Cystoderma amianthinum
(cc) BY-NC Dave GenneyCoprinus s. stricto Surprisingly the type of the genus has been demonstrated anatomically to be very different from the rest of the inky caps and this has been supported by DNA studies; C. comatus and allies are related to Agaricus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. comatus Shaggy Inkcap – also known as Lawyer’s Wig Common and widespread in grass; fields and disturbed areas near habitation, central reservations of motorways, parks, gardens and shrubberies, posssibly arising from buried woody debris. Known from many sites throughout region Forth (Corstorphine, 2 ix 1964; Kings Pk; Eskbank, 30 ix 1976; Cramond Brig; Leith Docks, 2 x 1967; Bruntsfield, ix 1898 2 collections E Evans), Clyde (Falls of Clyde; L. Nethan) and Tweed (Dawyck, 30 viii 1990). Obviously under recorded when only voucher material is concerned, despite being probably known from all Watersheds. Also records for Foula., Arran, Islay & Skye. Recorded in Stevenson for all Watersheds except Ross and Sutherland. Two Klotzsch collections in E , ‘Common, May - Oct. 1830’ – prob. Clyde area.
TFTaDMSoCAR C. sterquilinus Genuinely rare; possibly southern in BI. Single recent record on dung from Mull. Single record from Tay (Glamis) in Stevenson.
Only three species recorded in Stevenson; undoubtedly many of the presently accepted taxa were included within the concept of A. campestris and A. arvensis. This appears to be a rather more southerly genus in the BI.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. altipes Recorded as A. aestivalis from Forth (Saltoun Big Wd., East Lothian; Swanston, 18 viii 1963) and Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 vi 1976 & East Lomond Hill, 6 v 1990). A collection probably of this taxon from under Picea Mull. Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. bernardii Along roadsides in grass verges. Records from Forth (Regular huge fruitings at Cramond Bridge, 2 xi 1995 thru’ 2 ix 1997; Ravelston, vii 1977 thru’ 25 vi 1989; RBGdn., Edinb. 29 v 1954) and Tweed (Coldstream, 6 vii 1990). Also recorded from Unst, Shetland. Included here are records as Ag. ingratus Forth ( RBGdn., Edinb., in glasshouse, xi 1971 & rock garden, 17 vi 1984).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. bisporus Cultivated Mushroom On compost and in shrubberies. The white cultivated form (A. hortenis) is widely grown in Scotland with farms ranging from Fetlar in Shetland to the Central Belt , e.g. Dumbreck’s of Falkland, and East Lothian. Records of wild or escaped populations from Forth (Pencaitland, 23 iv 1956; Comley Bank, 10 viii 1982 & 18 xi 1973; Inverleith, 23 ix 1981 & 18 vi 1990; Ravelston, 20 viii 1996; Currie, 9 ix 1994; Belgrave, 22 iv 1975 - all Edinb.; John Muir’s Co. Pk., Dunbar 17 vi 1975; Peniciuk, 19 viii 1984; RBGdn., Edinb., near old Alpine Hse., 25 x 1979 & 15 v 1986, in Herb. Border, 4 v 1993 & under Thuja standishii, 14 xi 1984) and Tay (nr. Dunkeld, 20 vi 1975). Recorded from Mull. The var. brunnescens is less popular although available in Scottish supermarkets and ? wild populations of this variety found in Forth (Cramond, 8 vi 1996). This is the mushroom of commerce; most of the Button mushrooms available in stores are now imported. Attacked by Cladobotryum dendroides Forth (Dalmeny, S. Queensferry, 28 xi 1994).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. bitorquis Recorded from Forth as A. eduilis and A. bitorquis (RBGdn., Edinb. beside cement path, viii 1997; Dean Village, viii 1975; Inverleith, 4 vii 1994); possible poison case with material collected at Dirleton, 3 viii 1992. A collection agreeing in part with this species has been found under floor boards 12 ix 1968 in Aberdeen - Dee. This is the Portobello mushroom of commerce and is widely available in Scottish supermarkets.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. bresadolianus Only known from Moray (Creag Far-leitre, in Caledonian forest, 24 viii 2005). This is Ag. radicatus s. Bresadola.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. campestris Field Mushroom In rich pastures, lawns and grasslands, even hill pastures; widespread and commoner in the west and Outer Islands. Recent material Forth (Gorgie Farm, Edinb., ix 1989, Balerno, Edinb., 19 ix 1984; Pencaitland, 12 ix 1976; Fintry hills, 27 v 1985; Alva Co. Pk., 8 x 1989), Dee (Forvie, 27 viii 1972; Cairnwell, with Salix herbacea, 8 ix 1984; Dinnett, 16 viii 1964), Sutherland ( Farr Bay, 23 ix 1970 thru’ 19 ix 1984), Tweed (Hirsel, 16 viii 1984), Tay (Balnaguard; Kirkmichael, 8 ix 1984), Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, roadside, 24 viii 2005) and Clyde (L. Lethan). Recorded from Mull, St Kilda, Barray, Mingulay, Rhum, Colonsay, Islay, Arran and Lismore. Also known from most major areas of Shetland including smaller islands and Mainland, Papa Westray, Sanday, Birsay and Stronsay in Orkney.
Known from all Watersheds in Stevenson but see note in introduction. The var. rufescens in Stevenson is not worthy of recognition. Old collections include material from RBGdn., Edinb. dated 1846 and material from Braid Hills, x 1878. In addition two collections in E from Klotzsch one dated August - October 1830, the other from Pinmore simply October 1830. Attacked by Cladosporium macrosporum Egilsay, 27 ix 1994
Var. squamulosus has been collected in Forth (Musselburgh, 10 vii 19900; var. fuscopilosellus is recorded from Forth (Loch Leven, 26 ix 1967) and var. equestris from Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. cupreobrunneus In pastures but probably overlooked; records from Clyde (Kintrye), Dee (Forvie, 10 ix 1975) and Forth (‘T’ Wood Pentalnds, 18 viii 1963). Recorded from Mingulay and Papa Stour and Muckle Roe in Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. devoniensis In sand in maritime situations; probably widespread in suitable sites along the coast. Forth (Aberlady, 8 x 1967), Sutherland (Invernaver, Savage, Field Mycol 9) and Tay (St Andrews, 2 x 1962).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. porphyrocephalus In pastures and grassland, probably widespread. Known from Kintyre - Clyde, Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005; Glenmore Lodge, 20 viii 2005), Sutherland (Ben Hope, 16 vii 1988) and Forth (Doune, 3 ix 1997). Known from Vatersay, Skye, Mull and Rhum and Eshaness, Mainland Shetland. Also recorded from Stromness, Yeasnaby and Firth on Orkney and close to the Cruan Tomb, 17 viii 1992.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. subperoantus In gardens with one record from coastal Salix repens beds, which possibly needs reassessment. Records from Forth (Orchard Brae, 30 vii 1973 & 11 x 1976 and Ravelston, Edinb.; in flower bed, 22 x 1984, West Gate, 21 ii 1974 and Students plots, x 1968 - both RBGdn., Edinb.) and Sutherland (Bettyhill with Salix repens, 21 ix 1984).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. benesii Probably genuinely rare. Single record as A. squamuliferus var. carolii from Moray (Evanston, x 1991).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. bohusii Uncommon; possibly more widspread in disturbed areas than records suggest. Three records from Forth. (in cold frames Saughton; Davidson Mains Pk., 12 ix 1991 & Vogrie Country Pk., 6 vi 2000- all Edinburgh)..
