Stewart Family Line

Stewart Family Line

Children:

1. Robert G. McFarland b. ca. 1570, Arrochar, Dunbartonshire, Scotland d. 1610, Scotland

About Irene Stewart

Biography

Irene was born in 1550. [1]

Sources

↑ Source will be added by Christopher Fisher by 29 Aug 2019.

Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931 : The Scots Peerage : Founded On Wood's Ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage Of Scotland; Containing An Historical And Genealogical Account Of The Nobility Of That Kingdom : Free Download, Borrow, And Streaming : Internet Archive". 2021. Internet Archive. Robert Stewart, Earl of Orkney, Vol VI, pps 572-5

* Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy.

References:

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9T6-Z81

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I117423&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-34690

________________________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 11x Great-Grandfather:

My 13x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 14x Great-Grandfather:

Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney (1533 - 1593)

Robert Stewart, Ist Earl of Orkney, Lord of Zetland

Robert Stewart, Knight, 1st Earl of Orkney and Lord of Zetland

Sir Robert Stewart

Also Known As: "Sir Robert Stewart of Strathdon", "feuar of the lands and lordship of Orkney and Shetland"

Birthdate: March 1533

Birthplace: Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic / Presbyterian

Royal House: Stewart

Titles of Nobility: 1539, Commendator of Holyrood Abbey; 1557, France, Commendator of Charlieu Abbey; May 15, 1565, Knighted, was knighted as Sir Robert Stewart of Strathdon on 15 May 1565, as part of marriage celebrations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley; 1581, Orkney, Scotland, 1st Earl of Orkney. In 1581 he was named, by James VI, the 1st Earl in a second creation of the Earldom of Orkney.

Occupation: In 1539 was made Commendator of Holyrood Abbey, and Commendator of Charlieu Abbey in France by 1557.

Death: February 4, 1593 in Donibristle, Fife, Scotland

Burial: Palace of the Yards, Stewart Aisle, Saint Magnus Cathedral and Churchyard, Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland

Parents:

James V King of Scotland

1512-1542

Euphemia Elphinstone

1509-1572

Family 1

Spouse:

Jean Kennedy

1537-1598

Jean Stewart, Countess of Orkney

Lady Janet Kennedy

Also Known As: "Jean Kennedy", "Jane", "Elizabeth", "Janet"

Birthdate: 1537

Birthplace: Kirkmichael, Ayrshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic / Presbyterian

Marriage: 14 December 1561 at Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Death: September 1598 in Orkney Islands, Scotland

Place of Burial: London, Greater London, England

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis and Dame Margaret Kennedy, Countess of Cassillis

Children:

1. Sir James Stewart 1560–1615

2. Henry Orkney 1561–1589

3. John Carrick 1561–1646

4. Robert Stewart 1561–1593

5. Mary Stewart 1561–1644

6. Katharine Stewart 1562–1631

7. Jean Stewart 1564–1642

8. Christiane Stewart 1565–1611

9. Henry Stewart, Master of Orkney 1566–1590

10. John Steward, Earl of Carrick 1574–1644

11. Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney 1568–1615

12. Sir Robert Stewart of Middleton 1570–

13. Elizabeth Stewart 1572–

14. Barbara Stewart 1580–

15. Elizabeth Stewart 1580–1642

16. Sir James Stewart of Eday and Tullos 1585–1653

Family 2

Spouse:

Catherine Dade

1549–

[children unknown]

Family 3

Spouse:

Janet Gray

Children:

1. Elizabeth Stewart 1575–1642

Family 4

Spouse:

Margaret Bellenden

1537–1600

Children:

1. James Stewart Baron of Renfrew, VI. 1569–1670

2. William Stewart 1570–1620

3. James Stewart

Family 5

Mistress:

Elizabeth Stewart

1532–1598

Elizabeth Stewart

Isobel Stewart

Birthdate: 1532

Birthplace: Atholl, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic / Presbyterian

Date of Marriage: [date unknown]

Place of Marriage: [place unknown]

Death: (possibly) 1598

Place of Burial: [unknown]

Immediate Family:

Daughter of John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Atholl (1507-1542) and Grizel Rattray (1511-1542)

See: Stewart Family Line (Atholl)

Children:

1. James William Stewart 1554–1629

2. Irene Stewart 1555–1570

Family 6

Spouse:

Janet Robertson

Children :

1. James Stewart, 1st of Graemsay & of Bigtoun 1565-1611

About Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney

Biography

Robert Stewart, Knt., 1st Earl of Orkney and Lord of Zetland (Shetland) (spring of 1533 – 4 February 1593), was a recognized illegitimate son of James V Stewart, King of Scotland and his mistress, Euphame Elphinstone.

Robert Stewart was half-brother to Mary, Queen of Scots and uncle to James VI and I of Scotland and England.[1][2]

Robert married Lady Janet Kennedy, daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassillis and Margaret Kennedy, on 14 Dec 1561 at Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.[1][2]

In 1539 Robert was made Commendator of Holyrood Abbey, and Commendator of Charlieu Abbey in France by 1557.[1][2] On 9 Feb 1560 he testified against the Hamilton Duke of Châtellerault and Earl of Arran, and the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to James MacGill and John Bellenden of Auchnoule. They were collecting evidence for Henri Cleutin and Jacques de la Brosse, the French advisors of his step-mother Mary of Guise who planned to have the Hamiltons charged with treason against his half-sister, Mary, Queen of Scots and France. Robert himself had signed some of the letters that were to be cited as evidence.[2]

Robert was knighted as Sir Robert Stewart of Strathdon on 15 May 1565, as part of marriage celebrations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1581 he was named, by James VI, the 1st Earl in a second creation of the Earldom of Orkney. The new earldom replaced a short-lived Dukedom of Orkney, which had been awarded in 1567 by Mary, Queen of Scots, to her notorious third husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. This dukedom was forfeit later that same year after Mary was forced to abdicate and Bothwell was charged with treason. Prior to this dukedom there had existed an Earldom of Orkney that was surrendered in 1470 by William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney.[2]

Mary wrote a will at Sheffield in 1577 ineffectually declaring his title to Orkney null and void, after Robert was imprisoned in 1575 for obtaining a letter from the King of Denmark declaring him sovereign of Orkney. His crimes included colluding with Shetland pirates. The Earl was imprisoned at Linlithgow Palace. He was released in 1579.

Robert Stewart built the Palace of Birsay on Orkney, Scotland.[2] The castle was constructed in two phases. The first phase of work, begun in the 1570s, consisted of the great hall located in the south range, above the main door. Beside this was Lord Orkney's private chamber in the south-east corner tower. An inscription above the entrance, dated 1574, marks this phase.

