AJP because she is dycaculate, failed to pick up on the dates and assumed that Nicholas of Tewkesbury Sheriff of Devon & Lord of Dartmouth was the same man as Nicholas Pomeray 3rd son of Baron Henry & His wife Joan Moels ,
BUT It was pointed out that this assumption could be wrong he may in fact simply have beenan earlier man named Nicholas Tewkesbury & Nicholas Pomeroy 3rd son of Baron Henry was another man entirely. The dates suggest this is correct However he might have been a Pomeroy an unrecorded one. He makes his first appearance shortly after the death of the 7th Baron Henry Pomeoy in 1305
1307 Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth,
1320. Nicholas of Tewkesbury late Sheriff of Devon
1357 Nov 7th Nicholas Pomeroy & John Daumarle of Flete Sheriff of Devon
1375 4th Oct Nicholas de la Pomerey Sheriff of Devon
**
The life of Nicholas of Tewkesbury the merchant was an interesting one
however the question remains How did a clerk from Tewkesbury became Lord of Dartmouth & Sheriff of Devon
Tewkesbury in Glocestershire lies in the Vale of Severn on the confluence of the River Avon which flows past Worcester and the river Severn that flows 220 miles from deep in Wales into the Bristol Channel/. It is 10 miles N.E. of Gloucester, and 108 miles from London.
This ancient town was mentioned in Domesday Survay as Teodechesberie . The magnificent Abbey was founded in 1087 by nobleman Robert FitzHamon, building of the present Abbey did not start until 1102. Built to house Benedictine monks, the Norman Abbey was near completion when consecrated in 1121. An abundance of old & beautiful buildings lin it stretets&twiterns
In 1471 Edward IV. defeated the Lancastrians at Bloody Meadow,at Tewkesbury where Queen Margaret was taken prisoner, and her son slain.
After the battle the Abbey needed to be reconcegrated bcause of the slaughter that had taken place within it .
It is a borough by prescription incorporated by Elizabeth I . Under the Municipal Act it is governed by a mayor, who is also returning officer, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, with the style of "bailiffs, burgesses, and commonalty In later centuries there were manufactories of stockings, lace, and nails, also a tannery, corn mills, and malting establishments.
The history of Tewkesbury HERE
The merchant Nicholas of Tewkesbury led a busy & interesting life
An inquisition in 1317/1318, refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon.
Addressees: King and council. ( 1317 = Edw II- 1307- he was deposed in 1327 & replaced eventually by Edward III)
Nature of request: Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has not been delayed The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318,
Reference: SC 8/162/8095
Description: Petitioners: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon. Addressees: King and council.
Occupation: sheriff of Devon
Nature of request: Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick (on Tweed) by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has not been delayed
Nature of endorsement: Let the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer be commanded to view the letters sent to them by the king upon the contents of the petition, and also the inquisitions taken upon this, and they should make allowance according to the tenor of the orders and inquisitions. If there is a reasonable cause whereby this ought not to be done then the king is to certify.
Places mentioned: Devon; Scotland; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Tavistock, [Devon]
People mentioned: William Martin ; Robert de Stokhey; William Burne (Bourne); Bishop of Exeter; [Nicholas of Hanslope], abbot of Tavistock; [John Hotham], bishop of Ely; Walter de Norwyz (Norwich), late treasurer.
Note: The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318, and this petition refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Norwich served several terms, but if the treasurers are referred to in the order that they served, Hotham served from May 1317 to June 1318, and Norwich from September 1319 to February 1320, which would date to after February 1320
. If the references refer to Hotham as the most recent of the two treasurers, then the petition would date to after June 1318, Norwich's previous term ending in May 1317.
So who was he? Did he take the name Nicholas of Tewkesbury to seperate himself from his Devon family ?
A Brief TIMELINE
The manor of Southtown is the southern part of Dartmouth, and is owned by the Lords of the Manor of Stoke Fleming. Edward II 1307-1327 ...
The Carew family built a manorial hall Manor Court at Stoke Fleming and occupied it for 300 years. In the 15th century the family moved to Dartmouth and the hall became a ruin.