TFTADMSSoCAR A. depauperatus Rare; in pastures amongst Salix repens Gletness, Mainland and Fetlar in Shetland. Also known from similar communities in Sutherland (several sites about Bettyhill).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. fuscofibrillosus In pastures and on machair; widespread and not uncommon in island communities. Known from Tay (Loch Rannoch, 20 x 1966), Forth (Alva Woodland Pk., 23 viii 1989), Tweed (Dawyck, 25 x 1995) and Moray (Abernethy, 18 ix 1994; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005). Also known from Skye, Barra and Mainland, Noss in Shetland and from Yeasnaby, Mainland, Sanday and Papa Westray Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. impudicus Rare; in gardens. In garden Tresta, Mainland, Shetland. Recorded as A. variegans (= A. variegatus) from Tweed (Tweedknowe, Selkirk, 28 x 1982). Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. langei Scaly Wood mushroom Along roadsides and in woodland areas; also in shrubberies, woodland glades and broadleaved woods; not uncommon. Known from Moray (Abernethy, 1 ix 1972), Tweed (Hirsel, Coldstream, 16 viii 1986; Dawyck), Clyde (Chatelherault and Falles of Clyde) and Forth (Learmonth Gdns., Edinb. 17 viii 1963 & Blackhall 15 x 2006). As A. mediofuscus Tay (Loch Rannoch, 19 x 1964 ; Black Wd. of Rannoch, 31 x 1965). Known from Burra, Shetland and Lewis, Skye, Rhum and Mull. Also recorded from Hackness, S.Walls, Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. lanipes In disturbed areas; apparently uncommon. Known from Forth (Drummond Gdn., under shrubs, 24 viii 1975 & The Colonies, under Ulmus, 6 vi 1964 - both Edinburgh) and Moray (Tomich, 1 ix 1957).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. sylvaticus Blushing Wood Mushroom In shrubberies, along rides in conifer plantations and at woodland margins; quite common and widespread. Known from several sites in Forth (Blinkbonny Edinb., under Cryptomeria, 1 xi 2006), Dee (Pitmedden, 27 viii 1962), Moray (Rothiemurchus, 7 ix 1960; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005), Tweed (Dawyck, 10 xi 2002), Argyle (Younger Bot. Gdn., nr. Dunoon, 28 ix 1971) and Clyde (Chatelherault and Falls of Clyde); also recorded from Arran. Records from Skye, Rhum and Mull but not known from Northern Islands. Included here are records of A. haemiorrhoidarius.from Tweed (Dawyck, 4 x 2001), Moray (Tulloch, 3 ix 1972), Dee (Braemar, 7 ix 1982) and Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 19 ix 1967); recorded under this name from churchyard, under Chamaecyparis, Loch Spelve, Mull. As A. vinosobrunneus Clyde (Cleghorn Glen, in mixed deciduous woodland); this last fungus was described in 1960 from Norfolk and is said to be much brighter in colours. Only recorded fromTay and Dee by Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. varporarius Clustered Mushroom. Possibly unrecorded as quite widespread elsewhere in BI. Records from Forth (Hopetoun Hse., South Queensferry, 12 x 2002; Fife NO 326 007, 27 ix 1992). A collection close to this and named A. ? villaticus recorded from Tay (Dall, Rannoch, 20 ix 1978).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. arvensis Horse Mushroom In grasslands and pastures, gardens and at margins of woods; common and widespread.. Recorded from Sutherland (Glen Canisp, Balfour-Browne, 1951), Forth (Edinburgh, under Chamaecyparis, ix 1989; Arthur’s Seat, vi 1982; Buckingham Terrace, 2 viii 1979; Inverleith, 25 viii1987, Torphin Hill, 7 ix 1964; Braid Hills, 12 x 1971 - all Edinb.; South Queensferry, x 1991; Harlow Reservoir, 30 vii 1985; Aberlady, v 1976; RBGdn., Edinb. nursery, also elsewhere 2 vii 1982 & 26 vi - 2 viii 1990) and Tweed (Tweedmuir, 25 v 1991)., Also old record from Penicuik, x 1869. A specimen involved in suspected Glasgow poisoning, 10 xi 1977 - Clyde. Confirmed records are known from Rhum, Mull, Colonsay and Oronsay in the Hebridean Islands and ranges from Out Skerreis in the east to Fair Isle in the west in Shetland, including Papil Stour and cliff tops at Gurness and Yeasnaby, Mainland, Papa Westray, Hoy, Sanday Shapinsay, S. Ronladsay all in Orkney. A. leucotrichus for which records from conifer plantations at Tay (Blackcraig, Bridge of Cally, 20 viii 1967 thru’ 16 ix 1989) and Forth (Saltoun Big Wood, East Lothian) are kown, is considered a synonym, as is A. fissuratus which is known from Arran, Colonsay, St Kilda, S Uist, Vatersay, and Mull in the Hebridean Islands, Mainland and Unst in Shetland and Sanday and Stromness and Mainland Orkney; also recorded from Forth ( Hopetoun Hse., 5 x 2002), Moray (Abernethy, 9 viii 1969 & 9 ix 1988 and Clyde (Chatelherault). Recorded from all but Sutherland, Solway and Argyll in Stevenson but records probably include other similar species such as A. macrosporus q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. augustus The Prince Records suggest its association with exotic plantings. Known from Forth (Laurieston, 13 vi 1992; Dalmahoy Hill, 9 ix 1984; Trinity, ix 1975 - all Edinb.; also RBGdn., Edinb., 30 vii 1991 & 10 vii 1997) and Tweed (regularly fruiting under Chamaecyparis). A white form has been recorded from Dee (Invercauld Hse., with Pseudotsuga, 11 xii 1995) and Beatrix Potter illustrated material from Tay. In islands only known from Mull under deciduous trees.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. dulcidulus Rosy Wood Mushroom Margins of conifer plantations and in conifer breaks; widespread but no where common; recorded as A. semotus. Known under A. purpurellus from Tay (Kindrogan; Ballantuim, 23 viii 1971) and Forth (Newbythe, East Lothian, 25 x 1990), and as A. semotus Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., 13 ix 1977), Dee (St Cyrus, in sand dunes, 13 viii 1978) and Tay (Kirkmichael, with Picea & Larix, 23 viii 1970). Also as Ag. rubellus Tay (Blackcraig, 20 viii 1972).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. osecanus Single record as A. nivescens var. parkensis from Forth (RBGdn., Nursery, Edinb. 4 ix 1979 & Bawsinch, Dudingston, 1 ix 2000) and from Unst.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. porphyrizon Lilac Mushroom Apparently rare; single records from Tweed (Dawyck, 25 x 1995) and Clyde (Creinch, Loch Lomond, 3 viii 1973).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. sylvicola Wood Mushroom Widespread but no where common. Single records under this name from Tay (Tentsmuir, under Picea , 4 xi 1965), Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde). Only known from Mull in Hebridean and Northern islands. Also as A. abruptibulba from Forth (Balerno, 29 ix 1958; Saltoun, 4 vi 2000), Moray (Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005; Loch Morlich, 15 ix 1957), Ross (Alness, 25 viii 1992) and Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000; Thornhill, 23 ix 1984). As A. essettei under conifers Clyde (Falls of Clyde and poss. Chatelherault) and Moray (Glenmore Forest Pk., 20 viii 2005) and under this name from Forth (West Currie, 11 ix 1991). Recorded as campestris var. sylvicola from Glamis by Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. urinascens Macro Mushroom Known from grasslands, cliff tops and machair where it is common and widespread, especially on the Scottish islands; better known as A. macrosporus. Recorded from Forth (Pentlands, 30 vii 1985 & Mortonhall, 5 x 1983), Tweed (Lamberton Shore, Berwickshire, 4 viii 1981; Traquair, vii 1973), Ross (Loch Carron, 20 iv 1965), Sutherland (Strathnaver Dennis, 1955; Bettyhill, 9 viii 1970), Tay (Glen Tilt, 8 ix 1989; Comrie, 2 x 1961, Barry Links nr. Dundee, 18 ix 1962; Leuchars, 5 x 1983; nr. Killiecrankie, 22 viii 1980). Recorded from S.Uist, Barra, Mingulay, Tiree, Coll, Mull, Skye and Colonsay, and from all major areas of Shetland including Out Skerries, Fair Isle, Mousa, Fetlar etc. as well as Mainland, including Sumburgh, Shetland and from Stromness, Mainland, Orkney. Ag. stramineus recorded from Whalsay, Shetalnd is considered a synonym. Single record of var. excellens from Forth (Gorebridge Co. Pk. under Picea ).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. moelleri Inky Mushroom Rather different habitats for each collection and suggests material needs re-assessing. Records from Forth (Dick Place, Edinb., 7 vi 1997; Musselburgh, 24 ix 1994) and Solway (sea cliffs, Port William, Kirkcubrightshire, 21 ix 1953).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. xanthodermus Yellow Stainer In gardens and shrubberies; widespread and some years quite common; the herbarium material undoubtedly misrepresents the distribution of this fungus in Scotland. Many records from gardens in Edinburgh, also Forth (Musselburgh, 14 x 1975; Inverleith, 15 x 1976; Dalmahoy, 29 ix 1973, Claremont, 1 x 1990; Waters of Leith and Cramond, 29 vi 1982 - all Edinburgh; also Cactus Hse., v 1975, 3 viii 1977 & x 1984 & Fernery, West Gate, 11 ix 1954, Tennis courts, 22 x 1990 & elsewhere, 18 ix 1967 - all RBGdn., Edinb.) and Tay (St. Andrews, 2 viii 1978). Var. griseus has been found in Forth (Musselburgh, on the Race course, 11 vii 1990).