The second phase, completed in the 1580s, saw a new range containing a great hall and chamber built on the north side of the courtyard. The second phase probably followed Robert's acquisition of the Earldom of Orkney in 1581. After the death of Robert Stewart, the palace was used only occasionally by later earls of Orkney, and was not occupied after the mid-17th century.[3] On his death in 1593 the earldom passed to his son Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney.[2]

Robert Stewart died 4 Feb 1592/93.[1] He was buried in the Stewart Aisle at Saint Magnus Cathedral and Churchyard in Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland.[4]

Children of Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney and Lady Janet Kennedy

Earl Robert and Lady Janet had nine children.[1]

Children of Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney

Earl Robert had a large number of illegitimate children.[1]

Sources

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931, ed. dn. The Scots peerage; founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom. Edinburgh : D. Douglas. 1904. Stewart, Earl of Orkney, pp. 573-7.

↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Wikipedia Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney

↑ Wikipedia Earl’s Palace, Birsay

↑ Robert Stewart Find A Grave: Memorial #84549118

Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931 : The Scots Peerage : Founded On Wood's Ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage Of Scotland; Containing An Historical And Genealogical Account Of The Nobility Of That Kingdom : Free Download, Borrow, And Streaming : Internet Archive". 2021. Internet Archive. Robert Stewart, Earl of Orkney, Vol VI, pps 572-5

The Peerage : accessed 25 Jun 2018

The Kith and Kin Chronicles Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney and Lord of Shetland

Undiscovered Scotland Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney

______________________________________________________

He made his name through his ruthless and despotic establishment of what became virtually a separate kingdom in the Northern Isles, which he then passed on to his son, Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline.

In 1561 Robert married Janet Kennedy, daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassillis. They went on to have five sons and four daughters. Among them were Patrick Stewart, who became 2nd Earl of Orkney; and John Stewart, the 1st and last Earl of Carrick. Robert also had a number of illegitimate children by other women.

As a child in 1539, Robert Stewart had been granted the income and lands of Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh. He was a strong supporter of his half-sister Mary Queen of Scots during her reign, and he was amply rewarded when in 1564 Mary Queen of Scots granted him the Royal estates in Orkney and Shetland together with the post of Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland.

In 1568 Robert extended his landholdings in Orkney by exchanging his interests in Holyrood Abbey with the Orkney estates of Bishop Adam Bothwell, in an arrangement apparently forced on the Bishop. Robert's new properties included a large estate around Birsay which had historically been the site of a cathedral and for some centuries had been used by the Bishops of Orkney as the location of a country retreat. Over the following five years Robert built what is now known as the Earl's Palace in Birsay.

By 1570 Bishop Bothwell and many others from Orkney were complaining that Robert's approach amounted to nothing less than tyranny: in effect his using islanders as slave labour on his construction projects. His chief instrument of oppression, especially in Shetland, was his half brother, Laurence Bruce, who he appointed Sheriff of Shetland. In 1575 Robert was imprisoned in Edinburgh. by the Regent for James VI, James Douglas, Earl of Morton: less because of his behaviour towards the islanders than because it came to light that he had offered Orkney to the King of Denmark, an act that amounted to treason. The following year he was also indicted in Edinburgh. for misuse of power in Orkney and Shetland, but never brought to trial.

Instead, Robert was released, and by 1581 engineered the execution of James Douglas, Earl of Morton by convincing his young half nephew, James VI, that Morton had had a hand in the murder of James' father, Lord Darnley.

And in the same year James VI made Robert Stewart the 1st Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland, and Knight of Birsay. The Earldom of Orkney replaced the short-lived Dukedom of Orkney, which had been granted in 1567 by Mary Queen of Scots to her third husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. This was among the titles forfeited by Bothwell after Mary's abdication. Confusingly, although Robert was the 1st Earl, there had been a previous "creation" of the Earldom of Orkney, bestowed on Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney, by King Håkon of Norway (then ruler of Orkney) on 2 August 1379. When James III secured Orkney and Shetland for Scotland in 1470, William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney relinquished his Earldom to the King (he had other titles) in return for estates around Ravenscraig (now on the edge of Kirkcaldy) in Fife.

Further complaints followed about Robert's treatment of islanders, but he survived to die peacefully in his bed on 4 February 1593. He was succeeded by his, if anything, even less likable son, Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney. Robert Stewart left an indelible mark on the Northern Isles, both in terms of his impact as a tyrant, and in stone. The considerable ruins of the Earl's Palace at Birsay still stand, and the ruins of the Palace he built near the southern tip of Shetland's Mainland now form part of the incredible Jarlshof complex.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-Stewart-1st-Earl-of-Orkney/6000000003646057142

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SB-T67

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I624&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-10070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney

https://www.stewartsociety.org/history-of-the-stewarts.cfm?section=famous-stewarts&subcatid=17&histid=511

https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/day-1593-death-island-despot-robert-stewart-1st-earl-orkney-1395199

https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney_(1533-1593)

Mistress Elizabeth Stewart:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-34691

________________________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 12x Great-Grandfather:

My 14x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 15x Great-Grandfather:

James V, King of Scotland (1512 - 1542)

James V Stewart, King of Scots

James V, Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Grand Steward of Scotland

Also Known As: "King of the Commons", "41st King of Scots; Seumas V Stiùbhairt", "King of Scotland", "King of Scots"

Birthdate: April 10, 1512

Birthplace: Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgowshire (now, West Lothian), Scotland

Christened: April 11, 1512 at

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Event: Crowned King, September 1513 at Stirlingshire, Scotland

Event: Abducted/Kidnapped, 1515, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland (The Regent Albany brought 7,000 men to Sterling Castle, abducted him from his mother, Margaret Tudor)

Titles of Nobility: June 14, 1528, Scotland, King of Scots / King of Scotland; Grand Steward of Scotland; Duke of Rothesay; Prince of Scotland; Earl of Moray

Occupation: King of Scots / King of Scotland

Death: December 14, 1542 in Falkland Castle, Fife, Scotland

Place of Burial: Holyrood House, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland

Parents:

James IV Stewart, King of Scotland

1473-1513

Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland

1489-1541

Family 1

Spouse:

Madeleine of Valois

1520-1537

Madeleine de Valois, Queen consort of Scots

Birthdate: August 10, 1520

Birthplace: Chateau St. Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Marriage: 1 January 1537 in Paris, Seine, France

Death: July 7, 1537 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland (Tuberculosis)

Place of Burial: St. Croix Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland (she died at age 16)

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Francis I of France and Claude de Valois-Orléans, Duchess of Brittany

[no children] - it's said she died a virgin

Family 2

Spouse:

Marie de Guise

1515-1560

Mary of Lorraine

Mary, Duchess of Longueville

Mary Stuart

Mary of Guise, Queen Consort of Scotland

Also Known As: "Mary of Guise", "Marie de Lorraine-Guise"