Dartmouth was amongst 26 English & Irish towns required to provide 3 ships fully armed and provision for 7 weeks in support Edward III campaign against Robert the Bruce in 1311 & again 1318
The 7th Baron Henry Pomeroy Visitations records only 1 child as his issue, another Henry who had 5 sons including a 3rd son Nicholas
Dartmouth town was purchased by the Crown in the late 13th century, and from 1335 to 1537 passed through the hands of 14 different lords who held it by virtue of royal grants. They took varying degrees of interest in the place.
https://dartmouth-history.org.uk/a-brief-history-of-dartmouth/
1305 the 7th Baron Henry Pomeoy died.
1306 Gilbert FitzStephen sold “all his Manor of Norton, Dartmouth Townstal, Hardness, and who also acquired all the rights of the Lords of Totnes in the “Water of Dart” & Lord of Dartmouth.
source https://dartmouth-history.org.uk/timeline_slider_post/1293/
( AJP wonders how a mere clerk could afford such a expensive purchase?)
1316 Nicholas of Tewkesbury became lord of Townstal & Dartmouth replacing FitzStephen
1327 Nicholas of Tewkesbury gave tEdward III all rights he had acquired in the market town & port
of Dartmouth in exchange for a lifetime office in the exchequer. Dartmouth became a Royal
Borough. Waters of the Dart,
foreshore and right of access transferred to th Crown.
1337 Grant of Additional Liberties the King Edw II granted men of the towns of Clifton Dartmout
& Hardness freedom form tolls & charges thoughout the realm
1329 In October that year Sir William Montague , ( father to Elizabeth wife of Sir Guy de Bryan KG
was made keeper of the king's stannary & the water of Dartmouth.
1341 The King granted the burgesses of Clifton & Dartmouth & Hardness the right to elect a mayo
( anually) and independence from county authority In return Dartmouth provide 2 full
manned & equipped warships for 40 days at no cost to the king.
1342 Lordship of Dartmouth granted to Lord Guy de Bryan son of Joan Carew, 1st wife of Guy de
Bryan . 1346 the Battle of Crecy Guy de Bryan was standard bearer to Edward III. Dartmouth
provided 31 ships to the fleet of 747,
1346 -53 Black Death decimated English population killing 30% of the population
1380 Nicholas of Tewkesbury seems to have died in about 1380
The last entry found for Nicholas of Twekesbury is 1332. The first was in 1307 ,if he was 20 at that time the last record was when he was about 45. It. seems unlikely that he was the same man who died in 1380 he would have been 93, in an age where a man was elderly at 50 !
CP 25/1/44/63, number 35. County: Devon. Place: Westminster. DATED 1382 - Nicholas of Tewkesbury died in about 1380
This appears to be as a reult of that death
Date: Two weeks from Easter, 3 Richard [II] [8 April 1380]. And afterwards one week from Holy Trinity, 5 Richard [II] [8 June 1382
Parties querents Nicholas Kirkham, John Hulle, John Blake, John Fillegh', Robert Hulle and Richard Foldhay.
deforciant Thomas de Beauchamp'
Property: The manors of Clifton' and Clauton', which Nicholas de la Pom'ay holds for life by the law of England.
Action: Plea of covenant.
Agreement: Thomas has granted for himself and his heirs that the manors - which Nicholas de la Pom'ay held for life by the law of England of the inheritance of Thomas on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay ought to revert to Thomas and his heirs - after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay shall remain to Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard and the heirs of Robert, to hold of the chief lords for ever.
Warranty. For this: Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard have given him 200 marks of silver.
Property was everything
1382 : The manors of Clifton' and Clauton', which Nicholas de la Pom'ay
held for life by the law of England,
1309 Nicholas de Pomeroy Sheriff of Devon,
1316 Nicholas of Tewkesbury, Sheriff of Devon & Lord of Dartmouth
Nicholas Pomeroy , Lord of Dartmouth b. Abt 1330 d. Aft 1383 , Fought at Calais in 1347
the records have
Nicholas Pomeroy , sheriff of Devon 4 Oct. 1375 & justice of the peace in 1377
& possibly before that in 1363 with John Damerel (sources differ )
neither in Devon nor in Gloucestershire was there recorded a Sheriff Nicholas of Tewkesbury
although there was a much earlier William Pomeroy Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1196-7
Sheriff of Devon changed every year
The Crusades
In 1147 a fleet of 146 ships set out from Dartmouth on the Second Crusade
to the Holy Land .
The Third Crusade in 1190, consisted of a 100 more ships .
These events gave a name to a tiny Dartmouth inlet of Warfleet Creek, which lies just inside the river mouth.