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. comtulus Probably genuinely rare. Known from grasslands in Sutherland (Bettyhill, ix 1964), Dee (Loch Skene, 25 viii 1962) and Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., 24 vii 1985.
TFTaDMSSoCAR A. lutosus Recorded for Scotland in 2005 Check List. Chase up record.
A. caledoniensis n.p. Orton collections perhaps representing a new species found in Tay (Camghouran, 18 x 1967) & Moray (Rothiemurchus, 29 v 1960).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. haematospermum Red-spored Dappling On soil in base rich areas in woods and by streams usually in deep shade; widespread but no where common. Easily overlooked because of its cryptic colours and therefore undoubtedly under recorded. M. haematospermum has most recently been recorded from Forth (Mid- & West Lothians - West Calder, 12 x 1983). Better known as M. echinatum. In Stevenson Add 9 as Ag. (Psalliota) echinatus from amongst ferns Tweed (Faldonside, Melrose).
Agaricus (Inocybe) hookeri Klotzsch found in Glasgow by J.D. Hooker is noted as a ‘doubtful species’ in Stevenson; Klotzsch’s type is in K and agrees with the present species. See Agaricus haematospermus under Cystoderma (Squamanitaceae) below
TFTaDMSDSoCAR C. fracidus Dewdrop Dappling Rare. Found at margins of woods and in scrub generally on nutrient rich soils; probably southern in distribution. A recent record from the Forth (Lothians, more data forthcoming) and from Iona, 14 ix 1968, amongst grass in pasture. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. brunnea Known from a rubbish pile outside cemetry, South Walls, Orkney and from glasshouses in Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., Cactus House from 1 x 1971 to 23 vi 1997; also Burdie House and Bonnyrigg in seed beds, 10 ix 1964 and x 1976). This is Macrolepiota rhacodes var. bohemica (=Macrolepiota rhacodes var. hortensis) Not recorded from Scotland in 2005 Check List .Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. molybdites False Parasol Undoubtedly introduced. Single collection from ornamental planting in swimming and recreational area Forth (Ainslie Park, Edinburgh, 5 vii 1990). See Mycologist xxxxxxxxxx
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. olivieri Known only from Moray (Culbin Forest under conifers, 24 viii 2005). Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. rhacodes Shaggy Parasol Woodland margins especially conifer planations and then amongst accumulation of needles and in maritime grasslands. Widespread and not uncommon. Better known as Lepiota or Macrolepiota rhacodes. Tweed (incl. Dawyck, under Sequoiadendron, 14/9/94 et subseq.), Forth (incl. Mortonhall, x 1878 as Lepiota procera; nr. Penicuik; Craigmont, rubbish tip Duddingston, Queens Park; Orchard Brae - all Edinburgh from 1/7/74 to 6/9/79; garden Craigleith 15 x 2006), Tay (incl. Scone Palace, 25/9/70, Blackcraig and Dalreaich near Kindrogan, 1/8/80, By Bridge, Angus, 13/8/78), Moray (Kincraig under Picea and near Aviemore under conifers, Aigas House; Upper Tullochgruie, under Pinus sylvestris, 24 viii 2005) and Clyde. Known from Fair Isle, Orkney and Ulva with a collection from Mull with some differences noted. Also a recent record from Pund, Fair Isle, Shetland. Old collection in E Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., 2 v 1845) and collection by Klotzsch from Castle Semple October 1830 both as Ag. procerus. Listed in Stevenson for all but Solway, Sutherland, Argylle and Ross but Solway included in Add. 8.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. hieteri Probably introduced although known elsewhere in British Isles from natural communities in rich deciduous woodland as well as greenhouses. Known only from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in tropical House, 3 xi 1975).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. seminuda Bearded Dapplinmg Amongst herbaceous plants in nutrient rich areas; rarely recorded . Recent record only from Tay (Inver, Sept. 27th 1975). Recorded with short description in Stevenson as Agaricus (Lepiota) sistrata based on collection at Moray (Forres) made by M.Terry. Under this name also recorded from Mull.
It would appear that generally this is a southern genus within the BI with many species in Scotland based on records from garden or glasshouse situations.
TFTaDMSSoC?AR L. clypeolaria Shield Dappling In woods and shaded copses; not common. Records form Forth (Pettycurr, Fife, vii 1879) and from Moray (Culbin Sands, in alder carr, 8 ix 1975). Recorded in Stevenson for Forth and from Moray. Klotzsch material probably from Clyde in E is Leucoagaricus meleagris.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. cortinarius Two recent (2002) records in open woodland Forth (Hopetoun House) and Tweed (Dawyck, 27 ix 2009). Not in Stevenson
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. ? clypeolariodes Some doubt as to the status of this species in Scotland. Stevenson recorded Agaricus (Lepiota) polystictus, from Tay (Glamis), an agaric descibed by Berkeley and Broome. The type material is too bad for re-interpretation but another authentic Berkeley specimen could refer to L. clypeolaroides fide Dennis, Trans. Birt. Mycol. Soc. 31: 192,1948. There is little doubt that Stevenson would have adopted the Berkeley interpretation. Even this name is the subject of some confusion and interpretation. Hora in Trans. Brit Mycol. Soc. 43: 448, 1960 validated Kühner’s interpretation with the name L. kuehneri and Huijsman’s concept, which according to Hora (1960) resembles Cooke’s Plate and Rea’s description, is now based on alcohol preserved specimen of L. felina, q.v..
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. erminea Grows in grassy areas especially near the coast. Known from Forth (Aberlady, ix & x 1967 and Direton, 18 x 1992), Tay (St Cyrus dunes, 14 viii 1978) and Dee (Forvie Sands, 10 ix 1975). As L. alba known from sand-dunes Clyde (Torrisdale, Kintyre: Savage Field Mycol. 9). Material in K agreeing with this species - to check. Not in Stevenson but appears in Add. 4 for Glamis - Tay..
