, Shetland. Not in Stevenson but added in Add. 9 with descrioption from Glamis, - Tay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. subericaeum On muddy and black soils, often around drying ponds and depressions in woodland. Recorded from Forth (Thruipmuir, 4 x 1953 & 9 x 1955; Cammo Park, 26 ix 1981), Moray (Ben Wyvis at 228m., 8 ix 1963; Loch Loy, 25 ix 1955), Dee (Forvie, 20 x 1959). Also known from Papa Westray, Mainland Orkney and many associated islands, Shetland including Yell and West Burra, Skye and St Kilda. Only fairly recently ()rton, 1960) separated from H. ericaeum, differing in smaller spores; not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. udum (Peat Brownie) In peaty generally wet areas. Known from Moray (Glen Affric 152m., 23 viii 1955 and several other sites, Loch Affric, Tom a’ Chorinich; Glen Einich, 335m.,29 viii 1955; Abernethy, 2 ix 1969 & 22 ix 1983; Lurcher’s gulley, Cairngorm 26 ix 1970; by Ski-lift, Cairngorm, 15 viii 1984; Tomich, 10 ix 1969; also Uath Lochan, Curr Wd., Loch an Eilean & Meall a’ Bhuachaille 22 – 26 viii 2005), Ross (Inchmoon, 24 viii 1981),Tay (Ben Chonzie, 487.5m.,4 viii 1976; Forest of Aslyth, 5 viii 1973; Ben Lawers, 3 ix 1983), Argylle (Glen Lochay 1 vii 2001) and Forth (Ochertyre Moss, Stirling, 9 ix 1980). Also known from Hoy and Mainland Orkney, Muckle Roe and Yell, Shetland . H. fulvidulum has been synonimized with this species.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. myosotis (Olive Brownie) In boggy areas in heathland and on moors, and in willow carrs on wet soils. Known from Forth and Moray (Glenmore Forest Pk., 22 viii 2005). Known from Westray, Orkney, St Kilda, Shetalnd incl. Yell and Unst, S.Uist, Skye, Eigg, Mull, and Colonsay. Introduced with description in Stevenson’s Add. pg. 412 from Moray (Strathspey, legit Rev. J. Keith. Ag. (Naucoria) tenax has been equated with H. myosotis as interpreted by Rea; this name is attributable to a collection in a birchwood in mOray (Grantown, 1880 by Rev. J. Keith).
H. pseudoudum n.p. P.D.Orton in E. Rothiemurchus 14 & 24 ix 1984 - Moray.
Agaricus silaceus Recorded with description from old pasture Glamis Castle Park 1874 by Stevenson, a record for this Persoon species repeated by M.C.Cooke in HBF 2. Apparently only known British record.
TFTaDMSSoCAR K. leucolepidota Caespitose on stumps of frondose trees especially Betula. Known from Tay (Kinloch Rannoch, 10 ix 1978 & Kindrogan 19 v 1981). Type from Devon, England in E; see Orton Notes RBGE 1969.
TFTaDMSSoCAR K. lignicola On Pinus sylvestris sawdust in large clumps. Many collections as Galerina myriadophylla from Tay (Dall, Rannoch over period 16 v 1967 - 6 vi 1968 -holotype in E); see Orton Notes RBGE 1969
TFTaDMSSoCAR K. mutabilis (Sheathed Woodtuft) On dead trunks and stumps of frondose trees, especially Betula. Known from Forth (Lake of Monteith, 5 xi 1990; Blinkbonny, Edinb. on Rosa stock, 10 i 2005; Flisk Wd., Fife, x 1984; Dalmahoy, S.Queensferry on Betula, 29 ix 1973), Ross (Loch Maree Dennis, 1948; Loch Maree on Betula), Tay (Glen Tilt, on Betula, 8 ix 1989; Murthley, 23 v 2003; Dall, Rannoch, 18 v 1968; Blair Atholl, 3 vi 1967; Straloch, Moulin 2 ix 1982; Loch Rannoch, 17 x 1968; Pitlochry, 19 viii 1973; Dalreaich, Kindrogan, 14 viii 1972), Moray (Abernethy, on rotten Pinus sylvestris wood, 25 viii 2005), Argylle (Salen Dennis 1951), Sutherland (on Betula Tongue, Dennis, 1955), Clyde (Dunoon, 30 ix 1971; Kintyre; Chatelheralt) and Tweed (St Boswells on Fagus, 5 v 1959). Also, Mull, Skye and Rhum and on rotten Acer, Binscarth, Orkney. Klotzsch collection in E from nr. Lochlachan, Oct. 1830. Widespread and common and noted in Stevenson for all Watersheds but Sutherland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. percevalii In raspberry patch Forth (Orchard Brae, 5 viii 1973). Probably includes collection by D.M.Henderson from Tay (Stormont, Blairgowrie, 30 ix 1952 as S. coronilla with rooting base) in pine plantation. Placed in Stropharia by some authors.
TFTaDMSSoCAR Leratiomyces ceres (Redhead Roundhead) Apparently introduced with wood-chips. Known from Solway (Logan BGdn, 5 viii 1992 - 30 ix 1993), Clyde (in garden, Milton on Campsie, 20 ii 2005) and Forth (RBGdn., Edinb,. Cryptogamic and Demonstration Gardens 18 x 1995 & 13 xi 2002). Possibly been introduced to Edinburgh from Logan in woody material deposited in Cryptogamic Gdn. Previously called S. aurantiaca
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. squamosus On woody debris, wood-chips mixed or not with straw. Recorded from Forth (Dalmeny, 6 x 1968; Orchard Rd., Edinburgh 12 vi 1979; roadside verge under Fagus, Balerno,3 x 1954 & 26 x 1958) and Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 3-9 x 1965); also known from Mull. Recorded in Stevenson from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Clyde, Argylle and Ross and in Add. 1 from Moray. Var. thrausta is noted with a field description in Stevenson for Tay based on a collection by Buchanan White from Rannoch. Frequently placed in Stropharia and Psilocybe.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. heptachrous Single record on chip-board from Forth (Fife 15 xii 1995). Has been placed by some authors under M. horizontalis, q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. horizontalis (Wood Oysterling) Generally found in clusters on the inner surface of hollowed out Fagus and cut ends of logs in wood-piles. Noted from Forth (Heriot –Watt campus, on Sambucus, ix 2008; Almondell, on fallen trunk, 9 viii 2008; on Sorbus stool, Ravelston Hse. Wd., Edinb., 2 ii 2003; Doune Ponds on Salix caprea; on Rosa stool, RBGdn., Edinb. 5 x 1992).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. phillipsii On decaying grasses and sedges in damp habitats. Known from Tweed (Glen Tress, Peebles 24 xi 1994), Forth (Lothians), Moray (Loch Loy, 25 ix 1955), Islay and from Torosay, Mull. Also on dead grass in Forth (Penicuik, 1874 collected by W. Phillips) in Stevenson with description as Ag. (Crepidotus) phillipsii. Psilocybe caricola is said to be the same - type from Norfolk, England in E..
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. proteus Known from several localities on conifer trunks and cut surfaces of stumps, especially Picea in Forth (Doune ponds, Stirling, 14 x 1990 and Slipperfield near West Lonton, 7 xi 2003), Clyde (Younger BGdn., Dunoon 12 xi 1993; Falls of Clyde), Tay (Tentsmuir 18 x 2003; Glen Dochart on pile of cut Picea logs, v 2009), Ross (Inverewe 5 xi 1991) and Solway (Carsphairn 3 xii 1994). There is some indication that this may be the same as M. horizontalis q.v.for which the latter is the prior name.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. textilis Known from several localities on old plant artifacts in Forth (Cramond, 12 v 1993; Edinburgh 12 5 1988 & Dunfermline on door mat 23 xi 1981), Tay (Merthall, Perthshire on old mat 8 iv 1992). Has been placed in M. horizontalis.