By the end of the 12th century Dartmouth was surpassing Totnes,the 2nd richest wool town in Devon, & becoming a significant trading port and an important gathering place for naval & military operations .
By 1334 Dartmouth was 4th amongst Devons towns according.
source from my bookshelf. W.G Hoskins Old Devon 1966 pub by David & Charles
Dartmouth’s lord at the time of the royal survey in 1316 was Nicholas de Tewkesbury, who had bought the manor of Dartmouth in 1293 and the port in 1306, before selling the manor to the king in 1327.91
In a series of credit arrangements in which he was invariably the debtor, Tewkesbury nevertheless styled himself ‘lord of Dartmouth’, a title he deployed as late as 1332, even though Dartmouth now technically belonged to the Crown.92
91 Inquisitions and Assessments Relating to Feudal Aids, i, 379; Maurice Beresford and H. P. R. Finberg, English Medieval Boroughs: A Hand-List (Newton Abbot, 1973), 90; Maryanne Kowaleski, ‘Shipping and the Carrying Trade in Medieval Dartmouth’, in Marie-Luise Heckmann and Jens Röhrkasten (eds.), Von Nowgorod bis London: Studien zu Handel, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im mittelalterlichen Europa (Göttingen, 2008), 467–8.
92 TNA, C 241/57/166, C 241/61/94, C 241/69/180, C 131/2/14, C 241/104/185
source Past & Present, Volume 264, Issue 1, August 2024, Pages 3–47, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtad030 Published: 29 March 2024
An inquisitions in 1317/1318, refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon.
Addressees: King and council.
Nature of request: Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has not been delayed.
The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318,
Reference: C 131/172/50 1325
DARTMOUTH town was purchased by the Crown in the late 13th century, and from 1335 to 1537 passed through the hands of 14 different lords who held it by virtue of royal grants. They took varying degrees of interest in the place.
The office of Sheriff is the oldest under the Crown. It is over 1000 years old; it was established before the Norman Conquest. It remained first in precedence in the counties, until the reign of Edward VII, when an Order in Council in 1908 gave the Lord-Lieutenant the prime office under the Crown as the Sovereign's personal representative. The Shreiff of a county have judicial, ceremonial and administrative functions and execute High Court Writs. The title was historically "Sheriff of Devon", was changed in 1974 to "High Sheriff of Devon".
Dartmouth by the end of the 12th century was surpassing Totnes which had until then been the 2nd richest wool town in Devon. Dartmouth became a significant trading port and an important gathering place for naval & military operations . By 1334 Dartmouth was 4th amongst Devons towns according.
source from my bookshelf. W.G Hoskins Old Devon 1966 pub by David & Charles
From The River Severn at Tewkesbury to Berwick on Tweed in Northumbrland, the Scottish Border
the journey under sail is around 900 miles
National Archives SC 8/162/8095 1317- 1320
Petitioners: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon. Addressees: King and council.
Nature of request: Nicholas de Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has been delayed
Let the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer be commanded to view the letters sent to them by the king upon the contents of the petition, and also the inquisitions taken upon this, and they should make allowance according to the tenor of the orders and inquisitions. If there is a reasonable cause whereby this ought not to be done then the king is to be certified
Note:
The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318, and this petition refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Norwich served several terms, but if the treasurers are referred to in the order that they served, Hotham served from May 1317 to June 1318, and Norwich from September 1319 to February 1320, which would date to after February 1320. If the references refer to Hotham as the most recent of the two treasurers, then the petition would date to after June 1318, Norwich's previous term ending in May 1317.
Date: [1317-1320]
Held by: The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s)
A2A Now TNA
Petitioners: Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury).
Reference: SC 8/195/9744 Note: C 143/139/18 is dated 13 Edward II (8 July 1319-7 July 1320),
This petition must date from shortly afterwards. The borough of Dartmouth, originally comprised three distinct settlements, Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, sometimes combined, as here, into a single place name.
Date: c. 1319] Related material: For the inquisition ad quod damnum mentioned here, see C 143/139/18
C 143/139 Description: Inquisitions taken as a result of applications to the Crown for licences to alienate land.
C 143/139/18 Nicholas de Teukesbyry to have a grant that his town of Clifton Dartmouth Hardenash shall be a free borough. Devon
date 13 Edward II 1320
reference: C 131/172/50 1325
Description: Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].
Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche. Amount: £100. Before whom: Chancery.
When taken: 02/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325 Last term: 19/05/1325.