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. magnispora Recorded as L.metulaespora and L. ventriospora; margins of woodland including conifer plantations. Only recorded from Tweed (Bowhill - var. fulva) and Tay (Killiecrankie 19 ix 1979, Glen Lyon 30 ix 1961, Aberfeldy 5 ix 1997 and Blackcraig near Kindrogan, 20 viii 1977 & 24 vii 1978). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. oreadiformis Amongst grass in fixed sand-dunes, Forth (South Queensferry, 16 x 1965), Sutherland (Borgie 16 ix 1973 & Bettyhill, ix 1964) and Ross (Gairloch, 18 x 2000). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. subgracilis Material in K. Localities to be checked.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. boudieri Gridled Dappling Material in K. Localities to be checked.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. felina Occurs in nutrient rich deciduous and especially native and planted conifer woodland; rather uncommon. Records from Tay (Rannoch from x 1966 until x 1973; Blackcraig nr. Kindrogan, 20/ ix 1967; Tentsmuir, 10 x 1965). Recent record from Lothians. – Forth and from Grubenmore (check spelling, under Betula,4 x 2005). Known from Mull. Not in Stevenson. See under L. clypeolariodes above.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. pseudolilacea Single locality as L.pseudohelveola from Tay (Rannoch, 14 x 1962 & 19 ix 1964). As L. pseudohelveola from Dee (Menie Dunes, amongst Ammophila arenaria and Chamanerion, 14 x 2006). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSopCAR L. xanthophylla . Probably introduced but known from nutrient rich woodlands elsewhere in British Isles. Known only from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in pot in Cerrado House, 30 ix 1987). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. boudieri In deciduous woodland; rare. Single record from Forth (Tyninghame, East Lothian, 3 ix 1960). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. castanea Chestnut Dappling In deciduous woodland; rare. Single record from Tay (Inver, amongst herbaceous plants 27 ix 1975). Also a single record from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., the Fern House). The latter is probably an introduction. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. fulvella In rich woods generally with Mercurialis perennis; rare. Records only from Clyde (Chatelherault and Falls of Clyde). Not in Stevenson.
Only Lepiota cristata recognized by Stevenson for Scotland.;
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. cristata Stinking Dappling Along sides of shaded country roads and farm tracks and in copses and woods; fairly common and widespread. Recent records from Forth (incl. RBGdn., Edinb.), Clyde ( Chatelherault and Cleghorn Glen),Tay (Kindrogan), Tweed (Dawyck), Moray, Sutherland (in sand dunes, Cuilabhacaidh, Dennis 1955) and Ross (in Dryas lawns, 24/8/84) and Iona. Early collections in E Forth (from plantation Foxhall, viii 1821 prob. ex Greville Herb.and RBGE, Edinburgh, viii 1846; posible Klotzsch collection but handwriting larger – no localization. Recorded from all the Watersheds of Scotland in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. ochraceofulva Probably introduced, although known from nutrient rich loamy woodland margins and tracks elsewhere in British Isles; rare. Single record Forth (RBGdn.,Edinb., Cactus House, 30 viii 2000).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. subalba In deciduous woodland; rare. Known only from Forth (Blackhall , Edinb., garden under Eucalyptus, 15 x 2006). Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
The record with short description of Ag.(Lepiota) medullata in Stevenson from Tay (Glamis), may refer here judging from the description although the 2005 Check List of Basidiomycetes maintains it as a rare but distinct species. Pegler & Young consider it a Leucoagaricus; could be Limacella or even Chamaemyces. See under Limacella.
(Echinoderma) Only a single species recognized in this genus for Scotland by Stevenson.
Recent description in Knudsen, Bot. Tids. 75: 121-155
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. aspera Freckled Dappling Apparently widespread. Recent records from gardens in Forth (incl. Blackhall, Barnton, Mayfield Gardens, Pumpherston and Greenbank all Edinb.; RBGdn., Edinb., greenhouse ranges) and from natural community in Sutherland (Strathnaver, 14 viii 1973). Klotzsch material from Glasgow Bot. Garden dated Oct. 1830 in E. Noted by Stevenson as Agaricus (Lepiota) acutesquamosa for Tay, Moray and Clyde. Recorded also as Ag. (Lepiota) friesii for Rafford, 1879 by Rev. J.Keith in Add. 1 - Moray. Agaricus mariae the Klotzsch the type from Glasgow which is in K is in fact referrable here; see Reid & Austwick. Includes records of L. friesii.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. calcicola In deciduous woodland; rare. Single recent reord Forth (Gifford, edge of wood , 1 x 2006). Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. hystrix In deciduous woodland; rare. No recent records and recorded as Ag. (Lepiota) hispida from Tay (Glamis) in Stevenson. See Knudsen above.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. pseudoasperula Possibly introducd to the Scottish site. Only know from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in Rhododendron bed, 10 ix 1953). This is a segregate of the L. acutesqaumosa consortium. Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
A southern genus in the BI and not recpresented in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. americanus Undoubtedly introduced. Known only from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., in Fern House 20 vii 1970 & 27 iii 1972 and Back Range, v 1975 & 1 vii 1976). Also as Lepiota biornata Tay (St Andrews Univ. BGdn., in glasshouse corridor, 9 xii 1967). Recorded in E under the name L. biornata; undoubtedly introduced. .Often recorded under the name Lepiota bresadolae. Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland but see below.
L. bresadolae Apparently Scottish material in K agreeing with this species but see L.americanus above.
L. carneifolius Probably introduced as present sites. In greenhouses, Forth (RBGdn., Edinb. , bottom of potted conifer, 24 vii 1984 ; Stirling no further data). Sometimes considered a variety of L. leucothites. q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. leucothites White Dappling Very uncommon; in grassland areas. Known from Tweed (Duns) and Forth (Edinb. Univ., grounds 22 ix 1994). Recorded as L. holosericeus & L.naucinus; see also L.carneifolius above. Forma subsericeus is known from a single record from Forth (Yellow Craig, Direlton 14 ix 2002).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L.marriagei Probably introduced in Scotland but known from loamy and clayey soiled woods elsewhere in England. Single record Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., Heath Garden, 5 x 1989). Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. melanotrichus var. fuligineobrunneus Single collection Forth (Tyninghame, East Lothian, on conifer log from, L.Davey, 9 x 1999), which probably represents the first UK record although var. septentrionalis was described from the British Isles: see Reid, Mycotaxon 53: 325-336.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. meleagris Collected in glasshouses and excluded from the New British Check List; probably introduced. Recorded by Klotszch from Clyde (Erskine and material from garden Blantyne, Oct. 1830; material in E on referring to L. clypeolaria, although the record did not find its way into Stevenson. Not in 2005 Check List. Recent description has been provided by Miglozzi & Coccia in Mic. Ital. 2: 55-58, 1992.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. nympharum recorded from Forth (Gladsmuir Reservoir, East Lothian, 22 vii 1990; Pencaitland, 22 x 2006; Gullane, 5 xi 2006) and Tweed (St. Boswells, 22/7/73; Glen Tress 23 ix 2006) both records made as Lepiota/Macrolepiota puellaris. Also single record from ………..
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. wichanskyi Undoubtedly introduced. Only known from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., .Cactus House, 10 vii 89). Described as L. sublittoralis by Reid in Fung. Rariorum Icones Col. 2: 1-2, 1967. Not in 2005 Check List for Scotland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. badhamii Blushing Dappling Apparently material of Scottish provinence in K.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. georginae ditto in K. Localities to check.