TFTaDMSSoCAR Melanotus sp. On old stem of Curcuma (Zingerberaceae), Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. 1 vii 1992).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. dissimulans A single record from Mull agreeing in part with this species. Known also as Pholiota oedipus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. stagnina In Sphagnum bogs; northerly in the UK. Generally considered a rare species but widespread in Scotland and some authorities often include both Naucoria stagninoides and N. zetlandica as synonyms; see below. Discussed in Orton, TBMS 1960. Known from Sutherland (Tongue Dennis, 1955), Tay (Glenesk, Kincardineshire, 5 ix 1955), Moray (Glen Affirc, 21-28 viii 1955; Loch Pityoulish, 1 ix 1955), Shetland, Skye and St Kilda,. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. stagninoides Only recently separated from P. stagnina of which it is a considered a synonym by some authors; see Orton 1960. Found in similar situations to P. stagnina and known from Foula, and West Burra Shetland, in addition to Mainland, Shetland (type: 23-29 vii 1958 in E).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. zetlandica Only recentlty separated from P. stagnina of which it is considered a synonym by some authors; see Orton, TBMS 1960 - type in E from Shetland 25 vii 1958. Found in similar situations and known from Moray (Abernethy, 1 ix 1992), Tay (Glenesk, 11 ix 1953; Dall, 3 x 1972) and Dee (Dunecht, 19 viii 1964; Cairnwell, 8 ix 1984). Recorded from Mull, Fetlar and Yell, Shetalnd.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. coprophila Widespread and common on old dung in fields. Known from Forth (on sheep dung upland grassland, Clackmannan, 9 x 1988), Ross (on sheep, Tornapress, Kishorn, 13 ix 1963), Moray (Insh Marshes, 23 viii 2005; on sheep dung, Cairngorm, 10 ix 1984) and Tay (Ben Lawers, 458m., 1 ix 1957). Also recorded from S. Uist, Mull, Skye, Eigg, Colonsay, Rhum, and year old burnt moor Orkney as well as horse and rabbit dung, Shetland including Foula. f. subetiolata found on sheep dung, Forth (Arthur’s Seat Edinburgh, 11 iv 1963). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. merdaria On dung, silage and sewage waste. Recorded from Tay (on silage, Kindrogan, 19 viii 1967; Dall Rannoch, 2 x 1965; on dung amongst Salix repens, Straloch, 7 ix 1984), Forth (Lothians & on swan dung, Doune Ponds, 20 xii 1989 legit I. Munro; on hare dung, Pentalnds, 9 vi 2003 legit M.J.Richardson) and Moray (Rothiemurchus, 27 viii 1955 & Loch an Eilean, 31 viii 1955). Also known from othert sites on Mull, Mingulay, Iona, Skye, Foula, Muckle Roe, Fetlar and Mainland Shetland, and Orkney at Orphir, Stronsay and S. Walls; also material from the sides of a septic tank - no further details. A gasteroid form from Glen Forsa, Mull (18 v 1968) has been discussed in detail by Watling in New Phytol.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. merdicola on horse dung, Moray (Glen Affric, 27 ix 1985) and Tay (Camghouran, Rannoch, 23 ix 1976). Also material on rabbit dung, Stromness Orkney .
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. moelleri On sheep dung Moray (Loch Ericht, viii 1991).
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. subcoprophila On old dung in fields and woodland margins. Recorded from Moray (old cattle dung, Abernethy, 2 ix 1995; Tomich, 27 viii 1964 &10 ix 1969; Insh Marshes, on cow dung, 23 viii 2005), Dee (on pony dung, Invercauld, 27 vi 1987; on sheep, 23 viii 1968 and on rabbit, 27 ix 1983 Cairnwell; Mar Lodge, Braemar, on sheep dung, 19 v 2003), Tweed (on rabbit, Dawyck, 16 x 2001) and Tay (on horse, Davan, Kindrogan, 18 viii 1987and on silage, Kindrogan 7 vi 1969; Lochan an Daim, 21 v 2003). Also known from Aros Wd., Mull, Foula, Fair Isle, and from Shetland, Unst and Orkney on N. & S. Walls and cow dung, Mainland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. apelliculosa In unimproved grassland. Known from Forth (Crossford, Dunfermline, in short rabbit grazed turf, 12 xi 1978; Bawsinch, Duddingston Edinburgh 4 viii 2002), Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 15 ix 1967) and Muckle Roe, Shetland. Type from Malham, Yorks. in E. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. bullacea On grass stems and old dung. Concept taken as in BFF5, although material needs to be re-examined. Recorded from Ross (Upper Loch torridon Dennis, 1948), Tay (on grass stems, Struan, 25 vi 1966) and Forth (amongst cinders and moss Glen Ogle gasworks, Edinb., 29 v 1963); Also noted from Rhum. The last possibly represents P. muscorum. Known from Skye and Rhum. In Stevenson noted only from Rothiemurchus on horse dung – Moray, Rev,. J.Keith.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. chionophila On peaty soil Forth (summit of Dumyat, Menstrie Hills, 11 x 1987). As P. semistriata in BFF 5.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. crobula On decayed grass and leafy material, less frequently on woody debris. Known from Moray (Loch an Eilean, 30 viii 1955), Clyde (L. Nethan), Forth (Lothians but without voucher material) and Tay (Loch of the Lowes, Blairgowrie, viii 1974; Rannoch, 29 ix 1964 & on rabbit dung, Struan, 6 ix 1982); also single record from Stromness Orkney. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. graminicola In grassland Sutherland (Strathnaver, 17 vii 1988), Tay (Clutter Hse. Hill, Perthshire, 26 iiii 1975), Clyde (ascent of Ben Lomond, 28 vii 1991), Moray (Glen Affric, 27 ix 1985 & Loch an Eilean, 23 viii 1961) and Shetland - type from Mid-Yell, 23 vii 1958 in E; refound Whalasay, Foula and various sites on Mainland Shetland. . Single record from Stromness, Orkney. This is P. subviscida var. velata Noordel.. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. inquilina In grassland on grass stems. Known from Forth (on lawn, Blinkbonny, 1 vi 2000 thru’ 3 xii 2004), Tay (Corb Wd., Dunning, 5 iii 1989; Kindrogan, 18 v 2003; Lui Bridge, 21 v 2003), Moray (Abernethy, 10 ix 1995), Ross (on Juncus effusus stems, Beinn Eighe, 28 ix 1955) and also Stromness and Binscarth, Orkney and St Kilda. In Stevenson as Ag. (Tubaria) inquilinus from Moray and Tay. The Scottish record of Ag. (Naucoria) graminicolor from Glamis - Tay is said to be this species but the description does not fit the material!; see Reid & Austwick, 1963.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. magica This species comes close to P. montana. Scottish material at Kew. To locate.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. montana In grassy areas, amongst moss on heathland and moorland, and rocky outcrops; often by roadsides in northern areas. Includes P. physaloides which differs in its slightly smaller basidiospores and also P. atrorufa as widely conceived, although records are only from montane areas; thus collections of the latter need examination because of confusion with P. semistriata . Known from Forth ( Doune Ponds, 14 x 1990; RBGdn., Edinb., order beds, 22 viii 1967; Crossford, Dunfermline, 12 x 1978), Moray (Glen Affric, 7 ix 1988), Argylle (landslip, Glen Orchy, 6 vii 1985) and Sutherland (Tongue Dennis, 1955). Also recorded from Mainland Shetland and Fetlar, St Kilda, Rhum, Arran, Colonsay and Hoy and Papa Westray both Orkney. As P. atrorufa Tay (Beinn Ghlas, 762m., 5 viii 1958 and Ben Lawers with Salix herbacea, 1158m., 2 vii 1956 & 5 vi 1958 & with Juncus squarrosus & Anthoxanthum, 609.6m., 7 vii 1956). Under same name from several sites for Mainland Shetland and Fetlar. Recorded as P. physaloides from Tay (Head of Glen Isla, 25 vi 1966, Glen Comrie, 6 vii 1969; Kindrogan, 3 ix 1997; track up Ben Vrackie, Moulin, 7 vii 1963), Forth (Lothians) and Dee (in ditch with silage, Loch Skene, 25 viii 1962). Also known from Mainland, Shetland, and Fetlar, St Kilda and Rhum, In Stevenson as P. physaloides only on dung, Glamis - Tay and same locality (x 1876) as P. atrorufus with short description.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. muscorum Mossy areas in sand-dunes. Known from Solway (Torres Warren, 25 iv 1986) and Forth (Blinkbonny, 18 xii 1994; on disused railway track, Water of Leith, 31 x 1976), Argylle (Glen Orchy, 6 vii 1985) and Moray (in mossy gravel, below summit Cairngorm, 10 ix 1984). In quarries on mineral soil Fethland, Gutcher and Mainland Shetland, Foula and Yell; also Stromness, Orkney and Papa Westray. Type from Studland, Dorset in E. A etiolated collection on whale bone from Mull viii 1992 possible colonized from neighbouring grass debris is thought to be this species; see Watling & Turnbull, Mycologist 10 1996. Noordeloos places this in synonymy with P. inquilina.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. phylogena As P. rhombispora and Naucoria tenax. Amongst woody debris, esp. coniferous material. Known from Tay (Loch Rannoch, 1 xi 1964; Dall 4 x 1967 & 22 ix 1973 - 9 x 1973) and Moray (Tomich, 11 vii 1970 & Nethy Bridge, 28 viii 1969).
TFTaDMSSOCAR D. pratensis amongst maritime grasses. Known from Forth (Fidra, 7 xii 1960; Aberlady, 16 xi 1960 - holotype in E), Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 x 1965) and Stromness, Orkney,
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. xeroderma A recod from Forth (Cargill Terrace, Edinburgh, 5 vii 1963) and identified as P. physaloides probably belongs here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR D. turficola In boggy areas Tay ( Camghouran, Rannoch, 23 ix 1976) and Moray (Abernethy 31 viii - 1 ix 1972 & 22 ix 1983) Also in E as P. atrobrunnea in Sphagnum, Abernethy, 10 & 14 ix 1987 and 9 ix 1990, legit P.D.Orton).