Writ to: Sheriff of Devon Sent by: Chancery
Endorsement: Matthew de Crowthorne, Sheriff, replies that Nicholas de Tewkesbury divested himself of all his lands and tenements in the bailiwick fifteen days before this writ arrived, and therefore it could not be executed; afterwards, on 11/08/1325, another writ arrived for half Nicholas's lands, to be returned on 18/11/1325.
Note: Inquisition and return: Date given for the return to Chancery: 11/08/1325. [C 131/2/14 is a duplicate]
In the same part of the world
Devon Record Office 3799M-0/ET/25/1 1364
Contents: Grant for 13 years
1. Thomas of la POMEROY
2. John Fisschre., John Capoun, John Tailour
Premises: all the coppice wood growing in 1.'s woods of Bixynore and Hailes
Rent: 20/- payable at 'San.' in the house of Walter atte Burghe called le Reale
Condition: if Fissachre do not pay the rent, cut down oak, ash or coppice wood outside the term granted, or do not keep the wood of Hailes enclosed, then Pomeroy is allowed to re-enter the woods and retain them.
Fissachre, Capoun & Tailor bind themselves in £10 to pay for this transgression
Date: Stoke Basset, Monday after St Michael, 38 Edward III
Seals: three; first missing, second a heraldic beast, possibly a lion, third a man's head in an eight-pointed star
Bixynor is English Bicknor on the river Wye near Symonds Yat seen here
Goodritch & its Castle & St Briavels castle are near by all in the Forest of Dean.
The river Wye flows past Symond Yat , Chepstow & its castle into the Severn estuary near Bristol
Hailes refers to Hailes Abbey about 12 miles fro Tewkesbury.
.CP 25/1/44/63, number 35. County: Devon. Place: Westminster. DATED 1382 - Nicholas of Tewkesbury died in about 1380
This appears to be as a reult of that death
Date: Two weeks from Easter, 3 Richard [II] [8 April 1380]. And afterwards one week from Holy Trinity, 5 Richard [II] [8 June 1382
Parties querents Nicholas Kirkham, John Hulle, John Blake, John Fillegh', Robert Hulle and Richard Foldhay.
deforciant Thomas de Beauchamp'
Property: The manors of Clifton' and Clauton', which Nicholas de la Pom'ay holds for life by the law of England.
Action: Plea of covenant.
Agreement: Thomas has granted for himself and his heirs that the manors - which Nicholas de la Pom'ay held for life by the law of England of the inheritance of Thomas on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay ought to revert to Thomas and his heirs - after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay shall remain to Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard and the heirs of Robert, to hold of the chief lords for ever.
Warranty. For this: Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard have given him 200 marks of silver.
C14th Trade was flourishing in Dartmouth
1317 The National Archives, Kew.
Nicholas of Tewkesbury
Nature of request: Copy of an inquisition concerning the order to Tewkesbury to ship various cargoes of grain to Berwick; the sending of the grain by various ships, and the loss of the victuals at sea.
Places mentioned: Kings Tamerton, Devon; Dartmouth, [Devon]; Faversham, [Kent]; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Portsmouth, [Hampshire]; Dunwich, [Suffolk]; Topsham, [Devon]; Plymouth, [Devon]; Exeter, [Devon]; Great Yarmouth, [Norfolk].
People mentioned: William de Bourne; Robert de Stokhee; Nicholas de Bokeshyde; Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury), late sheriff of Devon; John Fiket of Dunwich; Nicholas Page, attorney of Walter de Waldestheve; Walter de Langeden, attorney of Walter de Waldestheve; Walter de Waldestheve, late butler of the king.
Note: The copy of an inquisition dates to 1317-1320 with the petition to which it was formerly attached (SC 8/162/8095).
The inquisition itself is dated in its dating clause to Thursday in the vigil of St Martin, 11 Edw. II,
(either 10 Nov. 1317, or 3 July 1318).Date: [1317-132
The Merchant class was on the rise in the 14th century and a merchant might have a factor or representative in each town his exported goods passed through. This could be a family member who, when he had gained experience, might start his own business. Over the nexyt few
Shipping corn ( Wheat Barley & Rye) amongst other things, from the fertile farmlands lands around Worcester & the Cotswolds & Vale of Severn downriver from Tewkesbury, then by the river Severn to Bristol & thence to 'foreign parts' or in Nicholas's case , south round Lands End & into Falmouth. Then along the south coast to Kings Tamerton, inthe Tamar estury & up river from Plymouth ,then Dartmouth then to Axmouth, then Portsmouth or Southampton east along the south coast & round into the Thames Estuary at Faversham or possibly Sandwich. Onwards into the North Sea , up the east coast to Dunwich, north of the Thames estuary, then to Great Yarmouth in Norfolk with furthest point on the east coast at Berwick on Tweed on English border with Scotland a trip of around 900 miles.