Birthdate: November 22, 1515

Birthplace: Bar-le-Duc, Lorraine, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: June 12, 1538

Place of Marriage: St Andrews, Fife, Scotland

Death: June 11, 1560 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Place of Burial: Saint Pierre de Reims, Rheims, Champagne-Ardenne, France

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Claude I de Lorraine, duc de Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon-Vendôme

Children:

1. James Stewart Duke of Rothesay 1540–1541

2. Arthur Duke of Albany Stewart 1541–1541

3. Robert Stewart Duke of Albany 1541–1541

4. Queen Mary Stuart I ("Mary Queen of Scots") 1542–1587

Family 3

Mistress:

Margaret Erskine

1515–1572

Lady Margaret Erskine, of Lennox

Birthdate: October 8, 1515

Birthplace: Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Death: May 5, 1572 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Place of Burial: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine and Margaret Campbell

Children:

1. James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray 1531–1570

Family 4

Mistress:

Elizabeth Bethune

1518–1567

Birthdate: 1518

Birthplace: Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

Death: circa 1567 in Scotland

Children:

1. Lady Jean Stewart 1536–1588

Family 5

Mistress:

Elizabeth Stewart

1520–1564

Elizabeth Sewall (?)

Birthdate: 1520

Death: November 25, 1564 in Warwickshire

Children:

1. Adam Stewart, Prior of Charterhouse 1535–1575

Family 6

Mistress:

Katherine Elizabeth Carmichael

1515–1552

Katherine Carmichael

Also Known As: "Elizabeth Carmichael"

Birthdate: 1515

Birthplace: Carmichael Estate (Castle & Manor), Bounytoun, Lanarkshire, Scotland

Death: March 1552 (36-37)

Ireland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir John Carmichael, 3rd of Meadowflat, Captain of Crawford Castle (1489-1567) and Katharine Charteris (?)

Children:

1. John Stewart 1st Lord Darnley 1531–1563

Family 7

Mistress:

Euphemia Elphinstone

1509-1572

Also Known As: "Euphame", "Eupheme"

Birthdate: May 11, 1509

Birthplace: Elphinstone, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Common-Law Marriage: ca. 1533

Place of Common-Law Marriage:

Death: 1572 in Shetland, Shetland Islands, Scotland (Poisoned?)

Place of Burial: Dunblane Cathedral, Dunblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Alexander Elphinstone, 1st Lord Elphinstone (1480-1513) and Elizabeth Barlow (1476-1518)

See: Elphinstone Family Line

Children:

1. Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney 1533–1593

2. Margaret Stuart 1539–1583

About James V, King of Scotland

James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss.

James was son of King James IV of Scotland and his queen Margaret Tudor, a daughter of Henry VII of England, and was the only legitimate child of James IV to survive infancy. He was born on 10 April 1512, at Linlithgow Palace and christened the next day, receiving the titles Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Grand Steward of Scotland. He became king at just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September 1513.

James was crowned in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle on 21 September 1513. During his childhood, the country was ruled by regents, first by his mother, until she remarried the following year, and then by John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, who was next in line to the throne after James and his younger brother, the posthumously-born Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross. Other regents included Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, a member of the Council of Regency who was also bestowed as Regent of Arran, the largest island in the Firth of Clyde.

Queen Margaret´s tempestuous private life complicated her son´s childhood, and after she divorced her second husband, Archibald Douglas 6th Earl of Angus, the Earl kidnapped young James.

For two years he held him captive, showering him with gifts and introducing him to a round of unsuitable pleasures. James loathed his former stepfather, and finally managed to escape in 1528, to rule by himself.

In the autumn of 1524 James dismissed his Regents and was proclaimed an adult ruler by his mother. James´ personal rule began by savagely pursuing his opponents and he hounded the Earl of Angus out of Scotland. James combined suspicion of nobles with a popular touch, travelling anonymously among Scottish people as the ´Gudeman o´Ballengeich´.

John Knox described him thus: ´he was called of some, a good poor man´s king; of others he was termed a murderer of the nobility, and one that had decreed their whole destruction´.

In 1536 he decided to marry. A highly strung, intelligent man who alternated between black depression and bouts of feverish energy, he had already fathered at least nine illegitimate children by a series of mistresses.

Mistresses:

Elizabeth Shaw, Elizabeth Bethune, Elizabeth Carmichael, Euphemia Elphinstone, Elizabeth Stewart, Christine Barclay, Lady Margaret Erskine

He now chose as his wife Princess Madeleine of France, for he was eager to strengthen ´the Auld Alliance´ against England. The Princess was tubercular, and she died in his arms on 7 July 1537, seven weeks after her arrival in Edinburgh.

James increased his income by tightening control over royal estates and from the profits of justice, customs and feudal rights. He also gave his illegitimate sons lucrative benefices, diverting substantial church wealth into his coffers. James spent a large amount of his wealth on building work at Stirling Castle, Falkland Palace, Linlithgow Palace and Holyrood and built up a collection of tapestries from those inherited from his father.

In 1538 he married another French lady, the widowed Mary of Guise, tall, well-built and already the mother of two sons. She had two more sons by James but they both died in infancy within hours of each other in 1541.

The death of James´s mother in 1541 removed any incentive for peace with England, and war broke out. Initially the Scots won a victory at the Battle of Haddon Rig in August 1542. The Imperial ambassador in London, Eustace Chapuys, wrote on 2 October that the Scottish ambassadors ruled out a conciliatory meeting between James and Henry VIII in England until the pregnant Mary of Guise delivered her child. Henry would not accept this condition and mobilised his army against Scotland.

James was with his army at Lauder on 31 October 1542. Although he hoped to invade England, his nobles were reluctant. He returned to Edinburgh on the way writing a letter in French to his wife from Falahill mentioning he had three days of illness.Next month his army suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. He took ill shortly after this, on 6 December; by some accounts this was a nervous collapse caused by the defeat, although some historians consider that it may just have been an ordinary fever. Whatever the cause of his illness, he was on his deathbed at Falkland Palace when his only surviving legitimate child, a girl, was born. Sir George Douglas of Pittendreich brought the news of the king´s death to Berwick. He said James died at midnight on Thursday 15 December; the king was talking but delirious and spoke no "wise words."