Nomen prov,. In Herb. Orton
P. megaspora nomen prov. P.D.Orton Tomich 24-26 viii 1964.
Psilocybe sp. on trackside, conifer plantation Caidnure,
Psilocybe sp. A collection from Tweed (Caidnure Plantation, Peebles, 9 v 1981) on trackside in conifer plantation has been examined by Guzman during his monograph of Psilocybe and is unknown to him!
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. fimetaria On horse dung. Known from Tay (Dall Rannoch, 8 & 11 x 1960 - type in E; Camghouran, 25-31 x 1964, 9 x 1965, 27 ix - 27 x 1967 (cultivated material from same locality also in E), Straloch, Kindrogan, 7 ix 1984; Tentsmuir, 18 x 2003), Forth (on dung treated Herb. Border, RBG Edinb., 6 x 1972) and Moray (Glen Affric, 10 ix 1968; Creag Dubh, on cow dung, 23 viii 2005). Also know from Orkney, incl. Hoy, Mull (on cow dung), Ulva and Skye (on dung in Salix carr).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. semilanceata (Liberty Cap; inherited erroneously Magic Mushroom) Common and widespread throughpout Mainland Scotland & Western and Northern Islands; amongst grass especially in acidic and/or unimproved grassland, including montane and hill pasture; in addition found on sports fields, and in parks and gardens; can be found at high elevations. Well known as a recreational drug and collected extensively in Scotland for that purpose from school students and ‘hippies’ to oil rig workers. Contains varying amounts of psilocin and psilocybin; analysed collections starred below - see Watling & Margot TB MS. From hill pasture enrichment experiments at Sourhope (Tweed) increases in fruiting numbers are recorded after application of vermicide! Known from Sutherland (Strathtongue Dennis, 1955; Bettyhill, 22 ix 1984), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Forth (Kirkcaldy Training College, ix 1977, confiscated from students; Dunfermline Glen, x 1977 collected by student; Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973; Cammo Pk., Cramond, 26 ix 1981; RBG Edinb., In Sorbus demonstration, 25 x 1977 thru’ 8 xi 1978; Inverleith Pk., Edinburgh, 15 xi 1966 & x 1976 & 25 x 1979; Blinkbonny 10 x 1981 thru’ 1 x 1983*; Kinross 26 ix 1967; Stirling Univ. campus, xii 1975 police enquiry; Wintonhaugh, xi 1910 legit W.Evans); Tay (Stanley, ix 1989, taken from youths; Ben Vrackie, 22 viii 1987; Ben Lawers, 350m., 1 ix 1957; Straloch 22 viii 1964, 22 viii 1966, 18 viii 1978 & 2 ix 1982 and Blackcraig 13 x 1975 both near Kindrogan; Montrose, Sunnyside Royal Hospital, 17 ix 1982), Moray (Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Glenmore Forest Pk., 22 viii 2005; Rothiemurchus, 23 viii 1961; nr., Aviemore, ix 1938, Wm. Young; Peterhead, Old People’s home, 6 viii 1984), Dee (Ski-lift, Cairnwell, 12 ix 1978), Argylle (Dorlin, Dennis 1951) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde & L. Nethan; Glasgow ix 1978 enquiry; Milngarvie golf course, 17 x 1977* & 9 ix 1978; Paisley Mental Hospital, 6 ix 1978; Monklands Hospital, poison case x 1981; Kilburn 25 x 1978). Also Ashgrove General Hospital, ix 1981 eaten by patient. Also known from St Kilda, on downward slopes from cleits, from Mainland Shetland and most neighbouring islands, Lewis, S. Uist, Mull, Rhum, Colonsay, Islay, Westray, Eday etc., Arran & from Mainland Orkney (incl. material ‘for trip’, 29 ix 1990), Skye and Rhum. In Stevenson noted from all but Argylle, Sutherland, Dee and Solway but last added in Add. 8.Gasteroid form located amongst more normal f-bs at Prestonhall Pathhead, Midlothian, 29 ix 2001 (Forth); see Watling & Martin Bot. J. Scotland, 2003.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. strictipes Similar habitat requirements to the closely related P. semilanceata of which it is often considered a synonym or variety. It differs in the strongly developing blue colours at the base of the stipe and on the pileus and the rather more convex expanded pileus. As P. callosa Forth (Bonaly Tower, Colinrton, 23 viii 1967). As P.semilanceata var. caerulescens Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., 13 x 1965; Riccarton Hse., 12 x 1973; Flotterstone, 20 ix 1965). Also from Stromness and Gloup, Orkney and Fetlar. As P. semilanceata open-capped form Forth (under Araucaria on lawn, RBGdn., Edinb.).
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. cubensis (Magic Mushroom or Gold Top) Openly sold as recreational drug in Edinburgh (Leith) until July 2005 when new legislation was introduced. Probably some material grown in artificial culture in Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. cyanescens (Blueing Brownie) An introduction, and undoubtedly spreading since the first Scottish record in 1954 with the use of wood-chips in horticulture; often appears quite late in the year. Known from Forth (amongst collapsed rotten wooden fence, Orchard Rd., Edinburgh, 2 xi 1975; on wood chips, Ashley Hall Gdns., and esp. RBGdn., Edinb.- 6 xii 1995; base of Platyceria, Fern Hse., 3 ii 1954; in pot of Sparamannia palmata, 16 i 1962; potting shed, Hartley Hse., 9 x 1966; on wood chips, Woodland Gdn., 7 & 8 xi 1967; under old Elsholtzia fruticosa, Car Pk., Inverleith, 20 xi 1979; shrubbery 17 x 1995) and Solway (Logan Bot. Gdn., 17 ix 1993). In former plantation GR 212526 NO 25 SW, P. Ramsay 29 ix 1996 – check locality and Point of Ayre, Orkney, 4 xi 1978.
P. scobicola Single record and described from British Isles based on a collection by Stevenson from Tay (Glen Olgivy, 1877 on pine sawdust). Accepted by Check List of BB but said to be possibly a Hypholoma.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. aeruginea Terrestrial in gardens, parks and open woodland. Known from Sutherland (Borgie Bridge & Rhiconich Dennis, 1955), Tay (Kindrogan in Salix repens turf, 20 x 1968; New golf course, St Andrews 26 ix 1954 thru’ 9 xi 1956), Forth (Swanston, xi 1982; Braid Hills, Edinburgh, xi 1878, legit Evans; Trinity, 7 xi 1972; on old stump Inverleith, 27 ix 1962 & Mortonhall, x 1879 all Edinburgh; Gladhouse legit Rupert Smith, x 1938; Penicuik, x 1869; Thruipmuir,, Balerno, 26 ix 1953; in stubble Riccarton, 12 x 1973; dune grasssland, Aberlady, 31 x 1964), Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948) and Dee (Forvie sands, 16 x 1962); also known from St Kilda, Skye, Rhum and possibly rotting straw Stronsay, Orkney. Further old record in E from RBG Edinb. ix 1845 and Klotzsch ‘ Ag. aerugineus Curt. Oct. 1830, Canmore? Recorded in Stevenson for all watersheds but Solway and Sutherland, the former added in Add. 8.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. albonitens Records for Scotland in K.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. caerulea (Blue Roundhead) In flowerbeds, cold frames and shrubberies in gardens, parks etc. Known from Forth (Carberry Tower, 24 ix 2001; Lumphanan, 7 x 1990) and Tay (Tentsmuir, 18 x 2003). Also records under S. cyanea as interpreted by Orton Notes Roy. Bot. Gdn., 1976 from Forth (Loch Leven, 1 x 1983; in pot of Chyrsanthemum, Inverlieth, Edinb., 30 x 1990; Waters of Leith, 31 x 1976), Clyde (Caddow Pk., 4 x 1981) and in stabilise sand-dunes, West Sandwick Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. hornemannii (Conifer Roundhead) Known only from Moray (Abernethy, 21 & 22 ix 1983 & 3 ix 1992).