BERWICK is on the north east coast of England at the mouth of the River Tweed near the border of England & Scotland. For centuries it suffered from the conflict between the two kingdoms ; control of the town passed back and forth between England and Scotland until after the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 when the 1st Stuart king James I of England & VI of Scotland , took the throne uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland.
The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s) Language: French (Norman French) Open Document,
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de.Haywode
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Haywood {Haywode}. Amount: £31 19s. 3d. Before whom: John le Blund, Mayor of London ( from 1301 to 1307)
1307 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1307 • Reference: C 241/57/166 • Subjects Debt | Trade & commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Heywood {Heywode}
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple.
1308 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1308 • Reference: C 241/61/94 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington, knight [of Cockington, Haytor Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Walter, the Bishop of Exeter [Devon]
1310 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 December 1310 • Reference: C 241/70/43 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in...
Debtor: Miles, burgess of Gloucester. Creditor: Simon Bull {Bole}, citizen of London [merchant]. Amount: £40,...
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level. London;
William Trent; in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and William Trent;
in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and Nicholas de Tewkesbury.
1313 When taken: 30/03/1313 First term: 15/04/1313 Last term: 15/04/1313
Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1313 Reference: C 241/81/179 Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Statute of Staple refers to wool trading
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in Galmpton and Hewish [Stanborough Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: The Abbot of Tavistock [Tavistock Hundred)
1310 • The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date:16 September 1310 • Reference: C 241/69/178
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: Sir Walter, Bishop of...(Probably Walter Stapledon and probably shipping wool and or wine )
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: Sir Walter, Bishop of Exeter [Devon] Amount: £20. Before whom: Roger Beyvyn, Mayor of Exeter; William de Haywood
1310 • The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 December 1310 • Reference: C 241/70/41 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, lord of Dartmouth [Coleridge Hundred] and Roger de Cockington, knight,
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, lord of Dartmouth [Coleridge Hundred] and Roger de Cockington, knight, of Devon.
Creditor: Philip Burde, burgess of Dartmouth [deceased]. Amount: £40.
Note: Executors of Philip: Robert de Ashburton, Walter Daumarle, and John de Combe.
1315 • The National Archives, Kew
Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 03 May 1315 • Reference: C 241/80/10
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth] of [Coleridge Hundred] Devon.
Creditor: Sir John Tracy [deceased; held part of a fee in North Bovey [Teignbridge Hundred], in Stedleigh [Shirwell
Note: Executors of Sir John: William de Wooley, Roger de Mortho, and Robert de Bickleigh.
1315 05 November Reference: C 241/84/81 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Thomas de Arcubus, citizen..
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Original files of writs and returns.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Thomas de Arcubus, citizen of London.
Amount £40. In Chancery. Taken: 01/05/1315 First term
Note: Inquisition and return: M. 2: Extent made at Kingsbridge before Matthew de Cliveden, Sheriff of Devon.
1317 • The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 04 May 1317 • Reference: C 131/1/8 Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Unexecuted writs; writs detached from their lost returns; writs de liberacione.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].
Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche.
Amount: £100. Chancery
Dates 02/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325
1325 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 July 1325 • Reference:C 131/172/50 • Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Original files of writs and returns.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].
Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche. Amount: £100.
When taken: 03/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325 Note: Manor of Hewish [in Crewkerne Hundred, Somerset.] there are 97 acres of arable, worth 4d. an acre; 10 acres of meadow, worth 12d. an acre; 10 acres of marsh, worth 3d. an acre; 2 water-mills, worth 40s. an acre.
1325 • The National Archives, Kew -
Date: 05 December 1325 • Reference: C 131/2/14 • Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Addressed to John Stratford (dated) and London.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], of Devon., and Gilbert at the Moor of Hants.