A single species in this genus recognized for Scotland in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. birnbaumii Plantpot Dappling Common in glasshouses and more recently found with potted plants in houses (many records incl. Juniper Green, Queens St. and Marks & Spencers, all Edinb.- Forth). Probably widespread in Scotland but not always recorded so distribution unknown; undoubtedly introduced generations ago to RBGdn, Edinb. with records ranging from iv 1955 to ii 2000; may be found at all times of the year. As Lepiota lutea is recorded as a weed species in mushroom beds (Foister, 1958).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. brebissonii Skullcap Dappling Undoubtedly introduced but known from native communities elsewhere in BI. Fairly common in glasshouses in Forth (e.g. Fern House at RBGdn,, Edinb.; records from 30 viii 1957 to 28 vii 1991). Found in the wild Forth (Ravelston Local Nat. Res., 7 – 22 x 2006; Blinkbonny Blackhall Edinb., under Ribes nigrum, 8 viii 2008).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. cepistipes Undoubtedly introduced although probably native in southern England. Recent record from Forth (Edinburgh, greenhouse, 14 viii 1988). Also Castle xxxx 2 collections both Oct. 1830 and Lochabers, 1822 - all Klotzsch collections in E. Recorded in Stevenson from glasshouses in Forth, Moray and Clyde
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. lilacinogranulosus Undoubtedly introduced. Frequently found throughout 1960s and 1970s in the propagation glasshouses in RBGdn., Edinb. - Forth; records ranging from ii 1967 to viii 1990. Also from Clyde (Girvan with potted plant, viii 1993).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. straminellus Undoubtedly introduced. Known from Forth (RBGdn., Edinb., Cactus House, 20 viii 1968 & iii 1967). Also a record from Bran House 28 vii 1961 Loc.????. Recorded in E as L. denudatus.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. excoriata Early record in Stevenson from Dee (near Pitsligo) collected by Rev. Fergusson and more recently from Forth (Gladhouse Res., East Lothian, 1938).
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. mastoidea Recent record from Forth (John Muir Country Park, East Lothian, 8 ix 1992). Also known from Ross (Applecross Dennis, 1948) and Tay (Barry Links, near Dundee, 31 vii 1980; Den of Airlie, Alyth, 3 ix 1982). All recorded as Lepiota or Macrolepiota gracilenta. Also recorded from Colonsay, 29 x 1985. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. procera Parasol Woodland margins more especially broad-leaved woods and in open parkland. Widespread, although not common. Records from Tweed, Forth (incl. Dalkeith Country Park, 17 viii 1986; Loanhead, ix 1992; occurred in Woodland Garden, Edinburgh regularly from 21 vii 1961 until 1 ix 1994 - probably still persistent there, under Rhododendron 1 ix 1994, 2 collections, under Viburnum rhytidiophyllum, 17 viii 1973, and under Ilex aquifolia 21 vii 1986) and Tay (incl. St Cyrus, 13 viii 1978). Known only from Colonsay in the Hebridean and Northern Islands and from Arran. 2 collections from Castle Semple, Oct. 1830 by Klotzsch in E are Chlorophyllum rachodes. Also a Klotzsch collection dated 21 viii 1848; locality unknown. In Stevenson recorded from all but Sutherland, Argylle and Ross.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. sericifer In deciduous wioodland; rare. Single record from Forth (Bawsinch, Duddingston, Edinb., 10 x 2005). Not in 2005 Check Lits for Scotland nr in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. amianthinum Early Powdercap Common and widespread; ranging from lawns and lowland grassdlands to montane and hill-pasture, open moorland, copses and woodland. However, it is now known from all major areas Tweed (Dawyck & Gordon Moss, 30 ix 1988): Forth (incl. Orchard Road, Edinburgh, 22 ix 1982, Selmuir, 7 x 1967; Dalmahoy Hill, 29 ix 1973; Selmuir, and East Saltoun, East Lothian, 16 viii 1954 & Pittencrieff, Fife, 31 x 1976. Also Menstrie Glen, near Stirling as C. granulosa 11 x 1983), Solway (Logan BGdn., 18 x 1972), Ross (Applecross, Dennis, 1948), Tay (Drummond Hill, 26 ix 1961; Ben Vrackie, near summit, 22 viii 1981; Rannoch, Ben Lawers, Kindrogan & Tentsmuir, Fife, 10 x 1971; Dall, Rannoch, 19 ix 1967), Moray (Loch an Eilean, 8 ix 1957; Incailloch, on Quercus stump, 10 ix 1981; Cairngorm summit, plateau, 28 ix 1985, 14 ix 1966, 1220m.& 21 viii 2005 and below summit amongst Erica, 10 ix 1984; Braeriach, amongst Deschampsia, 12 ix 1957; Aviemore, ix 1938; Abernethy, ix 1978; Tom a’ Chorinich, Glen Affric, 7 ix 1988; Creag Dhubh, W. Cairngorm, amongst Loeslleuria and Calluna, 3 viii 1987and Glen Affric), Dee (Cairnwell, in Rhacomitrium, 854m., 29 ix 1967; Forvie Sands, 16 x 1962), Clyde (Inchcailloch, Loch Lomond Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde; Kintyre): Sutherland (Tongue & Strathnaver Dennis, 1955), Ross ( Balah nan B’ho Hishorn, 975m., 13 x 1959), Solway (Logan Bot. Garden), Argyll (Ben Arthur, 27 xi 1976; Glen Lochay, 800m., with Salix herbacea and Carex, 22 viii 1992; Dorlin Dennis 1951)), Ross (Kishorn). Also known from Meall Ghaordie, in Rhacomitrium heath with Salix herbacea, St.Kilda, Harris, Skye, Rhum where it occurs in addition on Shearwater lawns at high altitude, Arran, Mull & Colonsay. Single record from Orkney but common in Shetland on Mainland, Yell and Unst.
Var. alba recorded from Forth (Gladsmuir, East Lothian, Rupert Smith, x 1878). Fries (1836) indicated that the Ag. granulosus pg 104 in Greville’s Scottish Crypt. is in fact this species. As are two collections by Klotszch as Ag. granulosus var. incarnatus in E ‘Pinmore Oct. 1830’. Surprisingly in Stevenson only recorded from Glamis, Kinnoull Hill and Rannoch, all Tay which instigated him to add a description of the taxon.
Host of Squamanita paradoxa known from Dawyck (Tweed) and from Mull; apparently host of S. pearsonii; see below. Records also from Creag an Lochan 365.5m., 27 viii 1957.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. carcharias Pearly Powdercap In hill-pastures; infrequent. Records from Forth (Balerno, 22 xi 53; Swanston and RBGdn., Edinb. x 1898), Tay (Tentsmuir, 10 x 70, Sutherland (Strathnaver & Loch Stack), Dee (Forvie Sands, 16 x 1962 & Morrone Wd., 24 ix 79) and Ross (Kishorn, 13/9/63); also Skye and Mull. Known from an early record with description from Glamis (Tay) in Stevenson and from Moray in Add 1.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. jasonis Records from woodland edges Moray (Rothiemurchus Forest, Aviemore, 4 ix 60 & Abernethy, 5 xi 81). Said also to be found on Cairngorm Plateau 21 viii 2005. Recorded from Lothians - Forth. Cystoderma amianthinum var. longisporum is said to be the same taxon. Known from Foula. Collections of C.amianthinum should be more carefully checked..
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. lilacipes Single record from Dee (Loch Muick, Braemar, 29 x 99).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. superbum Single record from a mixed plantation Tay (Blair Atholl, 31 ix 97) and has been called C. haematites, a fungus originally described from Glamis (Tay); see below. A record of C. amianthinum on Quercus stump from Clyde (Inchcailloch) needs re-examination.
Note: Agaricus haematites Described from Glamis by Berkeley & Broome ( ) and appearing in Stevenson as Ag. (Armillaria) haematites. Transferred to Cystoderma by Kühner & Maire but examination of the type in K shows that of the two specimens on the type sheet one is a species of Cortinarius sg. Dermocybe. But it and the other collections are in extremely bad condition. What ever it is it is not is a Cystoderma or Armillaria. See Orton (1960) & Reid & Austwick (1963).