He was buried at Holyrood Abbey alongside his first wife Madeleine and his two sons. The tomb was probably destroyed during the Rough Wooing in 1544.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/James-V-King-of-Scots/6000000003233882803

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZLD-PLT

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I612&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-2313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland

https://www.stewartsociety.org/history-of-the-stewarts.cfm?section=famous-stewarts&subcatid=17&histid=160

Grandy's 13x Great-Grandfather:

My 15x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 16x Great-Grandfather:

James IV Stewart, King of Scotland (1473 - 1513)

James IV of Scotland

James IV Stewart, King of Scots

Also Known As: "Iron Belt", "James IV", "King of England", "Iron Belt Scotland", "James of the Iron Belt", "James Stewart", "King James Stewart IV of Scotland"

Birthdate: March 17, 1473

Birthplace: Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Christening: March 17, 1473 at Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Betrothed: at Age 1, in 1474 James III of Scotland and Edward IV of England contracted a marriage alliance in 1474 between James' son the future James IV (age 1 year) and Edward's daughter Cecily (age 5). The alliance fell apart and the marriage agreement was negated.

Coronation: 24 June 1488, Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

Acceded To The Throne: 26 June 1488, Scone Abbey, Perthshire

Church Event: 24 August 1497, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, Roman Catholic, Archbishop of St. Andrews, but never consecrated

Title of Nobility: from 11 June 1488 to 9 September 1513, King of Scotland

Military Service: 1502, Signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII of England. By this treaty James married Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor. Fought & died in The Battle of Flodden, September 9, 1513.

Title of Nobility: 1507, Lord Chancellor of Scotland

Occupation: King of Scots, King of Scotland

Death: September 9, 1513 in Flodden Field, Branxton, Northumberland, England (Beheaded after Battle of Flodden, along with his son John, by order of Richard "Kingmaker" Neville.)

Burial: September 30, 1513, Saint Andrew's Cathedral, Saint Andrews, Fife, Scotland

Parents:

James III, King of Scotland

1451-1488

Margarete Oldenburg af Danmark Queen consort of Scotland

1456-1486

Family 1

Mistress:

Lady Margaret Drummond

1475-1501

Birthdate: 1475

Birthplace: Perth, Perthshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Date of Union: ca. 1496

Place of Union: Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland

Death: 1501 in Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland (Food Poisoned). Was poisoned along with her sisters, Sybilla and Euphame, just after the Treaty of Perpetual Peace committed James Stewart IV to marry Margaret Tudor.

Place of Burial: Dunblane Cathedral, Dunblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of John Drummond of Innerpeffray, 1st Laird of Innerpeffray and Elizabeth Lindsay, of Crawford

Children:

1. Margaret Stewart 1497–1537

Family 2

Spouse:

Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland

1489-1541

Margaret Tudor, Queen consort of Scots

Also Known As: "Queen of Scots", "Margaret Tudor Scotland Princess of England", "Queen Margaret Tudor of Scotland"

Birthdate: November 28, 1489

Birthplace: Richmond Palace, London, Middlesex, England

Christening: November 30, 1489 at St. Margaret, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

House: Royal House of Tudor

Title of Nobility: 1489-1503 Princess of England

Date of Marriage: August 8, 1503

Place of Marriage: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland

Title of Nobility: 1503-1513 Queen of Scotland

Title of Nobility: from 8 August 1503 to 9 September 1513 Queen consort of Scotland

Title of Nobility: from 8 August 1503 to 9 September 1513 Queen of Scotland

Title of Nobility: from 1513 to 1515 Regent of Scotland

Occupation: Queen consort of Scots, Queen Consort, Queen of England, Princess of

England

Death: October 18, 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland (died of palsy)

Children:

1. Margaret Stewart 1497–1537

2. James Stewart 1507–1508

3. Arthur Stewart 1509–1510

4. James V King of Scotland 1512–1542

5. Queen of Scots Mary Stewart

Family 3

Mistress:

Mary Boyd of Kilmarnock

1476-1559

Margaret Boyd, Lady Rowallan

Also Known As: "Marion Boyd"

Birthdate: 1477

Birthplace: Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Union: abt 1490

Place of Union: Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Death: bef. August 31, 1559

Place of Burial: Rowallan, Ayrshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Archibald Boyd of Bonshaw and Christian Mure

Children:

1. Countess Catherine Stewart 1491–1554

2. Alexander Stewart Duke of Ross 1493–1513

Family 4

Mistress:

Janet Kennedy, Lady Bothwell

1476-1545

Also Known As: "Jane Kennedy", "Janet Gordon"

Birthdate: circa 1476

Birthplace: Dunure, Ayrshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Union: 1499

Place of Union: Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Death: circa 1545 in Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of John Kennedy, Lord Kennedy and Elizabeth Gordon

Children:

1. James Stewart VI Earl of Moray 1499–1544

Family 5

Mistress:

1. Lady Janet Stewart 1502–1562

About James IV Stewart, King of Scotland

Military Service: Fought & died in The Battle of Flodden, 1513

Beheaded after Battle of Flodden, along with his son John, by order of Richard "Kingmaker" Neville.

'The Great Michael'

Largest Warship Ever to Have Been Built in Scotland 1505 - 1512

James established a navy and felt great pride for the Great Michael, the largest warship ever to have been built in Scotland.

Michael, popularly known as Great Michael, was a carrack or great ship of the Royal Scottish Navy. She was the largest ship built by King James IV of Scotland as part of his policy of building a strong Scottish navy.

She was ordered around 1505 and laid down in 1507 under the direction of Captain Sir Andrew Wood of Largo and the master shipwright Jacques Terrell, launched on 12 October 1511 and completed on 18 February 1512. She was too large to be built at any existing Scottish dockyard, so was built at the new dock at Newhaven. When Michael was launched she was the largest ship afloat, with twice the original displacement of her English contemporary Mary Rose, which was launched in 1509 and completed in 1510.

The chronicler Lindsay of Pitscottie wrote of the building of Michael that "all the woods of Fife, except Falkland wood, besides all the timber that was got out of Norway" went into her construction. Account books add that timbers were purchased from other parts of Scotland, as well as from France and the Baltic Sea. Lindsay gives her dimensions as 240 feet (73 m) long and 35 ft (11 m) in beam. Russell (1922) notes that Michael was supposed to have been built with oak walls 10 ft (3.0 m) thick. She displaced about 1,000 tons, had four masts, carried 24 guns (purchased from Flanders) on the broadside, 1 basilisk forward and 2 aft, and 30 smaller guns (later increased to 36 main guns), and had a crew of 300 sailors, 120 gunners, and up to 1,000 soldiers.

Complement: 1,420: 300 sailors, 120 gunners & 1000 marines

Armament:

Broadside: 24 × guns

3 × basilisk (1 forward, 2 aft)

30 × smaller guns (later 36 main guns)

Henry VIII of England was unwilling to be outdone, and ordered the building of the 1000-ton Henry Grace à Dieu, launched in roughly 1512, later known as Great Harry, which was even larger. These ships were the first great ships, the precursors of the later ship of the line.

Michael was named after the archangel Michael and built to support the king's unrealised project for a Scottish crusade against the Ottoman Empire to reclaim Palestine for Christendom.