Creditor: Henry de Cosford, citizen and blader [merchant] of London. Amount: 50marks
1330 • The National Archives, Kew Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 16 September 1310 • Reference: C 241/69/180
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington [of Cockington, Haytor Hundred, Devon.], knight. (who had renounced his familyr name of FitzMartin,)
Creditor: Sir Robert, the Abbot of Tavistock [Tavistock
1332 The National Archives, Kew
Date: 1332 • Reference: C 241/104/185 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: John Somery of Devon.
Creditor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, clerk [of London] Amount: £300.
1332 Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: John Somery of Devon.
Creditor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, clerk [of London] Amount: £300.
Before whom: John de Pulteney, Mayor of London; Henry de St Osyth, Clerk.
When taken: 09/07/1332 First Date:[1317-1320]
Date: 1332 • Reference: C 241/112/35 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Reference:SC 8/162/8096
Description: Petitioners: ? No Petitioner named Nature of request:
Copy of an inquisition concerning the order to Nicholas of Tewkesbury to ship various cargoes of grain to Berwick; the sending of the grain by various ships, and the loss of the victuals at sea.
Nature of endorsement • [None].
Places mentioned: Exeter, [Devon]; Devon; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Exmouth, [Devon].
Nicholas had 100 acres of arable worth 8d an acre in the manor of Hywysh; 5½ acres of meadow
Connection to Huish there is also 2 villages called Huish in Somerset
GENUKI
HUISH, a small village on the west side of the Torridge valley, of about 1100 acres of land, of which 722 acres are in the extensive parks of Heanton Sackville, which are partly in the parish of Petrockstow, where the old mansion was burnt down in te 19th century.
Wikipedia gives us
Huish Manor held by Gotshelm
The manor is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hiwis, the 2nd of the 28 Devonshire holdings of Gotshelm,[7] one of the Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief of King William the Conqueror. He held it in demesne.[8] The tenant before the Norman Conquest of 1066 was an Anglo-Saxon named Alwy.[9] It is today believed to have been centred on the estate of Lovistone,[10] within the parish. Gotshelm was an Anglo-Norman magnate and was the brother of Walter de Claville (floruit 1086),[11] also a Devon Domesday Book tenant-in-chief, who as listed in the Domesday Book had 32 holdings in Devon from the king.[12] Before the end of the 13th century the Devonshire estates of both brothers formed part of the feudal barony of Gloucester.[13]
In Kirkby's Quest, a survey of 1284–1285, the manor of Huish was recorded as being held by Richard de Hiwis,[14] whose family had, as was usual, taken their surname from their seat. According to the Book of Fees (pre-1302), the estate of Lovelleston (today Lovistone), within the parish, was however held by Robert Pollard,[15] directly from the feudal barony of Gloucester.The last in the male line of the de Hiwis family was William de Hiwis, who died without issue late in the reign of King Edward III, whose sister and heiress Emma de Hiwis married Sir Robert Tresilian[16] (d.1388), Chief Justice of the King's Bench, after whose execution she remarried to Sir John Coleshill. ( Sir William Pole (d.1635
The Battle of Tewkesbury 1471 HERE
Tewkesbury lies 50 miles upstream from Bristol, on the confluence of the River Avon, which flows south past Worcester on to Tewkesbury, and the River Severn with rises in the depths of Wales.
The Abbey replaced a Saxon Church and monastery, of which no trace remains and in 1121 with the Abbey consecrated by the Bishop of Worcester assisted by four other bishops.
Tewkesbury is credited with one of the most beautiful Norman towers in the world & was a busy trading town for centuries. The 1471 Battle of Tewkesbury saw the rise of the house of York under Edward Iv when his army defeated the Lancastrian army of the "sleeping King' Henry VI & his very unpopular French queen Margaret of Anjou. She led the Lanastrian army,staying over night at Gupshil Manor before the batter that lost her her son Edward Pronce of Wales and ultimately her husband the King.
Sir St Clere Pomeroy, te heir to the Pomeroy barony , fought at the battle of Tewkesbury at the beginning of May He died at the end of May whereabouts unlnown. He may well have been borought home to Devon becaue his wife the young Cathrine Coutrtenay in her Will requested to be buried at Grey Friars in Exeter. It was customary for wives to be buried with their 1st husband, althougj she wasnt but her will tells us she requested it. Her request may have ben overruled by her 3rd husband, Sir William Hungerford a rich & powerful man, a Privy Councillor & Attorney General to the new king Edward IV.