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. granulosum In and around woods and copses usually amongst grass; not common. Known from Tweed: Forth (incl. Swanston, x 1898; Ochils, 10 x 88): Tay (incl. Straloch near Kindrogan, 16 viii 74 and several collections from around Rannoch), Dee (incl. edge of sugar limestone, Cairnwell, 8 ix 84, 900m), Moray (Glenmore Forest Pk., under Pinus sylvestris, 20 viii 2005 & incl. Loch an Eilean, Rothiemurchus, ix 60, Abernethy, 17 ix 1994, Tomich, 14 ix 69. . Not known from Hebridean and Northen Islands. In E collection by Klotzsch including var. incarnatus which is C. amianthinum In Stevenson recorded from all but Sutherland, Solway and Argylle; in Add 8 added to Solway.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. cinnabarinum Not common; along woodland margins and in clearings in pine woodland; also known under the name C. terrei: C. terrei was originally described from Forres (Moray), having been collected by M.Terry. Recent records only from sites in Tay (Rannoch from 27 viii 54 to 25 xi 67) and Moray (Aviemore, ix 38). In Stevenson recorded with description for Tay (incl. Rannoch), Dee and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR P. aurea Golden Bootleg Surprisingly widespread frequenting disturbed, nitrophilous habitats sometimes quite close to habitation. Often persists at the same site for many years. Known from Forth (Doune Ponds, Stirling, under Betula amongst Chamanerion, 30 ix 1987, 16 x 1990 etc.; Dollar, in caravan site, 30 ix 1989; Dalgaty Bay, along grass verge, 8 x 1989; Braid Hills, The Hermitage, in pile of old leaves, 13 x 1973 & 4 x l975; Meadows, Edinb. 31 x 2006; Silverknowes, Edinb., 8 xi 1976; Newington Cemetry, Edinb., 29 ix 1961; Tyninghame,Wd., East lothian, x 2001; recent coll. Edinb. no further details; Dalkeith, amongst Urtica, 20 xi 2006), Tay (Loch Rannoch, 20 x 1968; nr Leuchars, 10 x 1965; Black Spout Wd., ix 2008;Tentsmuir, in field, x 2001; Dall, Rannoch, 17 x 1979), Tweed (nr. Coldstream, 14 ix 1992; Cocksburnpath 11 x 1981; Dawyck site of old generator and on soil pile, from x 1991 onwards until autumn 2008), Clyde (Linn Pk., on golf course, 2 x 1992) and Moray ( Moniach Glen, 27 ix 1995). Surprisingly not recorded from either Western or Northern Islands. An old collection from nr. West Church presumably Edinb., ix 1881in E. In Stevenson as Ag. (Pholiota) vahlii with short description and recorded for Inver in 1875 by C. Mc Intosh and from Moncrieffe by Sir T. Moncreiffe -both Tay and with comment that he (Stevenson) differed in his interpretation of the species and considered it distinct from Ag. aureus; this is emphasised in Add. 8 with Tweed and Moray records and short description. There has been much discussion as to the identity of British collections; see Reid, TBMS. Recent record from Barr Hill x 2006.
This genus has come out in some analyses with the brown-spored taxa but this is because the host was isolated not the Squamanita
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. contortipes Contorted Strangler Single collection Moray (in meadow land amongst short grass in remenat pine forest, Speyside). This is S. scotica Bas nomen prov., in Persoonia xxxx. Said to be associated with Galerina spp.
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. paradoxa Powdercap Stranger Widespread but very uncommon; associated with Cystoderma amianthinum & C. jasonis. Known from Tweed (Dawyck, in grassy area), Forth (Hopetoun House, S.Queensferry, on lawn 1 xi 2009) and Mull; see Notes from Roy. Bot. Gdn. , Edinb..
TFTaDMSSoCAR S. pearsonii Strathy Strangler Known from a single collection Moray (in moss under Pinus sylvestris, Speyside) and more recently from Haddo House ( ), the latter material probably associated with Cystoderma amianthinum. Described from material from Speyside; see Bas, Persoonia xxxxxxx.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. aestivalis DeceIving Bovist. Records from Sutherland, Ross, Forth, Clyde (Airdrie. X 1981as L. polymorphum) and Solway.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. dermoxantha Dwarf Bovist. Known from Forth, Tay and Dee in Stevenson as Lycoperdon pusillum Fr. Recorded as Lyopcerdon ericetorum a synonym from Sutherland, Ross, Forth and Solway. As B. ericetorum from Forth (Aberlady, 6 x 1967 re-det V.Demoulin).
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. nigrescens Brown Bovist Rather common and widespread in grassland communities also, although rather uncommon, in woodlands along tracks. Known from Tay (Loch Voil, 27 iii 1983; Tarmachan, 7 vii 1996; Ben Vrackie, 7 vii 1990; Drummond Hill, 27 ix 1961; Glen Isla, 25 vi 1966; Ben Lawers, s.w crags, 304.8m., 1 vii 1984 & 549m., 5 ix 1986; Balnaguard, 17 viii 1983; Milton Wd., East Perth, 14 xii 1982; Blairgowrie, 19 iii 1954), Tweed (Blackpool Moss, 2 vi 1977), Dee (Mar Lodge, 19 v 2003), Forth (Penicuik, 20 iii 1988; Roslin 1985 unlocated; Cleish Hills, 1 iv 1983; Loch Leven, under Pinus sylvestris, 4 iii 1984 & turf by loch, 4 iii 1984;Woodhall, Spott East Lothian, viii 1986; Dunbar, 12 v 1987), Argyll (Gairloch, 9 vii 1990; Ullapool, 30 vii 1970), Ross (Carr Brae Bornie v 1984; Applecross, Dennis, 1948), Moray (Loch Loy, 7 v 1967; Feshie Bridge, under Betula; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Upper Tullochgruie, 24 viii 2005 & 24 xi 1986; Morrach Moor, Inverness sand-dunes under Juniperus communis, 30 iv 2004; 7 v 1967) and Sutherland (Thurso, 24 v 1969). Known from Arran, Mingulay, Skye, Mull, Colonsay, Islay, Gigha, Kintyre. Also Shetland incl. Foula, Unst incl. Keen of Hamar, Housay, Whalasay and Fair Isle and Out Skerries. Also Papa Westray, Sanday, N.Ronaldsay, Hoy and Mainland Orkney etc.. and Jura (Beinn an Oir, 20 vi 1981) and record from Longmuir Moss (30 ix 1991). In Stevenson recorded from all Watersheds except Sutherland, Solway, Argylle and Ross Reaching 256.8m. Material from Helensburgh in Herb. Hooker, July 1831and unlocalized mixed collection ex Hooker. Records also from Skara Brae, Orkney neolithic excavations.; see Watling & Seaward and the Booklet accompanying Skara Brae excavations.
TFTaDMSSoCAR B. plumbea Lead-grey Bovist. In grassland communities but less frequent than B. nigrescens; rarely in woodland scurb. Known from Tweed (by stream Meconopsis border, Dawyck, 17 x 2002), Forth (Gullane, 1985 otherwise undated; Yellowcraig, East Lothian, 13 ii 1980; Loch Leven, 26 ix 1967; Aberlady, 14 x 1965 & 9 vi 1967; Waters of Leith, Edinb. 2 x 1977; Dirleton, 7 xii 1960; Dunbar neither localized nor dated but known at Linkfield 20 iv 2008), Tay (Drummond Hill, 27 ix 1961). Known from Arran, Lewis, Bernary, Tiree, Coll, Mull, Colonsay, Oronsay, Islay and Gigha. Also Mainland Shetland and Out Skerries in addition to Westray, N. Ronaldsay, Papa Westray, Birsay and Mainland Orkney etc. and Foula. In Stevenson recorded from Tay, Dee and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. gigantea Giant Puffball Common and widespread, in pastures especially at field and wood margins, close to farms and on middens; also in gardens and hedgrows. Known from Forth (Ford, 12 vi 1988; Dalkieth, 18 v 1987; Whittinghame Est., ix 1985; Edinb., under Rhododendron Edinb. Art College, no further data; RBGdn., Edinb. in windbreak 14 ii 2007), Sutherland (Thurso, 24 v 1969). Known from Eday, Birsay and several sites on Mainland Orkney and Mainland Shetland and also Yell and Unst. Also recorded from Forth as Langermannia. In Stevenson recorded from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee and Clyde.