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. inuncta (Smoky Roundhead) Recent collections from Tay (Kindrogan, 20 viii 1978; Dall, 14 x 1976 and St Andrews, 23 viii 1954) and Auskerry, Orkney, 14 x 1994. According to Stevenson brought to the Edinburgh Fungus Festival from somewhere in the neighbourhood - Forth; accompanied by description, although not known subsequently from region.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. pseudocyanea (Peppery Roundhead) Often hidden in long grass in acidic grasslands and in dune grassland. Known from Tay (St Andrews, 4 xi 1999; Dall, 14 x 1976; Kinloch Rannoch, 7 x 1973), Unst, Shetland and Deerness, Orkney. Records as S. albocyaneus are from Forth (RBG Edinb., 1 x 1912 M. Wilson; hill pasture, Vane Farm, Loch Leven, 1 x 1983; very old dung, Bavelaw, 9 x 1960), Tay (Comrie, 2 x 1961; Tentsmuir, 10 x 1965) and Sutherland (Strathnaver, in Dryas heath, 24 ix 1984; with Juniperus, Dryas & Salix repens Druim Chubhu see Savage Field Mycol. 9) and Burrafirth, Unst. Recorded under this latter name in Stevenson for Tay and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. coronilla (Garland Roundhead) In grassland often in maritime turf. Known from Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948), Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 x 1971; St Andrews, 26 ix 1954 thru’ 2 x 1962;), Sutherland (Druim Chubhu Strathnaver Reserve see Savage Field Mycol. 9), Moray (Nethy bridge, 29 viii 1969) and Forth (Orchard Brae, 9 x 1976); also records from S.Uist, Rhum, Mull & Colonsay. Recorded as Ag. obturatus in Stevenson for Melrose, legit Jerdon - Tweed.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. melanosperma No recent records but noted in Stevenson from single record at Glamis – Tay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. rugosoannulata Material in E grown from commercial spawn kit, Available but infrequently on sale; not known to grow natively.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. semiglobata (Dung Roundhead) One of our commonest agarics occurring on a whole range of dung types even in zooplethesmic grassland and from coastal sites to montane localities . Known from Sutherland (Ben Loyal 308m Dennis, 1955; Skerry, 15 ix 1973), Tweed ( ), Tay (Dall, 21 x 1966; Comrie, 17 vii 1976; Tentsmuir, 20 xi 1965; Glen Isla on deer dung, 25 vi 1966; Meallnan Tarmachan on sheep dung, 27 vi 1964 & on deer dung 548m.,18 v 1958 ), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, Abernethy, Creag Dubh, Insh Marshes, Insh Marshes 22 –2 6 viii 2005; also Cairngorm Pl., 21 viii 2005; Aviemore, ix 1938, legit Wm. Young; Glen Affric summit plateau Tom a’ Chorinich, 7 ix 1988), Clyde (Kintyre) and Forth (West Lomond, Fife, on sheep dung, 29 vii 1990; Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973; Mortonhall and Braids, Edinb. vi 1879; Loch Leven on sheep dung, 3 vi 1972; Hermitage, Edinb. 12 x 1978; nr. Peebles ex Evans x 1869), Ross (Applecross, Dennis 1948) and Argylle (Glen Uig Dennis, 1951; Glen Nevis, 24 vi 1978; Kilmory Chapel 6 viii 1975; Stob Garbh on sheep dung, 19 vii 1961; Loch Fynne, on cow dung, 13 vi 1976) and Beinn a’ Chreachan, 975.4m., 20 vii 1980. Old collection in E probably legit Greville and named Ag. glutinosus Curtis (vid. A. semiglobosus); this collection is significant in connection with Sowerby’s discussion on this epithet in British Fungi. Known from Mainland Orkney and surrounding islands, on horse dung and enriched soil, from Shetland throuhgout Mainland, including Hascosay, Muckle Roe etc., Fair Isle on pony dung and Foula amongst Salix repens, also Arran, Mull, incl. on hen droppings, Lewis (Loch Arnol), St Kilda on soay sheep dung, Harris, S.Uist, Barra, Mingulay, Raasay, Eigg, Rhum, Colonsay, Raasay, Islay, Jura, Gigha, Iona, Tresnish Islands, Ulva and Skye. S. stercoraria is taken as a synonym of the present species although some differences especially in pileus shape can be reported and basidiospore size. Such collections are from Moray (Aigas, 24 ix 1985 and Tay (on dung/straw mixture, Balbeggie, Cupar Angus, 25 vi 1966). Stevenson recorded this species in the widest sense viz. include. Ag. stercorarius from all areas of Scotland except Sutherland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. perplexa Orton was more correct in his original notes in E when assigning this species to Psilocybe as P. perplexa nom. prov. P.D.Orton than he was when he finally placed it in Phaeocollybia (Orton, 1976), where it held a very anomalous position. Redhead later rectified this by erecting the autonomous genus Stagnicola. Apparently widespread but not common in Caledonian pinewoods. Known from Moray (Rothiemurchus, 23 viii 1961- type in E) and Tay (Dall, Rannoch, site of sawdust pile, 6 x 1973 et subseq. viii 1961).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. junonius (Spectacular Rustgill) On stumps, roots and at base of trunks of both coniferous and frondose trees. Known from Forth (Penicuik Hse., on Tilia x stump, 10 viii 2009; Ravelston, Edinb., on Acer , 4 x 1992; Dalkieth, on Quercus, 17 viii 1986; Craigie Wd., Kirkliston, on Quercus, 11 ix 2001; South Queensferry, 5 x 1968; Saltoun Wd., East Lothian, 13 ix 1960), Tay (Monifieth, on Salix, 9 ix 1991), Moray (Badger Falls Glen Affric, 2 ix 1965), Tweed (Stobo, on Fraxinus) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde & Loch Nethan; Kilmarnock, on Sorbus, 23 ix 1990). Recorded from Kergord, Shetland, N. Walls, Orkney, Arran, Mull and Ulva. Often recorded as Pholiota spectabilis and noted as such in Stevenson for Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray, Clyde and Ross and in Add. 8. from Solway. Material in E so labelled from Dee (Aberdeen, 14 ix 1993), Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., on Fagus, 12 x 1961; Denholme Grove, Edinb., on Syringa, 30 viii 1961; Newbattle, on Quercus, 10 x 1961; Gladsmuir, 24 ix 1972; Queensferry Rd., Edinb., on Ulmus, 6 ix 1986). A collection from Duglishaw, Oct. 1830 labelled Ag. aureus in the Klotzsch Herb. in E belongs here; also on Salix W. Baird, 30 x 1871. There has been confusion between the present species and Phaeolepiota; see Reid TBMS for discussion of these early records.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. bellulus Single record on wood Brodick Castle, Arran, ix 1981.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. hybridus On conifer branches. Noted from Forth (Saltoun, 17 viii 1954; Selmuir, 17 x 1965), Tweed (Dawyck, 13 xi 2001), Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 25 xi 1967) and Clyde (Chatelherault). Noted for Tay and Moray in Stevenson. Sometimes considered purely a form of G. penetrans with well-developed veil.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. sapineus (Scaly Rustgill) On conifer wood. Known from Forth (Bolton Muir Wd., 18 ix 1952; Saltoun, x 1938 ex Rupert Smith), Argylle (Dorlin,Dennis 1951), Moray (Abernethy, 9 ix 1985 & 25 viii 2005; Uath Lochan, 24 viii 2005; Aviemore ix 1938, Wm. Young) and Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 29 ix 1956). In Stevenson recorded from Tay, Dee and Moray and in Add. 1 from Clyde. Some records probably include G. penetrans as one from Clyde (Chatelherault) and re-assessment should be carried out.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. penetrans (Common Rustgill) On coniferous debris, twigs and branches, although in native Scots pine woods; especially commonly found in plantations; very occasionally on Betula and Alnus. Common and widespread. Known from Forth (Lothians), Moray (Abernethy, Glenmore Forest Pk, Uath Lochan 20-25 viii 2005; Loch an Eilean, 8 ix 1957 &15 ix 2001 & 22 viii 2005; Tomich, 28 viii 1957 ), Tay (Straloch, 29 viii 1985; Birnham, 10 ix 1999; Rannoch, 4 ix 1963; Den of Airlie, Angus, 3 ix 1982), Sutherland (Loch More dennis, 1955), Tweed (Glentress, 11 viii 1954; South Wd., Peebles, 3 x 1981) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde, Blantyre etc.). Noted for N. Hoy, and Binscarth Orkney, Skye and Mull. Confused with G. sapineus for which many records really apply here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. flavus Single recent record from Tay (Tentsmuir, 18 x 2003)