James IV and Margaret Tudor held a banquet on the Michael on 31 July 1512. In November 1512 the Great Michael and the Margaret were at Blackness Castle. James IV came aboard the Michael on St Andrew's day to hold an audience with the French ambassador, Charles de Tocque, sieur de la Mothe. The Auld Alliance of Scotland and France was confirmed.

The commitments of the Auld Alliance with France required Scotland to go to war with England, to divert England from her war with Louis XII of France (see the Italian Wars). In August 1513 a Scottish invasion force was assembled to attack English possessions in France. Commanded by James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran, the chief ships were Michael, Margaret and James. Instead of attacking the English, Arran raided Carrickfergus in Ireland and returned with loot before proceeding to France.

A warship of this size was costly to maintain, particularly for a small country such as Scotland. After James IV and many of the nobility of Scotland were killed at the Battle of Flodden in September 1513, Michael was sold to Louis XII of France on 2 April 1514 for the bargain price of 40,000 livres and became known as "La Grande Nef d'Ecosse" (The Big Nave of Scotland) (Nave is from the medieval Latin navis, meaning 'ship'). In March 1514 Michael was reported to be docked at Honfleur because she was too big for the harbour at Dieppe. Most historians have accepted the account of the Scottish historian George Buchanan that after this, the French allowed her to rot at Brest. Norman MacDougall in 1991 suggested that under her new French name she may have taken part in the Battle of the Solent in 1545, the French attack on England that led to the sinking of the Mary Rose.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Michael

Biography

James was the son of King James III and Margaret of Denmark, born in Holyrood Abbey.[1] As heir apparent to the Scottish crown, he became Duke of Rothesay. He had two younger brothers, James and John. In 1474, his father arranged his betrothal to the English princess Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV of England.[2] His father James III was not a popular king, facing two major rebellions during his reign, and alienating many members of his close family, especially his younger brother Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany. James III's pro-English policy was also unpopular, and it rebounded badly upon him when the marriage negotiations with England broke down over lapsed dowry payments. This led to the invasion of Scotland and capture of Berwick in 1482 by Cecily's uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, in the company of the Duke of Albany. When James III attempted to lead his army against the invasion, his army rebelled against him and he was briefly imprisoned by his own councilors.[3]

James IV's mother, Margaret of Denmark, was apparently more popular than his father. Though somewhat estranged from her husband, she was given responsibility for raising their sons at Stirling Castle, but she died in 1486. Two years later, a second rebellion broke out, during which the rebels set up the 15-year-old Prince James as their nominal leader. They fought James III at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June 1488, where the king was killed, though several later sources claimed that Prince James had forbidden any man to harm his father.[4] The younger James took the throne and was crowned at Scone on 24 June. However he continued to bear intense guilt for the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father. He decided to do penance for his sin. Each Lent, for the rest of his life, he wore a heavy iron chain cilice around his waist, next to the skin. He added extra ounces every year.[5]

James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 until his death in 1513. He assumed the throne following the death of his father King James III (r. 1460–1488) at the Battle of Sauchieburn, a rebellion in which the younger James played an indirect role. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended in a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden. He was the last monarch from Great Britain to be killed in battle.

James IV's marriage in 1503 to Margaret Tudor linked the royal houses of Scotland and England. It led to the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when Elizabeth I died without heirs and James IV's great-grandson James VI succeeded to the English throne as James I.

That means my 15x Great-Grandfather, James IV, King of Scotland's Great-Grandson was none other than James VI and I, King of Scotland, England and Ireland (1566-1625) - the man who authorized the Translation of The King James Bible. That makes him my distant cousin.

Grandy's 14x Great-Grandfather:

My 16x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 17x Great-Grandfather:

James III, King of Scotland (1451 - 1488)

James III, King of Scots

James III Stewart, King of Scots

James Stewart King James IIIrd of Scots

Also Known As: "James III", "King of Scots", "James Stewart", "James 'Hearty James' Stewart", "King of Scotland James Stewart III", "James III of Scotland", "King James III Stewart of Scotland"

Birthdate: July 10, 1451

Birthplace: Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Christened: May 1452 at Saint Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Coronation: 1460 Kelso Abbey, Roxburgh, Scotland, Coronation as King of Scotland

Title of Nobility: first Earl of Buchan

Title of Nobility: Lord Auchterhouse (by marriage)

Military Service: Fought & Died at The Battle of Sauchieburn

Death: June 11, 1488 in Sauchieburn, St. Ninians, Stirlingshire, Scotland (The Battle of Sauchieburn)

Place of Burial: Cambuskenneth Abbey, Cambuskenneth, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Parents:

James II, King of Scotland

1430-1460

Maria von Geldern, Queen Consort of Scotland

1433-1463

Family

Spouse:

Margarete Oldenburg af Danmark, Queen consort of Scotland

1456-1486

Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland

Margaret af Danmark og Norge von Oldenburg

Margaret of Denmark and Norway, Queen consort of Scotland

Also Known As: "Margaret af Danmark og Norge von Oldenburg", "Queen consort of Scotland", "Marguerite", "Margaret af Danmark og Norge, von Oldenburg, Dronning af Skotland", "Queen Margaret of Denmark House of Oldenburg"

Birthdate: June 23, 1456

Birthplace: København, Danmark (Denmark)

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Title of Nobility: Princess of Denmark

Date of Marriage: July 13, 1469

Place of Marriage: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburghshire, Scotland

Title of Nobility: Queen of Scotland 1469-1486

Death: July 14, 1486 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Christian I King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and Dorothea of Brandenburg

See: Oldenburg Family Line

Children:

1. Alexander Stewart 1468–

2. Isabell Agnes Stewart 1472–1557

3. James IV Stewart, King of Scotland 1473–1513

4. Alexander Earl Mar and Garioch Stewart 1474–1485

5. James Duke of Ross Marquess of Ormond Stewart 1476–1504

6. Margaret Stewart 1477–1541

7. Mary Stewart 1477–

8. John Stewart Earl Of Mar Earl Of Garloch 1479–1503

About James III, King of Scotland

Battle of Sauchieburn - 11 June 1488

James III’s policies infuriated many noble families, whilst drawing closer to him many more.

His unhappy opponents won to their side the King’s son, fifteen year old Prince James, and made it known that they intended to install him as monarch. This was the motivation behind the battle on 11 June at Sauchieburn, near Stirling.

Events of the battle are not well recorded. What is known is that the King was thrown by his horse and hurt badly in the fall. It is believed that he called for a priest, and the chaplain who responded to his spiritual needs took the opportunity to finish him off with a dagger.

His body was found the next day but since his challengers claimed they only wished to bring him to terms but never endorsed killing him, his death was regarded as an accident. His son was given the crown he desired, but would wear an iron chain in self-punishment for his father’s death.