Now considered part of Lycoperdon
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. excipuliformis Pestle-shaped Puffball. In woodlands. Known from Tweed (Gordon’s Moss, i 1993; Beech walk, Dawyck, 9 v 1979), Forth (Ravelston, Edinb., 9 xi 1991; Balerno 11 x 1954 & iii 1985, Warriston, Edinb., 5 ix 1988), Argyll (Arisaig, 29 iv 1967), Moray (Insh Marshes, 18 v 2003), Tay (Loch Rannoch, under Alnus, 9 viii 1954 & umber brown form 22 viii 1954; north corrie Ben Lawers in short turf, 1,005.5m., 6 ix 1959), Clyde (Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde), Skye, Arran and Mull. Known from several sites on Orkney. In Stevenson recorded as Lycoperdon saccatum from Forth, Dee, Tay and Moray.
TFTaDMSSoCAR H. utriformis Mosaic Puffball In pastures. Known from Forth (Tillicoultry, 28 vi 1993; Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb., vi 1984; Penicuik, x 1869 & 20 iii 1988; Gifford, 24 v 1959; Dalkeith, 17 viii 1986), Moray (Kinguisse, 213m., near spring, no further data; Ballendallach, Inverness, 24 ix 1962), Tweed (Harchaugh Crags, Berwickshire, 27 vi 1991; Kelphope Hill, Oxton vii 1976,), Tay (Ben Vrackie below summit, 7 vii 1990), Ross (Morrich Moor, E Ross, 20 viii 1987; Kyle of Tongue as Lycoperdon bovista Dennis, 1955)), Also known from Rhum, Mull, Colonsay and Islay; also Eday and Mainland Orkney. In Stevenson recorded as Lycoperdon caelata from Tay and Moray. Host to Penicillium cyclopium Tay (Tentsmuir, 1`8 x 2003).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. atropurpureum Dark-spored Puffball Rare in grassy places in woods. In Stevenson only recorded from Tay (Hunter’s Hill, Glamis).
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. caudatum Pedicellated Puffball. In grassy area along track Solway (Carrifran Glen, 23 viii 2009). 9Records from Forth, Tay and Clyde (Dunbarton; see Reid & Austwick) but lacking voucher material. Unlocalized collection in Greville’s Herb. in E as ‘L. lacunarum Bull. = L. gemmatum’. Redet. as l. pedicellatum , a synonym by V. Demoulin.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. echinatum Hedgehog Puffball. Records generally associated with ancient, usually Quercus, woodland. Known from Forth (Roslin, 11 viii 2004), Tay (Falskally, 3 ix 1998; Den of Airlie, 13 x 1992 & 5 x 1995; Kinnoul Hill, 7 ix 1986; Birks of Aberfeldy, 27 viii 1985; Killicrankie, 28 viii 1985) and Clyde (Chatelherault; Creiinch Loch Lomond, 10 x 1979 & 5 ix 1980). Some published records need to be confirmed because of confusion with L. nigrescens q.v.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. ericaeum Heath Puffball. Material possibly of this taxon from Forth (Mortonhall, x 1878) in E. examined by V. Demoulin.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. lividum Grassland Puffball. Records from Forth (Aberlady, 4 iv 1963 & 29 ix 1967; Yellowcraig, 13 ii 1988 both as L. spadiceum), Sutherland (Strathnaver, 14 ix 1973), Tay, Dee (Cairnwell, with Salix herbacea, 8 ix 1984), Moray (Loch Rusky), Sutherland (Invernaver Res. Savage, Field Mycol 9), both data restricted. Known from Mull, Skye, Mingulay, Rhum, Arran, Colonsay, Islay and Kintyre etc. , Mainland Shetland and Fetlar; and Fair Isle; also Hoy, Eday and Mainland Orkney and Rhum. Includes records of L. spadiceum.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. mammiforme Flaky Puffball. As L. velatum from Moray (Rothiemurchus, 1938). Apparently recorded in classic references; see Reid & Austwick, 1963 but no recent Scottish records.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. molle Soft-spined Puffball. Recorded from leaf litter in Forth, Tay & Moray but voiuchers not available, Clyde (Falls of Clyde needs to be re-assessed), Mull, Fair Isle and Mainland Shetland.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. nigrescens Blackish Puffball. Common and widespread. In woodlands and pastures, even hill pasture and high altitude grassland. Known from Forth (Gullane Point, 8 x 1967; Loch Leven, 26 ix 1967), Dee (Cairnwell, 15 viii 1997), Tay (Kincardine Castle Ruthven water Mid-Perth, 14 x 1980; New Course St Andrews, 27 ii 1954; Tentsmuir in pine plantation, 4 xi 1965; Loch Rannoch, 27 & 28 viii 1954; Moniavie 22 ix 1953), Tweed (Dawyck, several sites between 1992 & 2009), Argyll (Glen Lochay, 213m., 24 ix 1977; Ben Nevis 457m., 15 ix 1956 as L. perlatum), Solway (Loch Trool, 9 ix 1977), Tweed (Dawyck, under Fagus, 17 x 2002), Ross (Morrich Moor, E Ross, 28 viii 1981; Rassal Wd., 14 x 1959), Moray (Aviemore, ix 1938 as L. pyriforme; Tomich, 28 viii 1957 as L. perlatum var. nigrescens; Loch an Eilean,22 viii 2005; Abernethy, 25 viii 2005; Glenmore Forest Pk., 23 viii 2005), Clyde (Ballantyne, Cleghorn Glen, Falls of Clyde, L. Nethan etc.), and Ross (Loch Ewe as L. umbrinum,, Dennis, 1948). Also from St Kilda, Lewis (Bennell’s Bridge, 16 viii 1985), Vatersay, Arran, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Islay, Colonsay (Policy Wd., 26 x 1985), Shetland incl. Fetlar, Orkney incl. Eday and Kintyre. Not in Stevenson but obviously included under L. gemmatum judging from the altitudinal data 365.8m. Many records as L. foetidum incl., all major areas of Shetland except Out Skerries. Known from Hoy, Eday. Westray anmd Mainland Orkney.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. perlatum Common Puffball. In woodlands and copses; common and widespread. Known from Forth (Culross, 5 iv 1983; Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb., 1 viii 1968; Flisk Wd., Fife, x 1984; Comrie Burn, Fife, 12 viii 1983; Saline, Fife, iv 1982; Balerno as L. nigrescens, 15 x 1960; Pencaitland, 5 x 1954), Tay (Raith, as L.. pyriforme, x 1938, re-det.. V. Demoulin Balnaguard, 17 iv 1983; Tentsmuir, 4 xi 1965 & 10 x 1971), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000; Gatehouse of Fleet, no further data), Clyde (Younger Bot Gdn., under Araucaria & Abies sp., 28 ix 1971; Chatelherault, Falls of Clyde, L. Nethan, & Cleghorn Glen), Sutherland (Borgie, Dennis 1955), Ross (Laxford, Dennis, 1955), Argyll (Glen Dochart, 17 vi 2006 & 20 v 2007; Glen Finglas, 15 iv 1983), Tay (Blair Atholl, under Cupressus, 20 v 2003; Tentsmuir, 4 xi 1965), Solway (), Tweed (nr. Ayton Berwickshire xi 1983), Moray (Glenmore Forest Pk, 20 viii 2005), Mull, Skye, Rhum, Eigg, Colonsay and Islay. Also with Salix repens Westray and Mainland Orkney, Shetland. incl. with Westray and collectiions from Methven Wd., 9 iv 1983, Denhead 14 iv 1983 and Dinkadale Native tree Nursery, Birsay? Orkney. In Stevenson recorded as L. gemmatum for all watersheds except Argylle and Sutherland and obviously includes records of L. nigrescens q v. from the altitudinal data. Some old collections in E include form near Einburgh as L. gemmatum, Herb. Greville (det V. Demoulin) and ‘L. gemmatum β perlatum Pers. in ‘F……. Pinnemore September 1830 Klotzsch’ det V. Demoulin.
