Nicholas of Tewkesbury  
                        Sheriff of Devon,  Lord of Dartmouth

From  The River Severn at Tewkesbury to  Berwick on Tweed in Northumbrland, the Scottish Border
the journey under sail is around 900 miles

National Archives    SC 8/162/8095  1317-  1320

Petitioners: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon. Addressees: King and council.

Nature of request: Nicholas de Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has  been delayed

• Let the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer be commanded to view the letters sent to them by the king upon the contents of the petition, and also the inquisitions taken upon this, and they should make allowance according to the tenor of the orders and inquisitions. If there is a reasonable cause whereby this ought not to be done then the king is to be certified

Note:

The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318, and this petition refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Norwich served several terms, but if the treasurers are referred to in the order that they served, Hotham served from May 1317 to June 1318, and Norwich from September 1319 to February 1320, which would date to after February 1320. If the references refer to Hotham as the most recent of the two treasurers, then the petition would date to after June 1318, Norwich's previous term ending in May 1317.

Date: [1317-1320]

Held by: The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s)

A2A    Now TNA 

Petitioners: Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury). 

Reference: SC 8/195/9744 Note: C 143/139/18 is dated 13 Edward II (8 July 1319-7 July 1320),
This petition must date from shortly afterwards. The borough of Dartmouth, originally comprised three distinct settlements, Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, sometimes combined, as here, into a single place name.
Date: c. 1319]  Related material: For the inquisition ad quod damnum mentioned here, see C 143/139/18 

C 143/139/18
Description: Nicholas de Teukesbyry to have a grant that his town of Clifton Dartmouth Hardeness shall be a free borough. Devon.

 Date: 13 EDWARD II.

• C 143/139 Description: Inquisitions taken as a result of applications  to the Crown for licences to alienate land.

C 143/139/18 Nicholas de Teukesbyry to have a grant that his town of Clifton Dartmouth Hardenash shall be a free borough. Devon
date 13 Edward II 1320

reference: C 131/172/50   1325

Description: Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].

Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche. Amount: £100. Before whom: Chancery. 

When taken: 02/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325  Last term: 19/05/1325.    
Writ to: Sheriff of Devon      Sent by: Chancery
Endorsement: Matthew de Crowthorne, Sheriff, replies that Nicholas de Tewkesbury divested himself of all his lands and tenements in the bailiwick fifteen days before this writ arrived, and therefore it could not be executed; afterwards, on 11/08/1325, another writ arrived for half Nicholas's lands, to be returned on 18/11/1325.

Note: Inquisition and return: Date given for the return to Chancery: 11/08/1325. [C 131/2/14 is a duplicate]

.CP 25/1/44/63, number 35.
County: Devon. Place: Westminster. DATED 1382  - Nicholas of Tewkesbury died in about 1380 

This appears to be as a reult of that death

Date: Two weeks from Easter, 3 Richard [II] [8 April 1380]. And afterwards one week from Holy Trinity, 5 Richard [II]  [8 June 1382 

Parties querents Nicholas Kirkham, John Hulle, John Blake, John Fillegh', Robert Hulle and Richard Foldhay.

deforciant Thomas de Beauchamp'

Property: The manors of Clifton' and Clauton', which Nicholas de la Pom'ay holds for life by the law of England.

Action: Plea of covenant.

Agreement: Thomas has granted for himself and his heirs that the manors - which Nicholas de la Pom'ay held for life by the law of England of the inheritance of Thomas on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay ought to revert to Thomas and his heirs - after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay shall remain to Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard and the heirs of Robert, to hold of the chief lords for ever.

Warranty. For this: Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard have given him 200 marks of silver.

The Merchant class was on the rise in the 14th century  and  a merchant might have a factor  or representative in each town his exported goods passed through. This could be a family member who, when he had gained experience, might start his own business. Over the nexyt few 

Shipping  corn ( Wheat Barley & Rye)  amongst other things, from the fertile farmlands lands around Worcester  & the Cotswolds & Vale of Severn  downriver from Tewkesbury, then by the river Severn to Bristol & thence to 'foreign parts' or in Nicholas's case , south round  Lands End & into Falmouth. Then along the south coast to Kings Tamerton, inthe Tamar estury & up river from Plymouth ,then Dartmouth then to Axmouth,  then Portsmouth  or Southampton  east along the south coast & round into the Thames Estuary at Faversham or possibly Sandwich.  Onwards into the North Sea , up the east coast to Dunwich, north of the Thames estuary, then to Great Yarmouth in Norfolk with furthest point on the east coast at Berwick on Tweed on English border with Scotland a trip of around 900 miles.

BERWICK is on the north east coast of England  at the mouth of the River Tweed near the border of England & Scotland. For centuries it suffered from the conflict between the two kingdoms ; control of the town passed back and forth between England and Scotland until after the death of Elizabeth I  in 1603 when the 1st Stuart king  James I of England & VI of Scotland , took the throne uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland.