Biography

James III Stewart, King of Scots was born 10 Jul 1451 at Stirling Castle, and baptised several months later at St Andrews.[1] He died on 11 June 1488 at Sauchie Burn, Scotland in the Battle of Sauchieburn. He is buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirling. He was also known as Seumas III Stiùbhairt , James, The Duke of Rothesay (c. 1451/52?3 August 1460)

Ruled: 3 August 1460 to 11 June 1488

Preceded by: James II, King of Scots 21 February 1437 to 3 August 1460

Succeeded by: James IV, King of Scots 11 June 1488 to 9 September 1513

Coronation: 10 August 1460 Regents during his captivity:

Mary of Guelders (1460?63):

James Kennedy (1463?66):

Robert, Lord Boyd (1466?69)

Basics

Son of James II, King of Scots and Mary of Guelders

Married:

Margaret of Denmark in July 1469 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh was was the daughter of King Christian I of Denmark and Norway, the dowry being the Orkneys, Shetlands and Western Isles

Children:

James IV of Scotland

James Stewart, Duke of Ross

John Stewart, Earl of Mar

Biography

James III (10 July 1451 - 11 June 1488) was King of Scots from 1460 to 1488. James was an unpopular and ineffective monarch owing to an unwillingness to administer justice fairly, a policy of pursuing alliance with the Kingdom of England, and a disastrous relationship with nearly all his extended family.

During his childhood, the government was led by three successive factions, led respectively by the king's mother, Mary of Gueldres (1460-1463) (who briefly secured the return of the burgh of Berwick to Scotland), James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews and Gilbert, Lord Kennedy (1463-1466), and Robert, Lord Boyd (1466-1469).

The Boyd faction made itself unpopular, especially with the king, by self-aggrandizement. Lord Boyd's son, Thomas, was made Earl of Arran and married to the king's sister, Mary. However, the family successfully negotiated the king's marriage to Margaret of Denmark, daughter of Christian I of Denmark in 1469, in the process ending the 'Norwegian annual' fee owed to Denmark for the Western Isles, and receiving Orkney and Shetland (theoretically only as a temporary measure to cover Margaret's dowry). Thus Scotland in 1470 reached its greatest ever territorial extent, when James permanently annexed the islands to the crown.

Conflict broke out between James and the Boyd family following the marriage. Robert and Thomas Boyd (with Princess Mary) were out of the country involved in diplomacy when their regime was overthrown. Mary's marriage was later declared void in 1473. The family of Sir Alexander Boyd was executed by James in 1469.

James's policies during the 1470s revolved primarily around ambitious continental schemes for territorial expansion, and alliance with England. Between 1471 and 1473 he suggested annexations or invasions of Brittany, Saintonge andGuelders. These unrealistic aims resulted in parliamentary criticism, especially since the king was reluctant to deal with the more humdrum business of administering justice at home.

In 1474 a marriage alliance was agreed with Edward IV of England, by which the future James IV of Scotland was to marry Princess Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. It might have been a sensible move for Scotland, but it went against the traditional enmity of the two countries dating back to the reign of Robert I and the Wars of Independence, not to mention the vested interests of the border nobility. The alliance, therefore (and the taxes raised to pay for the marriage) was at least one of the reasons why the king was unpopular by 1479.

Also during the 1470s conflict developed between the king and his two brothers, Alexander, Duke of Albany and John, Earl of Mar. Mar died suspiciously in Edinburgh in 1480 and his estates were forfeited and possibly given to a royal favourite, Robert Cochrane. Albany fled to France in 1479, accused of treason and breaking the alliance with England.

But by 1479 the alliance was collapsing, and war with England existed on an intermittent level in 1480-1482. In 1482 Edward launched a full-scale invasion, led by the Duke of Gloucester, the future Richard III, and including the Duke of Albany, styled "Alexander IV", as part of the invasion party. James, in attempting to lead his subjects against the invasion, was arrested by a group of disaffected nobles, at Lauder Bridge in July 1482. It has been suggested that the nobles were already in league with Albany. The king was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle, and a new regime, led by 'lieutenant-general' Albany, became established during the autumn of 1482. Meanwhile the English army, unable to take Edinburgh Castle, ran out of money and returned to England, having taken Berwick-upon-Tweed for the last time.

James was able to regain power, buying off members of Albany government, so that by the December 1482 Parliament Albany's government was collapsing. In particular his attempt to claim the vacant earldom of Mar led to the intervention of the powerful George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly on the king's side.

In January 1483 Albany fled to his estates at Dunbar. The death of his patron, Edward IV, on 9 April, left Albany in a weak position, and he fled over the border to England. He remained there until 1484, when he launched another abortive invasion at Lochmaben. Another attempted return has been argued to have occurred in 1485, when (admittedly suspect) accounts suggest he escaped from Edinburgh Castle on a rope made of sheets. Certainly his right-hand man, James Liddale of Halkerston, was arrested and executed around that time. Albany was killed in a joust in Paris later that year.

Monument marking the burial place of James III at Cambuskenneth Abbey Despite his lucky escape in 1482, when he easily could have been murdered or executed in an attempt to bring his son to the throne, during the 1480s James did not reform his behavior. Obsessive attempts to secure alliance with England continued, although they made little sense given the prevailing politics. He continued to favor a group of 'familiars', unpopular with the more powerful magnates. He refused to travel for the implementation of justice, and remained invariably resident in Edinburgh. He was also estranged from his wife, Margaret of Denmark, who lived in Stirling, and increasingly his eldest son. Instead he favored his second son.

Matters came to a head in 1488 when he faced an army raised by the disaffected nobles, and many former councilors at the Battle of Sauchieburn, and was defeated and killed. His heir, the future James IV, took arms against his father, provoked by the favoritism given to his younger brother.[citation needed]

A story is told that, on the eve of the Battle of Sauchieburn, Sir David Lindsay, son of Sir John, Lord Lindsay of the Byres, presented James III with a "great grey horse" that would carry him faster than any other horse into or away from the battle. Unfortunately, the horse threw the king during the battle, and James III was either killed in the fall, or was finished off by enemy soldiers.

Note: James III (1451-88), king of Scotland (1460-88), son of King James II, born in Stirling. He was crowned king in 1460 after the death of his father. A regency ruled until 1469, when he began his personal rule. Through his marriage to Margaret of Denmark (1457?-86) in the same year, James gained control of the Orkney and Shetland islands. James was unpopular with the Scottish nobles, who were led by his brother Alexander Stewart, duke of Albany (1454?-85). The nobles seized the king and kept him prisoner in the castle at Edinburgh. Under the duke of Albany, English forces took Berwick and advanced to Edinburgh. In 1487, James made peace with the English, thereby further alienating his turbulent nobles, who rose in rebellion and induced James's son, later James IV, to become their nominal head. In the ensuing battle at Sauchieburn between the nobles and the Royalists, James was defeated, and he was murdered after the battle by one of the rebels. He was succeeded by James IV.