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. pyriforme Stump Puffball. On stumps and buried wood, spreading to areas about by long, white rhizoidal cords, even appearing between cracks in walls and flagstones and as if growing on moss; also on sawdust; very common. Known from Forth (Linlithgow, ix 1988; Blyth Burn, Fife, 6 iv 1987; Flisk Wd., Fife, x 1984; Comrie Burn, Blairhill, Fife, 18 iv 1983; Cammo Park, Edinb., 27 x 1978; Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb., Herbaceous Border 13 xi 1967 & in Rock garden, 11 vi 1954), Dee (Mar Lodge, 19 v 2003), Tweed (nr. Ayton, Berwickshire, no further data), Clyde (Blantyre, Gleghorn Glen, Falls of Clyde, Chatelherault etc.), Solway (Glen Cairn, 1 x 2000), Tay (Birks of Aberfeldy, 23 v 2003; Kindrogan on gymnosperm, 18 v 2003); Murthley, on Acer pseudoplatanus stump, 22 v 2003) and Moray (Plodda Falls, Glen Affric, 29 viii 1954; Aviemore as L. perlatum, ix 1938), Arran, Skye, Mull, Colonsay, and Kintyre. Surprisingly not known in Stevenson from Dee, Sutherland, Solway and Argylle, although last added in Add. 8. Old collections in E a possible unlocalized Menzies collection and L. pyriforme Pers from Castle Campbell Greville ?
TFTaDMSSoCAR L. umbrinum Umber Brown Puffball. Records from Forth (Mortonhall, 1878 as L. gemmatum re-det. V. Demoulin; Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb. Crypt, Gdn., 23 ix 1993), Dee & Moray; also Skye. Possibly a record from Pegal Burn N. Hoy, Orkney. Unlocalized collection poss. from Menzies herb. as L. gemmatum in E. re-det. By V. Demoulin.,
TFTaDMSSoCAR V. pratense Meadow Puffball. Fairly common in pastures; widespread. Known from Moray (Glenmore Lodge, 20 viii 2005), Tay (St Anbdrews Bot. Gdn., 18 xi 1968), Forth (Middleton, Lothians, 1985; Holyrood Park., Edinb., 15 xii 1976; Aberlady Bay, 29 ix 1967; Lasswade, 1 ix 1987), Tweed (Siccar Pt., Cockburnspath, ix 1978) and Clyde (Falls of Clyde; Arran), St Kilda, South Uist, Vatersay, Mingulay, Skye, Rhum, Mull, Colonsay, Islay and Kintyre. Known from Shetland incl. Fair Isle and Foula but not as yet Out Skerries; also Mainland Orkney and Hoy. Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. corium Single collection under hedge on coastal dunes, Forth (Linkfield, Dunbar, 2 iii 2008; still present 20 iv 2008). First record for British Isles; see Kilkenny……
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. brumale Winter Stalk Puffball. Found in sand-dunes in south east Scotland. Known from Forth (Dirleton, 7 v 2000; Eyebroughty, East Lothian, 27 xii 1997; Aberlady, 4 iv 1963, 15 iii 1970, 16 xii 1993, 1 & 18 i 1998; Yellowcraigs 12 iv 1997 & 24 I 1998). Single record from Islay.
TFTaDMSSoCAR T. niveum White Stalk Puffball Two known sites for this rare fungus, viz. Ross (Inchnadamph, vi 1996 C. Scouller and 10 xii 1997 & 12 viii 1998; on way to Bone Caves, 21 ix 1996 & 26 ix 1995) and Dee (Craig Leek, Braemar with Tortula tortuosa, Ditrichum flexicaule & Syntricia ruralis, i 1999 & 5 v 1997). See Fleming et al. in Mycologist.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. olla Field Bird’s Nest. Known on herbaceous material and plant pots. Records from Forth (Blinkbonny Av., under Rubus idaeus, 25 vii 1982; Orchard Brae under Rubus, 3 viii 1973; Currie under Rubus, 6 x 1967: Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb, Rock Gdn 27 viii 1974 & Herbaceous Border on old stems 8 xi 1967 & 27 vi 1991, Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb. 11 ii 2006; Orchard Brae on pot of aubergine, v 1977; Learmonth Gdn., on old Chrysanthemum stems as Crucibulum, 11 vi 1954; Barnton on garden soil, as Crucibulum, 1 xi 1959; John Muir Pk, East Lothian 18 ix 1985; Morton Hall x 1843, Wm. Evans as C. vernicosus; Gullane Links as Crucibulum, ix 1884), Tweed (Selkirk as C. vernicosus, 1919), Tay (St Andrews in sand dunes on grass rhizomes, 23 viii 1954; Boarshill, East Fife, amongst potatoes, 21 viii 1971; Lethan, Angus, 19 ix 1974). Also records from Kintyre on Ammophila debris and Colonsay on dry cow dung, 12 xi 1990. As C. vernicosus recorded from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee & Moray in Stevenson
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. striatus Fluted Bird’s Nest. Records from Moray (Aviemore, no further data end of 19th c?),Dee,Tay (Murthley on Betula periderm, 7 ix 1953), Clyde (Blantyre) and Forth (Kirkliston, vi 1821 Captain Wauch); also on fallen branches Mull. Known from Forth and Moray in Stevenson and Argylle added in Add. 4.
TFTaDMSSoCAR C. laeve Common Bird’s Nest. Widespread on woody trash and also building materials. Records from Forth (Tyninghamme, 4 ix 1984 and on conifer branches, 3 ix 1960; Dean Bridge, Rupert Smith, `1834; Edinburgh, on plasterboard, no further details; Clackmannanshire, Alva Park, 26 ix 1988),Tweed (Selkirk, on Sambucus, 5 1 1965; Glentress, Peebles, xii 1938), Tay (Strathkiness on decaying wood and vegetable matter, 15 ii 1965; Boarshill 15 x 1980 & 28 xi 1979). Very old collection in E from Menzies Herb,. labelled Edinburgh. Known as C. vulgare from Tweed, Forth, Tay, Moray and Clyde in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoCAR M. denudata On decayed wood, grassy or rush debris. Recorded from Clyde, Dee, Tay and Moray. Probably better known as Nidularia denudata and recorded under that name for Clyde (Balmaha, 12 ix 1959). Not in Stevenson.
TFTaDMSSoBAR M. minutissima In moist areas amongst vegetation; generally overlooked because of the small size of the basidiome. Recorded only from Clyde (Douglaston Pk., Milngarvie, 10 ix 1959).
TFTaDMSSoCAR N. deformis Records from Solway, Clyde, Tay, Forth (Doune Ponds, on hardwood branch, 20 viii 1994), Tweed (Glentress on conifer chips, 11 viii 1954; Cardrona Forest, on larch twig, 21 ix 1994), Moray, Argylle and Mull . Also known as N. farcta.