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. fulgens On peaty soils on moorland and heaths, and amongst Empetrum. Known from Sutherland (Tongue, Dennis, 1955), Moray (Abernethy, in Sphagnum, 9 ix 1996; Braeriach, on bare peat, 762.5 m., 12 ix 1957) and Dee (Cairnwell, 8 ix 1984) Also recorded from wind swept moors Whalsay, Shetland and Foula, Kintra, Mull and N. Hoy and Eday - both Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. stabilis On conifer debris. Known from Dee (Dinnett, 29 ix 1962). An immature collection possibly of this species from Biscarth, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. dilepis Undoubtedly introduced. Found in potted plant. Forth (brought in with potted plant, Edinburgh.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. clavata In mossy grassland, pastures and lawns. Recorded from Forth (Hopetoun Hse., 14 x 1982 & 5 x 2001; Doune Ponds, 14 x 1990; Menstrie Glen, 11 x 1981; Dunfermline, 31 x 1976), Tweed (Dawyck, 14 ix 2001), Moray (Loch Morlich, 3 vi 1953), Clyde (Kintyre) and Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 2 x 1965 & 11 ix 1974; Kindrogan, 20 viii 1995). Also many loclaities throughout Shetland, Stromness Stronsay & Graemsay, Orkney, Arran, St Kilda, Harris, Skye and Mull. Many records as G. heterocystis but this refers to a rather different fungus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. laevis On lawns and in pastures amongst moss. Recorded from Forth (Aberlady, 12 xi 1966; Dirleton, 7 xii 1960) and Tay (Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2001). Also known fromYell and Papa Stour both Shetland, St Kilda Skye and Mull. Many records as G. graminea.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. stordalii On peaty grass-slopes. Known from Clyde (Ben Lomond, 28 vii 1991), Moray (Abernethy, 3 ix 1995 as G. dimorphocystis) and Tay (Glen Lochay, 1 vii 200). Also material from East Burra, Shetland and Foula, and several sites on Orkney including Eday.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. subclavata Unimproved grassland and margins to woodland. Known from Forth (Devilla Wd., Fife, 1 vi 2003) and from Eday, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. calyptrata Amongst moss, generally in moss cushions in thickets and moorland beside tracks even at higher altitudes. Known from Forth (Ceres, Fife, 19 x 2003), Argylle (Pap of Glencoe, 18 viii 1987), Tay (Black Wd. Rannoch, 22 v 1972; Ben Vrackie, 22 viii 1981; Ben Lawers, 3 ix 1983; Kindrogan 18 viii 1967), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 2 ix 1960 & 26 viii 1965; Creag Dubh, under Alnus, 23 viii 2005) and Tweed (Kerrcleugh, Selkirk. 14 viii 1960). Known from St Kilda, Mull & Ulva, Muckle Roe and Mainland Shetland and Foula, N. Hoy, S. Ronaldsay and Mainland Orkney. Common and often lumped with G. hypnorum q.v. from which it differs in brighter colours, greater development of veil and broader cheilocystidia; see Orton TBMS 1960. Type material from Devon, England in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. cerina On track, Finstown, Orkney and on peaty soil Ward Hill, Fair Isle, as var. longicystis.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. phillipsii On burnt peaty soil. Known from Forth (Slipperfield, 7 ix 2003) and Moray (Abernethy, 13 ix 1988).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. allospora In Sphagnum covering ditch Tay (Forest of Alyth, 16 x 1973). Also as G. luteofulva from Tay (Dall, 20 x 1977 & Kinloch Rannoch, 7 x 1973; Loch Rannoch, 29 x 1966). Described by Orton (1960) from Blea Moor, Yorks. England; type in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. ampullacaeocystis On old conifer wood. Described from Moray (Tomich) by Orton (1960) - type in E. Also recorded from Forth (Beinan Forest, Dumfries, 24 v 1986), Moray (Abernethy, 24 viii 1968 & 4 vi 1972) and Tay (Hermitage, 22 v 2003; Black Wd., Rannoch, 20 ix 1960); known from Kergord, Shetland. Records as G. pseudocamerina include Moray (Abernethy, 30 viii 1969) and Tay (Forest of Alyth, on exposed bronze age Pinus stump, 16 viii 1972). A collection from Dee (Cairnwell, on mossy hill-side, 7 ix 1975) would appear to be something different from the habitat alone.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. cephalotricha A collection agreeing in part with this found in Moray (Loch an Eilean, 15 ix 2001).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. cinctula Redescribed by Orton (1960) based on material from Moray (Glen Einich, Aviemore in E). Also a collection from Solway (Newton Stewart, 28 v 1984).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. embolus In Stevenson as ‘ on moor ground, Glamis’ – Tay.
TFTaDM?SSoCAR G. harrisonii In mosses often in montane areas. In Oligotrichum hercynicum, Rhum as Flammulaster harrisonii – type in K; see Dennis Kew Bull. 19 (1964). Many collections in E labelled G. antheliae, which was a widely used name. On peaty soil with sparse moss covering at high altitudes, often on wind-swept montane shoulders with Salix herbacea. Known from Moray (Cairngorm near summit, 10 ix 1984;Glen Affric, with S. herbacea, 7 ix 1988; Creag Megahidh, with S. herbacea and Rhacomitrium, 4 ix 2003, Beinn Ghlas, 29 viii 1987 (no Salix present) and Monadhileath, with Nadia & Oligitrichum, 14 vii 1983), Tay (Ghlas Mhaol, with S. herbacea, 20 vii 1985; Ben Lawers, 29 viii 1981 and 8 & 29 viii 1987) and Argylle (Ben Lomond, 28 vii 1991). A collection fromTresta, Shetland recorded as this species differs in its spore-morphology. Possibly as Galerina sp, with Alicularia scalaris 610m Dennis, 1955 from Ben Loyal – Sutherland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. hypnorum (Moss Bell) In moss tussocks and cushions; common although not always distinguished especiially in early literature from other small bryophilous species. Recorded from Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, in Polytrichum, 305m., 22 xi 1953), Tweed (Whitecombe, Moffat, 610m., 25 ix 1959 ), Clyde ( Falls of Clyde, Cleghorn Glen,L. Nethan), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Sutherland (Druim na h Uamha Mnoire Balfour-Browne `1951), Ross (Shieldaig & Applecross Dennis, 1948), Argylle Dorlin, Dennis 1951) and Tay (Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2001; St Andrews, 28 x 1956; Ben Vrackie, 22 viii 1987) . Also known from St Kilda, Barra, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Arran, Mull, Gigha and common throughout Mainland and major isles of Shetland and Foula and Out Skerreis; also N. Hoy and St Ola Orkney. In Stevenson noted for all Watersheds except Sutherland and Solway but the latter added in Add. 8. G. calyptrospora is considered a form with accentuated perispore; single record under this name from Rothiemurchus, 26 viii 1955 - Moray. G. sahleri from moorland soils, Eigg and Muckle Roe, Shetland probably belongs here and from Rhum Dennis, 1955.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. hypophaea . Known from some Scottish mountains including with Salix herbacea Tay (Ben Vrackie) and Forth (Dunyart, Menstrie, 11 x 1981). Single record supported by material from Stromness Mainland Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. jaapii Boggy areas and margins of silting lochans and lochs. Known from Tay (Stormont Loch, Blairgowrie, 31 viii 1955; Kindrogan, 7 ix 1981), Moray (Rothiemurchus, 28 ix 1955; Tomich, 24 viii 1964; Loch Loy, 25 ix 1955; Loch Pityoulish, 28 viii -1 ix 1955), Dee (Glentanar, 7 ix 1955) and Forth (Thruipmuir, 8 ix 1955 & 8 vi 1959). All recorded as the synonym G. mycenoides. Known from in Sphagnum and wet grassy areas Hobbister, Orkney and from between Lochs Foda and Leathan, Skye, 17 viii 1980 - also recorded as G. mycenoides
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. mniophila In mossy grassland often in montane communities. Known from Forth (Saltoun Wd., Pencaitland, 5 x 1954), Sutherland (Ben Loyal, 456m. Dennis, 1955), Tay (Ben Lawers, 700m., 1 ix 1957, Glas Mhaol, 915m, 15 viii 1958 & 28 ix 1962), Ross (Beinn Eighe, 835m., 24 ix 1956; Bealach nan Bha, Kishorn, 1015m., 13 v 1959; Ben Wyvis, 9 ix 1963), Solway (Glen Ccairn, 1 x 2000), Dee (Cairnwell, 764m., 29 ix 1963) and Moray (Beinn Ghlas, 610m., 5 viii 1958 and in Salix herbacea bed, Creag Megaidh, 4 ix 2003). Also recorded from Foula, St Kilda, Harris, Skye, Mull and Colonsay, and from N. Hoy, Eday and Stromness, Mainland Orkney. In Stevenson recorded from Rannoch - Tay with description– Dr Buchanan White.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. paludosa (Bog Bell) Widespread in boggy areas especially amongst Sphagnum often quite early in year. Known from Sutherland (Tongue, Dennis, 1955), Argylle (Stobh Garbh 762m., 17 v 1961; Glen Coe, v 1966 A.Grierson), Solway (Newton Stewart, 28 v 1986), Tweed (Annanland nr. Moffat, 20 vi 1988; Devil’s Beef Tub, Moffat, 20 vi 1986; Whitecombe, 11 viii 1984); Tay (Glen Lochay, 15 vi 1962 & 1 vii 2001;Tarmachan, 550m., 27 vi 1964 & 6 vi 1969; Rannoch Moor, 15 vi 1976; Dall, Rannoch, 17 vi 1970; Forest of Alyth, 16 & 22 viii 1972; Ben Lawers, 3 ix 1983; Schiehallion, 2 vii 2000), Moray (Abernethy, 2 & 9 ix 1969 & 23 viii 2005; Tomich, 10 ix 1969; also Curr Wd., Uath Lochan, Loch an Eilean and Meall a’ Bhuachaille, 23 –26 viii 2005; Beinn Ghlas, 17 vi 1964), Forth (Balerno, 2 vi 1952; Dalmahoy; 7 vi 1954) and Ross (Loch Maree, 20 vii 1955). Many localities on Mainland and Island Shetland, e.g. Fetlar, Yell and Orkney incl. Hoy; also recorded from Arran, St. Kilda, N.Uist, S.Uist, Barra, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Mull, Iona, Colonsay and Gigha. Known from N.Hoy and from Hobbister, Orkney. Single collection in Hartley Hse., RBGdn., Edinb. fruiting with Drosera planted in locally sourced Sphagnum, iv 1973 - Forth. In Stevenson noted from Rannoch - Tay by Dr. Buchanan White as Ag. (Tubaria); in Add. 1 Moray is added to the list.