A few miles away hidden away in the Vale of Severn & set close to the edge of the Cotswold hills was Hailes Abbey a powerful & influential Cistercian abbey founded in 1246 by Richard of Cornwall, It lies very close the a Salt Way that runs from the Droitwich salt mines, south along the scarp edge of the Cotwold hills to the coast at Weymouth.
Monasteries were self sustaining micro-economies. At the same time, they were part of a wide-ranging, international trade.Their tenant farmers would agree to run large flocks of sheep alongside their own flocks, to raise the wool needed by the monks; or monastery owned sheep would be grazed on common land.
Wool was only one aspect of monastic economies;they also had tanneries and corn mills were also common, as were raising other livestock, rabbit warrens and fishponds – monasteries also owned lead mines. Whilst it’s hard to overstate the importance of wool to the monastic economy,
Gupshill Manor
Tewkesbury Abbey in Spring AJP 1988
Hailes Abbey
This was an exceedingly wealthy and infuencial Cistercian abbey founded in 1246 by Richard, Earl of Cornwall.
3 miles north of Winchcombe the Anciet Capital of Mercia Amongst those buried at the Hailes Abbey were the founder Earl Richard
& his second wife, Sanchia of Provence and his sons, Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall & Henry of Almain.
Hailes .At one time there was a moated ringwork castle at Hailes , built in 11th or early 12th century, near the church in the village. The castle was strengthened by Ralph of Worcester at the start of the difficult years of the Anarchy, with Hailes Castle playing a role in the conflict between 1139 and 1145. When the abbey was built the castle became partly incorporated into the inner precinct of the Abbey.
It became a site of pilgrimage after Richard's son Edmund donated to the Cistercian community a phial of the Holy Blood purchased in Germany, in 1270. Such a relic of the Crucifixion was a considerable magnet for pilgrimage. From the proceeds, the monks of Hailes were able to rebuild the Abbey on a magnificent scale. One Abbot of Hailes was executed as a rebel after the Battle of Bramham Moor, in 1408.
THE
MISBEHAVING MONKS
OF
HAILES ABBEY
Cistercian monks were held to extremely high standards of behaviour standards they didn’t always meet. Visitation records from abbots who came to inspect Hailes Abbey offer tantalising glimpses into the lives of the monks who lived there and the vices that may have tempted them. Read about their apparent misdemeanours – from visiting taverns to singing hymns at the wrong pitch – and step into the demanding world of a Cistercian monk….The abbey was poorly administered & in 1397, Henry Alcestre was elected as abbot but seems to have been rapidly deposed. In 1412 he was blamed for letting the buildings of the abbey fall to ruin and running up debts of over £600. The income of the abbey had been reduced to just £100 per year, insufficient to support the 22 monks.
The last abbot of Hailes – Stephen Sagar – was elected in 1527. Sagar cannot have foreseen that within ten years the shrine of the Holy Blood would be dismantled and the monastery itself reduced to ruins.
In the early 1530s Henry VIII sought to reform what he viewed as the abuses of the Catholic Church. Attacks were launched on the cult of saints and the veneration of relics and Hailes Abbey was soon in the sights of the reformers. By 1538 the relic had been denounced as a fake and the shrine destroyed.
The following year Hailes fell victim to Henry VIII’s Suppression of the Monasteries, which resulted in the closure of 840 religious houses across England and Wales. The end for Hailes came on Christmas Eve 1539 when Abbot Sagar and the community of 21 monks signed the surrender deed.
The abbey’s gold and silver plates were removed to the Tower of London. The lead was stripped from the roofs and melted into 119 large bars called fothers. The site was also thoroughly pillaged by locals, eager to profit from the fall of the monastery. The buildings were sold to Robert Acton, a dealer in monastic property.
The church and many of the other buildings were deemed superfluous and rapidly demolished, but the former abbot’s house in the west range and several agricultural buildings were retained and converted into a country estate.
There were number of Priories all connected by trackways and lanes across the Vale of Severn . There was Deerhurst, Little Malvern, Gloucester, Winchcombe, Tewkesbury with its glorious Abbey Church , Evesham, Pershore and Worcester. Hereford lies to the west & still has ts Benedictine Abbey ;
Mainly founded in the 12th century these centres of charity and religious intent were lost when Henry VIII laid waste to the monastic system during the Dissolution in the late 1530’s. The lossof the work the monastaries did & their charitable efforts was immense, the disappearence of support for the poor, of food kitchens of work & their hospitals caused great distress & unhappiness in the countryside.