The  National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s) Language: French (Norman French)  Open Document,  

Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry}  lord  of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de.Haywode
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Haywood {Haywode}. Amount: £31 19s. 3d. Before whom: John le Blund, Mayor of London ( from 1301 to 1307)

1307 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1307 • Reference: C 241/57/166 • Subjects Debt | Trade & commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Heywood {Heywode}
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. 
 

1308 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1308 • Reference: C 241/61/94 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington, knight [of Cockington, Haytor Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Walter, the Bishop of Exeter [Devon]  

1310 The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 December 1310 • Reference: C 241/70/43 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in...
Debtor: Miles, burgess of Gloucester. Creditor: Simon Bull {Bole}, citizen of London [merchant]. Amount: £40,...
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level. London;
William Trent; in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and William Trent;
in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and Nicholas de Tewkesbury.

1313 When taken: 30/03/1313 First term: 15/04/1313 Last term: 15/04/1313
Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1313 Reference: C 241/81/179 Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Statute of Staple refers to wool trading
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description  available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas  de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in Galmpton and Hewish [Stanborough Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: The Abbot of Tavistock [Tavistock Hundred)

1310 •  The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date:16 September 1310 • Reference: C 241/69/178
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: Sir Walter, Bishop of...(Probably Walter Stapledon and probably shipping wool and or wine )
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: Sir Walter, Bishop of Exeter [Devon] Amount: £20. Before whom: Roger Beyvyn, Mayor of Exeter; William de Haywood

1310 •  The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 December 1310 • Reference: C 241/70/41 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, lord of Dartmouth [Coleridge Hundred] and Roger de Cockington, knight,
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, lord of Dartmouth [Coleridge Hundred] and Roger de Cockington, knight, of Devon.
Creditor: Philip Burde, burgess of Dartmouth [deceased]. Amount: £40.
Note: Executors of Philip: Robert de Ashburton, Walter Daumarle, and John de Combe.

1315 •  The National Archives, Kew
Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 03 May 1315 • Reference: C 241/80/10
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas  de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth] of [Coleridge Hundred] Devon.
Creditor: Sir John Tracy [deceased; held part of a fee in North Bovey [Teignbridge Hundred], in Stedleigh [Shirwell

Note: Executors of Sir John: William de Wooley, Roger de Mortho, and Robert de Bickleigh.

  1315 05 November    Reference: C 241/84/81 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas  de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon].
Creditor:  Thomas de Arcubus, citizen..
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Original files of writs and returns.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Thomas de Arcubus, citizen of London.
Amount £40. In Chancery. Taken: 01/05/1315 First term
Note: Inquisition and return: M. 2: Extent made at Kingsbridge before Matthew de Cliveden, Sheriff of Devon.

1317 •  The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 04 May 1317 • Reference: C 131/1/8 Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Unexecuted writs; writs detached from their lost returns; writs de liberacione.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].
Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche.
Amount: £100. Chancery
Dates 02/03/1325  First term: 19/05/1325

1325  The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 July 1325 • Reference:C 131/172/50 • Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Extents for Debts, Series I. Original files of writs and returns.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].
Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche. Amount: £100.
When taken: 03/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325    Note: Manor of Hewish [in Crewkerne Hundred, Somerset.] there are 97 acres of arable, worth 4d. an acre; 10 acres of meadow, worth 12d. an acre; 10 acres of marsh, worth 3d. an acre; 2 water-mills, worth 40s. an acre.

1325 •  The National Archives, Kew -
Date: 05 December 1325 • Reference: C 131/2/14 • Subjects: Debt
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Addressed to  John Stratford (dated) and London.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], of Devon., and Gilbert at the Moor of Hants.
Creditor: Henry de Cosford, citizen and blader [merchant] of London. Amount: 50marks

1330 •  The National Archives, Kew Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 16 September 1310 • Reference: C 241/69/180
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington [of Cockington, Haytor Hundred, Devon.], knight. (who had renounced his familyr name of  FitzMartin,)
Creditor: Sir Robert, the Abbot of Tavistock [Tavistock

1332  The National Archives, Kew
Date: 1332 • Reference: C 241/104/185 • Subjects:  Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: John Somery of Devon.
Creditor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, clerk [of London] Amount: £300. 

1332 Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: John Somery of Devon.
Creditor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, clerk [of London] Amount: £300.
Before whom: John de Pulteney, Mayor of London; Henry de St Osyth, Clerk.
When taken: 09/07/1332 First Date:[1317-1320]

Date: 1332 • Reference: C 241/112/35 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Reference:SC 8/162/8096 
Description: Petitioners: ? No Petitioner named Nature of request:
Copy of an inquisition concerning the order to Nicholas of Tewkesbury to ship various cargoes of grain to Berwick; the sending of the grain by various ships, and the loss of the victuals at sea.
Nature of endorsement • [None].
Places mentioned: Exeter, [Devon]; Devon; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Exmouth, [Devon].
 