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. permixta On marshy ground or dried –up pools in willow carrs and with montane dwarf willows. As Naucoria permixta from Tay (Ben Lawers, with Salix herbacea, 1,127m., 4 vii 1963). Also as Naucoria cephalescens P.D.Orton from Forth (Ochteryre Moss nr. Stirling, edge of bog, 6 ix 1980. Types of both Naucoria permixta from Devon and N. cephalescens from Surrey are both in E. There is some confusion over these epithets as herbarium material is at odds with the characters of Naucoria but also the collections do not agree fully with the type descriptions.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. pseudomniophila In heathy areas with short mossy turf often in montane communities. Collections from Tweed (Dawyck, 3 xii 2001), Moray (Glen Affric, 7 ix 1988), Dee (Cairnwell, 15 viii 1981), Ross (Mullach a’Ghlas-thuill, Inverness-shire, 22 viii 1981), Sutherland (Ben Hope, 7 ix 1979) and Tay (Ben Vrackie, 22 viii 1981). Found on Mainland Shetland, Fair Isles and Foula, S. Ronladsay and Stromness, Mainland Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. pseudotundrae On peaty soil. Both records from northern islnads, viz.. Out Skerries amongst Salix repens and three localities on Mainland Orkney incl. Brodgar circle.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. pumila (Dwarf bell) In mossy pastures and moss cushions. Recorded from Tweed (Dawyck, 4 x 1999 - 13 x 2003), Argylle (Ben Lomond, 28 vii 1981), Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 22 xi 1953) Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 21 v 2003; Ben Lawers, 793m., 1 ix 1957; Cairnlochan, Angus, 25 vi 1966.), Ross (Beinn Eighe, 311m., 24 ix 1956; Bealach nan Bho, Kishorn, 976m., 13 x 1959), Moray (Uath Lochan, 24 viii 2005), Clyde (Cleghorn Glen, Falls of Clyde, L. Nethan), Solway (Glen Trool, 24 v 1986; Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Sutherland (Borgie Bridge Dennis, 1955) and Moray (Beinn Ghlas, in Rhacomitrium 793m., 5 viii 1958). Also known from. Bressay, Fetlar, Noss and Mainland sites - all Shetland, Arran, St. Kilda, Barra, Skye, Mull, Ulva, Colonsay and N. Hoy, Westray and Stromness, Mainland Orkney. The majority of records appear as the widespread synonym G. mycenopsis.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. septentrionalis Recently added to the British list in Sphagnum and Polytrichium beds. Found at Moray (Abernethy, 5 ix 1989 & 3 ix 1991) and Argylle (Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2001).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. sideroides On old fallen conifer branches and logs. Recorded from Sutherland (Borgie Forest, ix 1964) and Salen, Mull 12 x 1969. Also in Stevenson from Glamis - Tay
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. sphagnorum In Sphagnum. Known from Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno, 17 vi 1960), Sutherland (Ben Hope, 16 vii 1988; Tongue, Dennis, 1955), Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 8 x 1967 & 5 x 1975; Balquihidder, 24 vi 1967; Ben Lawers, 3 ix 1983; Ben Vrackie, margin of small lochan before summit, 7 vii 1990), Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005) and Ross (Loch Eriboll, 13 v 1985). Also known from Yell, Voxter, Unst - all Shetland and Foula, N. Hoy and Hobbister, Orkney, St Kilda, S.Uist, Arran, Rhum and Mull. A collection in Sphagnum found in Orchid Hse, RBG Edinb. 1 vii 1982 undoubtedly accidentally introduced with local moss used for potting.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. stylifera Amongst conifer debris, Picea debris. Only recently added to the British list by Orton (1976) based on material from Tay (Dall, 17 x 1968) in E. Known from Solway (Forest of Ae, 12 x 1985) and from Kergord, Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. subcerina On mossy soil. Mingulay; also records from Kergord, Shetland and Fair Isle.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. triscopa Single collection in E from Moray (Aviemore, 13 ix 1927).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. terrestris On peat soil amongst moss. Known from Tay (Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2001). Also records from Unst and in fixed sand-dune Quendale all Shetland, in addition to Deerness Orkney. Collections agreeing in part with the present taxon known from Foula and from Salix repens beds on Sanday, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. tibiicystis In Sphagnum. Recorded for Argylle (Loch Sunart, Dennis, 1955), Tay (Forest of Alyth, 16 viii 1972; Rannoch, 28 viii 1954; Camghouran, 16 vii 1967; Glen Lochay, 1 vii 2001), Moray (Plodda Glen Affric, 22 viii 1955; Tomich, 7 vii 1970; Curr Wd., 26 viii 2005; Loch an Eilean, 22 viii 2005) and Tweed (Whitecombe, Moffat, 610m., 25 vii 1957). Also from Foula, Fetlar, Unst and several Mainland sites, Shetland, St Kilda, S.Uist, Mingulay, Rhum and Mull; single record from N. Walls, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. tundrae A collection in mossy grassland on Iris foetidus rhizome, St Kilda resembles this taxon fide C. Bas, Leiden.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. uncialis Single record of collection in part agreeing with this taxon; Solway (Castle Kennedy, 23 v 1986).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. viscidula In boggy areas in native pine woods. Known from Tay (Dall, 30 v 1967; Loch Rannoch, 20 viii 1966) and Moray (Loch an Eilean, 2 ix 1960-21 viii 1961; Abernethy, 12 ix 1987 in holotype in E; Abernethy, 25 ix 1982 & 18 ix 2006. Described by Orton TBMS (1988).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. autumnalis On conifer wood, Kergord, Shetland. Only recently added to British List rom various places in England; see Orton (1976). Considered by some purely to be a form of G. marginata which is itself a complex!
TFTaDMSSoCARG. badipes Known from Forth (Thruipmuir, Balerno,19 viii 1957) and Tay (Dall, 3 x 1965 thru’ 30 x 1976; Black Wd., Rannoch, 16 x 1971). Also recorded as G. cedretorum on fish boxes Yell, Shetland and on woody debris in Fern Hse. RBG Edinb., 30 viii 1988.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. helvoliceps A single collection agreeing in part with this taxon has been located in Salix repens beds at Burravoe Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. praticola In acidic pasture. Known from Forth (Bavelaw, 9 x 1960; Vane Farm, Kinross, 20 ix 1967) and Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 x 2002). Widespread on St Kilda and Mull, Orkney, Shetland incl. Muckle Roe, Yell, Fetlar, Hascosay and Unst.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. pseudomycenopsis Widspread on Shetland and associated islands and known from several sites on Mainland Orkney incl. Sanday and S. Ronaldsay with the development of gasteroid form in Deerness, Orkney population; see Watling & Martin Bot. J. Scotl.. Records of G. moelleri & G. pseudopumila refer here. Records as G. pseudopumila on mossy grassland Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 26-29 viii 1954; Dalreach, 4 ix 1982) and Moray (Aviemore, 1,200m., 14 ix 1966); in plant pot, Forth ( Mortonhall, 10 xii 2004). Collections from Eday, Orkney and from Papa Stour, Shetland. As G. moelleri noted from Papa Stour, Shetland and Sutherland (Bettyhill, ix 1964). G. pumila var. subferruginea from Tay (St Andrews) may belong here. This is Ag. (Pholiota) pumila in Add. 4 of Stevenson and recorded for Roxburgh (Tweed) by Rev. David Paul and from Moray (Grantown by Rev. J. Keith)
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. marginata (Funeral Bell) On rotten, mossy wood although terrestrial forms are said to occur and then approaches G. pseudomycenopsis in characters. The latter have been referred to G. unicolor with records on Pinus sylvestris stump from Sutherland (Borgie Dennis, 1955), Ross (Loch Maree, 20 ix 1956); see below. On wood Forth (Lothians), Clyde (Crieinch, Dunbartonshire, 5 ix 1980), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 11 ix 1957; also 27 ix 1955 & 11 ix 1957) and Tay (Camghouran, 3 x 1965; Dall, 4 xi 1967 thru’ 16 x 1971); also Elvie and Binscarth, Mainland Orkney. Many records as G. unicolor. e.g. probably all Lothian records. Recorded in Stevenson as Pholiota for Tay & Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. riparia In peat Forth (in Temp. Palm Hse, RBGdn. Edinb., 20 i 1967). Undoubtedly introduced.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. subochracea Two collections from Forth (Demonstration Gdn., RBGdn.Edinb., 27 viii 1963 and sent in from ‘Sick Kids’ hospital, Edinburgh, 15 ix 2000 in a case of suspected poisoning.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. unicolor In the sense of Kühner on peaty soil. Records from Sutherland (Bettyhill, ix 1964). Also collections frtom St Kilda, Rhum, Unst, Skye and Fetlar, Yell, Papa Stour and Buravoe - all Shetland; noted for Harris and Mull.. In the sense of Gulden material from Papa Stour and prob. specimens from Stromness, Orkney. As G. cf. unicolor known from Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 10 x 1965; Dall, 9-12 x 1968).