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jimscott&id=I04194

Data Changed:

Date: 25 APR 2009

Time: 14:36:27

Note: James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. James was an unpopular and ineffective monarch owing to an unwillingness to administer justice fairly, a policy of pursuing alliance with the Kingdom of England, and a disastrous relationship with nearly all his extended family.

His reputation as the first renaissance monarch in Scotland has sometimes been exaggerated, based on late chronicle attacks on him for being more interested in such unmanly pursuits as music than hunting, riding and leading his kingdom into war. In fact the artistic legacy of his reign is slight, especially when compared to that of his son, James IV and grandson, James V. Such evidence as there is consists of portrait coins produced during his reign, displaying the king in three-quarter profile, and wearing an imperial crown, the Trinity Altarpiece by Hugo van der Goes, which was probably not commissioned by the king, and an unusual hexagonal chapel at Restalrig near Edinburgh, perhaps inspired by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland

Data Changed:

Date: 04 APR 2010

Time: 15:14:24

Note: James III (1453-88), king of Scotland, was the son of James II. Until 1466 the government was carried on by guardians. Of these the Earl of Angus died in 1462, and Bishop Kennedy of St. Andrews in 1465, and up to 1483, James was occupied in making himself the real master of his kingdom. Owing to the intrigues of Louis XI, hostilities between England and Scotland recommenced. His weak government provoked a rising of the nobles, which led to his defeat at Sauchieburn, near Bannockburn, and he was murdered while fleeing from the defeat. James III patronized the fine arts, and under him a vigorous national literature was developed. Robert Henryson, the poet, was the Scottish Chaucer. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

http://www.oocities.org/~latenitejer/Notes3/00553.htm

Data Changed:

Date: 14 FEB 2010

Time: 05:54:23

Research Notes

James III's Date of Birth

James Balfour Paul lists the year of James's birth as 1491[2] however that is more likely the year during which his sister Mary was born.

Sources

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), preface, p. lxxxviii.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 20.

See Also:

Royal Ancestry D. Richardson 2013 Vol. I page 667

Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999)

Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 238

Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 237

Wikipedia: James III of Scotland

Wikidata: Item Q222616, en:Wikipedia help.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs#House_of_Stewart.2FStuart

http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p216.htm#i6482

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8607685

http://thepeerage.com/p10190.htm#i101894

http://www.nndb.com/people/757/000101454/

http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=2139

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/James-III-King-of-Scots/4104318

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MX3M-74B

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I49&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-2316

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8607685/james_iii

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps32/ps32_463.html

Spouse:

Margaret was born in Denmark to King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By the time she was four years old there were talks about her marriage to the Scottish Prince James.[1] In 1468 Margaret was betrothed to James of Scotland as a means to stop a feud regarding the debt Scotland owed Denmark over the taxation of the Hebrides and Isle of Man. The marriage was arranged on the recommendation of king Charles VII of France. In July 1469, at the age of 13 she married James III at Holyrood Abbey. Upon their marriage all of the Scottish debt was cancelled.[1] William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, was at that time the Norse Earl of Orkney. In 1472 he was made to exchange his Orkney fief for Ravenscraig Castle, so the Scottish throne took the earl's rights to the islands too.

Queen Margaret was given the largest jointure allowed by Scottish law in her marriage settlement. She was interested in clothes and jewellery, and known for always being dressed in the latest fashions of the time.[2] Following the birth of her son James, in 1473 she went on a pilgrimage to Whithorn.[3] She may have taught her son James to speak Danish. She became a popular queen in Scotland and was described as beautiful, gentle, and sensible.[4] Many years later historians called her far better qualified to rule than her spouse.

The relationship between Margaret and James III was not described as a happy one. Reportedly, she was not very fond of her husband and had intercourse with him only for procreation, though she did respect his position as a monarch.[2] One reason for their estrangement was the fact that James favoured their second son over their eldest.[2] In 1476, James had decided that he wanted the Earldom of Ross for his second son and accused John MacDonald, the Earl, of treason. Macdonald was then put on trial before the Parliament, but upon Margaret's request he was allowed to remain as Lord of Parliament.[2] During the crisis of 1482, when James III was deprived of power by his brother for several months, Margaret was said to have shown more interest in the welfare of her children than her spouse, which led to a permanent estrangement.[2] Politically, she worked for the reinstatement of her spouse in his powers as monarch during this incident.[2] After the crisis of 1482, the couple lived apart: James III lived in Edinburgh, while queen Margaret preferred to live in Stirling with her children.[2]

Margaret died at Stirling Castle on 14 July 1486 after falling ill, and was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey.[5] Her husband, James III, was interred with her after his death in 1488. The abbey has mostly been reduced to ruins, apart from its bell-tower, which is still standing today. The grave was enclosed and restored in 1865 at the expense of Margaret's descendant, Queen Victoria.[6]

A story given by her son claims that Margaret was killed by poison given to her by John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell, leader of one of the political factions.[4] However, as Ramsay was favoured by the royal family also after the death of the queen, this is considered doubtful and may have been slander, although he did have some knowledge of poisons.[4]

Reportedly, James III mourned her death, and sent a supplication to the Pope where he applied for her to be declared a saint.

________________________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 15x Great-Grandfather:

My 17x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 18x Great-Grandfather:

James II, King of Scotland (1430 - 1460)

James II of Scotland

King James II Stewart, King of Scots

James Stewart King James IInd of Scots

Also Known As: "Fiery Face", "James ll Stewart King of Scotland", "James II", "King of Scots", "The Black Knight or Fiery Face (due to a large birthmark on his face)", "King of Scotland"

Birthdate: October 16, 1430

Birthplace: Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Title of Nobility: Prince of Scotland

Title of Nobility: Duke of Rothesay

Title of Nobility: Earl of Buchan

Coronation: March 25, 1437, King of Scotland 21 February 1437 to 3 August 1460, Holyrood, Midlothian, Scotland

Military Service: Siege of Roxburgh Castle 3 Aug 1460

Occupation: King of Scotland, Earl of Buchan

Death: August 3, 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland (Killed by an exploding cannon)

Cause of Death: Killed by a bursting piece of ordnance at the siege of Roxburgh castle.