Wikipedia gives us
Huish Manor held by Gotshelm

The manor is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hiwis, the 2nd of the 28 Devonshire holdings of Gotshelm,[7] one of the Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief of King William the Conqueror. He held it in demesne.[8] The tenant before the Norman Conquest of 1066 was an Anglo-Saxon named Alwy.[9] It is today believed to have been centred on the estate of Lovistone,[10] within the parish. Gotshelm was an Anglo-Norman magnate and was the brother of Walter de Claville (floruit 1086),[11] also a Devon Domesday Book tenant-in-chief, who as listed in the Domesday Book had 32 holdings in Devon from the king.[12] Before the end of the 13th century the Devonshire estates of both brothers formed part of the feudal barony of Gloucester.[13]

de Hiwis

In Kirkby's Quest, a survey of 1284–1285, the manor of Huish was recorded as being held by Richard de Hiwis,[14] whose family had, as was usual, taken their surname from their seat. According to the Book of Fees (pre-1302), the estate of Lovelleston (today Lovistone), within the parish, was however held by Robert Pollard,[15] directly from the feudal barony of Gloucester.The last in the male line of the de Hiwis family was William de Hiwis, who died without issue late in the reign of King Edward III, whose sister and heiress Emma de Hiwis married Sir Robert Tresilian[16] (d.1388), Chief Justice of the King's Bench, after whose execution she remarried to Sir John Coleshill. ( Sir William Pole (d.1635

Hailes Abbey
This was an exceedingly wealthy and infuencial Cistercian abbey founded in 1246 by  Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 
3  miles north of  Winchcombe the Anciet Capital of Mercia   Amongst  those buried at the Hailes Abbey were the founder Earl Richard
  & his second wife, Sanchia  of Provence and his sons, Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall  & Henry of Almain.

Hailes  .At one time there was a moated ringwork castle at Hailes , built in 11th or early 12th century, near the church in the village.  The castle was strengthened by Ralph of Worcester at the start of the difficult years of the Anarchy, with Hailes Castle playing a role in the conflict between 1139 and 1145.  When the abbey was built the castle became partly incorporated into the inner precinct of the Abbey.

It  became a site of pilgrimage after Richard's son Edmund donated  to the Cistercian community a phial of the Holy Blood purchased in Germany, in 1270. Such a relic of the Crucifixion was a considerable magnet for pilgrimage.  From the proceeds, the monks of Hailes were able to rebuild the Abbey on a magnificent scale.  One Abbot of Hailes was executed as a rebel after the Battle of Bramham Moor, in 1408.

Cistercian monks were held to extremely high standards of behaviour  standards they didn’t always meet. Visitation records from abbots who came to inspect Hailes Abbey offer tantalising glimpses into the lives of the monks who lived there and the vices that may have tempted them. Read about their apparent misdemeanours – from visiting taverns to singing hymns at the wrong pitch – and step into the demanding world of a Cistercian monk….The abbey was  poorly administered & in 1397, Henry Alcestre was elected as abbot but seems to have been rapidly deposed. In 1412 he was blamed for letting the buildings of the abbey fall to ruin and running up debts of over £600. The income of the abbey had been reduced to just £100 per year, insufficient to support the 22 monks.

The last abbot of Hailes – Stephen Sagar – was elected in 1527. Sagar cannot have foreseen that within ten years the shrine of the Holy Blood would be dismantled and the monastery itself reduced to ruins.

In the early 1530s Henry VIII sought to reform what he viewed as the abuses of the Catholic Church. Attacks were launched on the cult of saints and the veneration of relics and Hailes Abbey was soon in the sights of the reformers. By 1538 the relic had been denounced as a fake and the shrine destroyed.

The following year Hailes fell victim to Henry VIII’s Suppression of the Monasteries, which resulted in the closure of 840 religious houses across England and Wales. The end for Hailes came on Christmas Eve 1539 when Abbot Sagar and the community of 21 monks signed the surrender deed.

The abbey’s gold and silver plates were removed to the Tower of London. The lead was stripped from the roofs and melted into 119 large bars called fothers. The site was also thoroughly pillaged by locals, eager to profit from the fall of the monastery. The buildings were sold to Robert Acton, a dealer in monastic property.
The church and many of the other buildings were deemed superfluous and rapidly demolished, but the former abbot’s house in the west range and several agricultural buildings were retained and converted into a country estate.

There were number of  Priories all connected by trackways and lanes across the Vale of Severn . There was Deerhurst, Little  Malvern, Gloucester, Winchcombe,  Tewkesbury with its glorious Abbey Church , Evesham, Pershore and Worcester. Hereford lies to the west & still has ts Benedictine Abbey ; 

Mainly founded in the 12th century these centres  of charity  and religious intent were lost  when Henry VIII laid waste to  the monastic system during  the Dissolution in the late 1530’s. The lossof the work the monastaries did & their charitable efforts was immense, the disappearence of support  for the poor, of food kitchens  of work  & their hospitals  caused great distress & unhappiness in the countryside.