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. atkinsoniana In mossy graasland. Known from Moray (Abernethy, 23 viii 2005) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde). Also recorded from Out Skerries, Shetland and Coire Garbhlach, 28 viii 2003 – localise record.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. murcellospora Amongst grass Sutherland (Tongue and Loch na Gainimh & Ben Hope 762m Dennis, 1955) and Burraforth, Yell, Shetland
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. subannulata Single record; Shetland 13 ix 1985.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. vittaeformis (Hairy Leg Bell) On mossy soil, in mossy grassland, road margins, forest rides etc. widespread and common. Known from Tay (Ben Vrackie, 22 viii 1981; Glen Isla, 25 vi 1966; Straloch, 16 viii 1978; Ghlas Mhaol, 20 vii 1985; Ben Lawers, 792m., 11 ix 1957 & 5 viii 1958), Ross (Ben Wyvis, 8 ix 1963), Tweed (Whitecombe, 25 vii 1957), Moray (Glen Affric, 7 ix 1988), Argylle (Glen Orchy, 6 vii 1985), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Clyde (Blantyre, Falls of Clyde, L. Nethan & Kintyre) and Forth (Bavelaw, 9 x 1960). Common throughout Shetland and Orkney with many records incl. islands, e.g. Papa Westray, Hoy, Unst, East Burra, Muckle Roe and Foula. Known from St Kilda, Lewis, Harris, Colonsay, Skye, Rhum and Mull. Many records under the synonym G. rubiginosa. Generally 2-spored but a 4-spored population has been located on Fetlar, 26 x 1984. F. bispora has been collected in Forth (New Hailes, 3 ii 2008)
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. hiemansii Probably all records associated with anthropogenic disturbance but undoubtedly introduced. Known from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. Block 6 with Bursera 12 - 26 ii 1981, Ginger Hse., 21 iv 1981 & in pot with Allamanda diniana, 7 iv 1981) and Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 22 v 1972; BGdn. St. Andrews, 8 xii 1965). On soil in Manse Garedn, Voxter, Shetland
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. nana On mossy carpets; also found undoubtedly introduced in glasshouses. Known from Clyde (Glasgow BGdn., in pot of Picea sent from Swindon, 10 x 1997), Forth (mossy bank under Fagus, Bavelaw, Balerno, 9 x 1960; RBGdn., Edinb. viz. Temp. Hse., in Irish peat, 18 xii 1972, Seed pan, 20 iv 1962, in pot of Cephalotaxus wilsoniana, Hartley Hse., x 1980, in Osmunda fibre, 3 iii 1963, in hanging basket, 2 iii 1963 and on Polypodium, 13 xii 1988; in pot of Pelargonium, Blinkbonny, Edinb., ix 1985). On mossy wood, Mull
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. steglichii On potting compost Forth (in pot of Carica hastata, v 1981, RBGdn., Edinb. - undoubtedly introduced); see Watling BSMF 2004.
TFTaDMSSoCAR G. clavus Single record from Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 21 v 2003). Otherwise only known from single collection in Southern England. Material requires examination.
G. indusiata n.p. Material from Tay (Dall, 28 x 1961 & 22 xi 1966; Loch Rannoch, 14 -31 x 1964).
G. longicystis n.p. In Sphagnum. Abernethy, 9-10 ix 1995. This is not G. cerina var. longicystis.
G. sideriopsis n.p. Single collection from Tay (Dall, 5 xi 1978).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. radicosum (Rotting Poisonpie) In broad-leaved and mixed woodland; indicated as being associated with mammal latrines and burrows. Known from Tay (Standing Stones, Kirkmichael, 22 ix 1979; Blair Atholl, 27 viii 1968; Birks of Aberfeldy, ix 2008), Forth (Lothians), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 11 ix 1957; Craigellachie, 21 viii 2005; Aberfoyle, 3 ix 1978), Dee (Castle Fraser, Aberdeen, 22 ix 1992; Morone Wd., Braemar) and Solway (Thornhill, Dumfries, 23 ix 1994). In Stevenson Add. 1 recorded from Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. anthracophilum Sites of old bonefires in woodlands. Known from, Moray (Loch an Eilean, 13 ix 1957), Clyde (Ben More BGdn., 6 ix 1963), Forth (Lothians) and Tay (Glen Lyon, 30 ix 1961) and collection probably referrable here from Torrinch, Loch Lomond. Known from Mull
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. atrobrunneum Single record from Hobbister, Orkney,
TFTadMSSoCAR H. candidpes A collection from Tweed (Dawyck, 5 viii 2000) mainly agreed with this taxon.
TFTadMSSoCAR H. collariatum Records of H. versipelle probably refer here. Known from Moray (Rothiemurchus, in Sphagnum, 27 viii 1955) and Tay (Loch Rannoch, 28 viii 1954) and Hoy. Collection from Moray (Culbin Sands, 9 ix 1967) might also belong here. Perhaps collections in Stevenson under Ag (Hebeloma) versipelle and from Moray and Tweed belong here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. cylindrosporum Known only from native pinewood in Moray (Abernethy, 2-5 ix 2985) and Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 15 x 1977); see Orton (RBGE Notes, 1987)
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. kuehneri Single collection from Hobbister, Orkney with Salix aurita.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. marginatulum With Salix herbacea Dee (Cairnwell, 8 ix 1984).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. mesophaeum (Veiled Posionpie) In mixed woods often with Salices or Betula. Known from Moray (Dall, Aviemore, 15 ix 1971; Loch an Eilean, 8 ix 1957; with Arctostaphylos, Newtonmore, 4 ix 2000) and Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in pot with Abies faberi ssp. minervis, 19 ix 1984 & 3 viii 1989; Limekilns, Dumfries; Blinkbonny, Edinburgh, 28 x 1980 thru’ 15 xii 1997; with Salix alba, Livingston, 24 x 1990; Doune Ponds, 22 x 1995). Also records from Mull, Orkney and Shetland. In pine woods Tweed and Moray in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. sordescens Known from Tweed (Dawyck, with Betula, 30 ix 2001 & Corylus 3 ix 2008) and Orkney. As H. testaceum recorded from Moray (Aigas, Beauly, 28 ix 1985; Loch an Eilean, 11 ix 1957) and Sutherland (Tongue Dennis, 1955). Perhaps collections under Ag. (Hebeloma) testaceum in
Stevenson from Tay, Dee and Moray belong here.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. sordidum As H. mesophaeum var. crassipes. Labelled H. fastibile from Clyde (Finnart) and Tay (Rannoch, 24 ix 1962). A collection agreeing in part with this taxon found at Moray (Culbin Sands, 9 ix 1963). Also as H. strophosum known from Tay (Kindrogan, 25 ix 1979), Forth (Cramond, 1 x 1975) and Moray (Abernethy, 14 ix 1988 & 14 ix 1995), Shetland and Orkney. It might even be suggested that collections as Ag. fastibile in Stevenson from Tay, Dee and Moray belong here as could Ag. clavipes with description from Tay (Glamis and Killin) in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. alpinum Material agreeing in part with this is known from West Burra, Shetland with Salix repens.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. arenosa Probably introduced with planting material. Known with Tay (Ledmore, Forestry Comm. nursery, 22 ix 1990) and with Pinus contorta Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. birrus Single collection as H. spoliatum from Tay (Black Spout Wd., Pitlochry, 1 ix 1985) and as H. pumilum Forth (Carberry Tower, Midlothian, 11 x 2003; Doune Ponds, 14 x 1990) and in plantation, Hoy , Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. circinans A collection referrable here known from Moray (Loch an Eilean, 25 viii 1961).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. crustuliniforme (Poison pie) Widespread in mixed woodland and in copses but frequently misidentified and material needs re-assessment. Known from Tweed (Dawyck with Betula, 14 ix 1994), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Ross (Loch Torridon, Dennis 1948), Forth (with Salix fragilis, S. alba & S. caprea, Livingston; Cramond, under Betula; RBGdn. Edinb., Rock Gdn,., 25 viii 1962,New nursery, with Betula, 14 ix 1970 & Cryptogamic Gdn., with willows and birch, 22 ix 1993; Blinkbonny Edinb., 20 ix 1984), Clyde ( Falls of Clyde, Chatelherault & L. Nethan; Hamilton, 4 x 1981), and Moray (Plodda, 1 ix 1957; Rothiemurchus, 28 viii 1957, Elgin, 14 viii 1966; Glenmore Forest Pk.,& Lodge, 22 & 19 respectively viii 2005; Tulloch, 3 ix 1971). Also recorded from Orkney, Shetland, Mull, Arran and Colonsay. In Stevenson recorded for Tweed, Forth, Tay, Moray and Clyde
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. fragilipes Collections from Forth (Northern Res. Station, Forestry Comm., under Picea sitchensis, 6 x 1981; The Bush Est., Penicuik under Pinus; Waters of Leith, Edinb., 31 x 1976) and Clyde (Chatelherault; Hamilton, 4 x 1981). Skye and from Orkney. Material determined as H. hiemale probably belongs here. Collections with Salicales agreeing mainly with H. hiemale noted for Orkney, St Kilda, Rhum and Westray; also Shetland
TFTadMSSoCAR H. fusisporum Single record with Salix repens, Yeasnaby Orkney, 23 ix 1990..
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. groegeri Under Betula as H. gigaspermum Tweed (Dawyck, 5 viii 2000 & 28 ix 2003).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. helodes Kintyre and possibly this taxon with Salix repens Papa Westray, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. hieteri Recorded as H. tomentosum from Forth (Doune Ponds, 13 & 14 x 1990) and Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005).
TFTaDMSSoCAR ?H. ingratum Collection from Tweed (Dawyck, with Fagus, 30 ix 2001) possibly is related to this taxon
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. lateritium Collections labelled H. cavipes & H. colossus from the same site in Forth (Blinkbonny, Edinb., with Betula, 28 x 1980 & 25 x 1982 is more correctly assigned here. Records from Skye and Mull as H. sinuosum
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. leucosarx In wet woodlands usually with Salicales or Betula described by Orton from Scotland (Orton, 1960). Known from Tweed (Dawyck, 4 viii 2000; Blackpool Moss nr., Selkirk, 3 x 1979), Forth (Limekilns, Dunfermline, 12 x 1997; Doune Ponds, 7 x 2003; Blinkbonny, Edinb., 14 x 1991: RBGdn., Edinb., poss. Rock Gdn., vi 1962 & Cryptogamic Gdn., 22 ix 1993), Tay (Dalreach, Enochdhu, 6 ix 1984 with Alnus; Loch Rannoch, 25 x 1964), Dee (Loch Skene, 25 viii 1962),Clyde (Chatelherault) and Moray (Loch Loy, 25 ix 1955 – type in E). Known from Orkney, Shetland and Mull and from Barra and Skye as H. longicaudum probably refer here but see H. incarnatulum below. Those records in Stevenson from Moray (Darnaway and Sanquhar etc.) and collected by Rev. Keith and Ag. elatus collected in Perth – Tay by Dr. Buchanan White and recorded with description may belong here. H. incarnatulum recently recorded from Moray (Curr Wd) belongs here. Has been confused with H. longicaudum, generally considered a synonym of H. leucosarx q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. oculatum Collections from Tweed (Dawyck, 22 & 26 ix 2002).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. pusillum In wet woodlands with Salicales. Known from Forth (Doune Ponds, 15 viii 1990 & 14 x 1994) and Orkney. Also var. longisporum from Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. populinum Single records each from Tay (Balnaguard, 22 ix 1979) and Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005); also a similar taxon with Salix repens on Out Skerries, Shetland
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. pseudoamarescens As H. funariophilum recorded from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., 4 x 1991), Moray (Abernethy, 7 ix 1989) and Dee (Braemar).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. sacchariolens (Sweet Poisonpie) In shrubberies and mixed woods, although many collections may be H. pallidoluctuosum. Known from Tay (Enochdu, 6 ix 1984), Moray (Darnaway, 24 ix 1955; Coylum Bridge, Aviemore, 10 ix 1984) and Forth (Inverleith Park, Edinb., 10 ix 1964). Also records from Portree, Skye, x 1984, from Aros Wd., Mull and Ulva; also Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. sinapizans (Bitter Poisonpie) In mixed woodland. Known from Ross (Tornapress, Appelcross, 15 ix 1963) and Dee (Morrone Wd., Braemar, 24 ix 1979) and from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. theobrominum two collections one from Tay (Moulin Hall, 20 viii 1973) and another possible collection from Dee (Glen Tanar, 26 viii 1992).
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. vaccinum A collection from Papa Westray, Orkney with Salix repens might belong here as does material labelled H. lutense from same locality.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. velutipes Known from Hobbister, Orkney with Salicales and from Moray (Granton on Spey, 26 viii 2005).
Ag. (Hebeloma) capniocephalus is recorded from Tay (Glamis, 1876) and although introduced in Stevenson with a description it is difficult to ascertain to which species of Hebeloma it refers.
H. fulvocinnamomeum Orton n.prov. Collection from Dall, Aviemore, 11 ix 1974.
H. luteovelatum Orton n.prov. Collection from Rannoch, 22 x 1978 – Tay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. alnetorum On damp soil in fens and alder carrs associated with Alnus. Known from Moray (Loch Loy, Nairn, 25 ix 1955), Tay (Rannoch, 20 viii 1966; Straloch, 18 viii 1978) and from Rhum. A collection agreeing in part with this species from Tay (Kinloch Rannoch, 17 ix 1971). This latter collection may agree with N. celluloderma P.D.Orton, which is considered the same and has been found in Moray (Tomich, 31 viii 1971) and on Mull. Type of N. celluloderma from Herefordshire in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. amarescens On soil or burnt ground in deciduous woodlands. Known from Tay (Kindrogan, 7 vi 1969) and Forth (Waters of Leith, 31 x 1971). Also from Rhum and in field in disturbed area, Birsay, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. badiolateritia On damp soil under Salicales etc., in mixed deciduous woodland. Known from Moray (Abernethy, 14 iv 1994). Type from Norfolk in E. It is suggested that this may only be N. salicis.q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. escharoides (Ochre Aldercap) Under Alnus in bogs, ditches and wet roadside verges and in boggy woodland especially on flood plains. Known from Sutherland (Tongue Dennis, 1955), Solway (Moffat, 12 viii 1927), Argylle (Dorlin, Dennis 1951), Clyde (Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde etc.), Forth (Vane Farm, Kelty, 1 x 1983), Forth (Aberfoyle, 5 vii 1961), Tay (Camghouran, 4 x 1964; Black Wd., Rannoch, 22 x 1961; Loch Craiglush, Dunkeld, 18 ix 1957) and Moray (Creag Dubh, 23 viii 2005). Also records from Mull and Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. luteolofibrillosa On damp soil under Alnus. Two records from Tay (Glen Esk Gannochy, 4 ix 1952 & 12 ix 1953).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. pseudoscolecina Although described from England by D.A.Reid now considered a synonym of Alnicola umbrina and recorded from Moray (Glenmore Forest Pk., 23 viii 2005).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. scolecina In damp woodlands, fens and alder carrs associated with Alnus. Known from Tay (Kindrogan, 7 vi 1969, Tentsmuir, 18 x 2003), Clyde (Inchlonaig, Loch Lomond, 13 x 1975), Argyll (Corsehill, 11 x 2002), Moray (Tomich, 5 ix 1957) and Dee (Glen Tanar, 5 ix 19755). Also record from Mull.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. striatula (Striate Aldercap) On damp soil in alder carrs, associated with Alnus. Known from Clyde (Falls of Clyde), Tay (Black Wd., Rannoch, 22 x 1961), Moray (Tomich, 4 ix 1965) and Dee (Dunecht, 19 viii 1964); also from Colonsay and Arran. Type from Yorkshire in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. subconspersa on damp soil in boggy areas in deciduous woodland. Known from Sutherland (Borgie bridge, Dennis, 1955), Clyde (Falls of Clyde), Moray (Glen Affric - Badger Falls, 21 viii 1955; Plodda Falls, 19 ix 1956 - holotype in E). Single records from Orkney and from Kintyre.
TFTaDMSSoCAR ?N. suavis Collections in part agreeing with this species have been found in Tay (Loch Rannoch, 2 x 1965) and Moray (Glen Strathfarrer, 26 ix 1985).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. bohemica Widespread. On soil in damp woodlands often under Salicales. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, 13 ix 2004), Forth (Lothians), Moray (Meall Ghaordie 2 ix 2004 and Coire Cas, Cairngorm 15 viii 1984 both with Salix herbacea; Abernethy, 16 x 1987) and Tay (Camghouran, 17 vi 1970 & 15 ix 1970; Loch Rannoch, 18 vii 1967; Dall, 11-20 ix 1974, Ballantium, 29 viii 1976). Known from Mull and Orkney. Said to include N. rubriceps P.D.Orton, described from Norfolk – Type in E. (1984).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. clavuligeroides On damp soil under willows and Alnus. Known from under Salix on Orkney. Type from Norfolk in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. salicetorum In damp places in woodland with arborescent Salix sp. and Alnus. Known only from Tay (Tentsmuir, 18 ix 2003).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. salicis In damp places in woodlands usually with with Salix spp. or Alnus. Known from a ditch in Tay (Tentsmuir forest, 18 x 2003), Tweed (Blackpool Moss, 3 x 1979) and Forth (Doune Ponds, 14 x 1990). Type from Norfolk in E.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. sphagneti In bogs and damp woodlands amongst Sphagnum. Known from Moray (Loch an Eilean, 27-29 ix 1955 – hootype in E; Tomich, 23 viii 1964).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. spadicea On damp soil associated with Alnus. Single record from Hoy, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. tantilla Single record from Orkney.
N. ochraceocremea Orton n. prov. Collection from Tomich – Moray, 10-12 ix 1969.
N. sericella Orton n. prov. Collection from Tay (Ben Alder, 29 x 1965).