Place of Burial: August 7, 1460, Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Parents:

James I, King of Scotland

1394-1437

Joan Beaufort, Queen Consort of Scotland

1407-1445

Family

Spouse:

Maria von Geldern, Queen Consort of Scotland

1433-1463

Mary of Guelders, Queen consort of Scotland

Maria van Egmond, Queen consort of Scotland

Also Known As: "Queen Consort of Scotland", "Queen Regent of Scotland", "Maria Van Guelden"

Birthdate: January 17, 1433

Birthplace: Grave, Noord-Brabant, Nederland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Title of Nobility: Queen of Scotland, 3 July 1449 to 3 August 1460

Date of Marriage: July 3. 1449

Place of Marriage: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland

Occupation: Queen Consort Of Scotland, Queen of Scotland, Queen Regent of Scotland

Death: December 1, 1463 in Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Holy Trinity, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Arnold von Egmond Herzog von Geldern (1410-1473) and Katharina van Kleef (1417-1476)

See: von Geldern Family Line

Children:

1. Princess Margaret Stewart 1450–1512

2. James III, King of Scotland 1451–1488

3. Princess Mary Stewart 1453–1488

4. Alexander Stewart 1454–1485

5. David Earl of Moray Stewart 1455–1457

About James II, King of Scotland

James II (16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460) was King of Scotland from 1437 until his death.

James was born in Holyrood Abbey. He was the son of King James I and Joan Beaufort. By his first birthday, his only brother, his older twin Alexander, had died, thus leaving James as heir apparent with the title Duke of Rothesay. On 21 February 1437 James I was assassinated, and the six-year-old James immediately succeeded him as James II. He was crowned in Holyrood Abbey by Abbot Patrick on 23 March 1437.

On 3 July 1449 the eighteen-year-old James married the fifteen-year-old Mary of Guelders, daughter of the Arnold, Duke of Guelders, and Catherine of Cleves, at Holyrood Abbey. She bore him seven children, six of whom survived into adulthood. Subsequently, relations between Flanders and Scotland improved. James's nickname, Fiery Face, referred to a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face which appears to have been deemed by contemporaries an outward sign of a fiery temper.

James was a politic and singularly successful king. He was popular with the commoners, with whom, like most of the Stewarts, he socialized often, in times of peace and war. His legislation has a markedly popular character. He does not appear to have inherited his father's taste for literature, which was shared by at least two of his sisters; but the foundation of the University of Glasgow during his reign, by Bishop Turnbull, shows that he encouraged learning; and there are also traces of his endowments to St. Salvator's, the new college of Archbishop Kennedy at St Andrews. He possessed much of his father's restless energy. However, his murder of the earl of Douglas leaves a stain on his reign.

James's father was assassinated on 21 February 1437 at Blackfriars monastery in Perth. His mother, Queen Joan, although hurt, managed to get to her six-year-old son, who was now king. On 25 March 1437 he was formally crowned King of Scots at Holyrood Abbey. The Parliament of Scotland revoked alienations of crown property and prohibited them, without the consent of the Estates, that is, until James II's eighteenth birthday. He lived along with his mother and five of his six sisters at Dunbar Castle until 1439. The oldest sister, Margaret, had left Scotland for France in 1436 to marry the Dauphin Louis (later King Louis XI of France).

From 1437 to 1439 the king's first cousin Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, headed the government as lieutenant-general of the realm. After his death, and with a general lack of prominent earls in Scotland due to deaths, forfeiture or youth, political power became shared uneasily among William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (sometimes in co-operation with the Earl of Avondale), and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king as the warden of the stronghold of Stirling Castle. Taking advantage of these events, Livingston placed Queen Joan and her new husband, Sir John Stewart, under "house arrest" at Stirling Castle on 3 August 1439. They were released on 4 September only by making a formal agreement to put James in the custody of the Livingstons, agreeing to the queen's relinquishment of her dowry for his maintenance, and confessing that Livingston had acted through zeal for the king's safety.

In 1440, in the king's name, an invitation is said to have been sent to the 16-year-old William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas, and his younger brother, twelve-year-old David, to visit the king at Edinburgh Castle in November 1440. According to legend, they came and were entertained at the royal table, where James, still a little boy, was charmed by them. However, they were treacherously hurried to their doom, which took place by beheading in the castle yard of Edinburgh on 24 November, with the 10-year-old king pleading for their lives. Three days later Malcolm Fleming of Cumbernauld, their chief adherent, shared the same fate. The king, being a small child, had nothing to do with this. This infamous incident took the name of "the Black Dinner".

Struggles with the Douglases

In 1449 James II reached adulthood, but he had to struggle to gain control of his kingdom. The Douglases, probably with his cooperation, used his coming of age as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as the young king took revenge for the arrest of his mother that had taken place in 1439 and the assassination of his young Douglas cousins in which Livingston was complicit. Douglas and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the king continued to struggle to throw off their rule. Between 1451 and 1455, he struggled to free himself from the power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb the Douglases' power took place in 1451 during the absence of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, from Scotland and culminated with the murder of Douglas at Stirling Castle on 22 February 1452.

The main account of Douglas's murder comes from the Auchinleck Chronicle, a near contemporary but fragmentary source. According to its account, the king accused the Earl (probably with justification) of forging links with John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (also Lord of the Isles), and Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond, if it existed, created a dangerous axis of power of independently-minded men, forming a major rival to royal authority. When Douglas refused to break the bond with Ross, James broke into a fit of temper, stabbed Douglas 26 times and threw his body out of a window. His court officials (many of whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one allegedly striking out the earl's brain with an axe.

This murder did not end the power of the Douglases, but rather created a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. The main engagements were at Brodick, on the Isle of Arran; Inverkip in Renfrew; and the Battle of Arkinholm. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but his opponents repeatedly forced him into humiliating climbdowns, whereby he returned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, and a brief and uneasy peace ensued.

Military campaigns ended indecisively, and some have argued that James stood in serious danger of being overthrown, or of having to flee the country. But James's patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of the Douglases saw their erstwhile allies begin to change sides, most importantly the Earl of Crawford after the Battle of Brechin, and in May 1455, James struck a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated at the Battle of Arkinholm.

In the months that followed, the Parliament of Scotland declared the extensive Douglas lands forfeit and permanently annexed them to the crown, along with many other lands, finances and castles. The earl fled into a long English exile. James finally had the freedom to govern as he wished, and one can argue that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeiture of the Albany Stewarts in the reign of James I, the destruction of the Black Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward.

Energetic Rule

Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventionist king. Ambitious plans to take Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man nonetheless did not succeed. The king travelled the country and has been argued to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissions for serious crimes. It has also been argued that some of the unpopular policies of James III actually originated in the late 1450s.

In 1458 an Act of Parliament commanded the king to modify his behaviour, but one cannot say how his reign would have developed had he lived longer.

James II is the first Scots monarch for whom a contemporary likeness has survived, in the form of a woodcut showing his birthmark on the face.

Marriage

Negotiations for a marriage to Mary of Guelders began in July 1447, when a Burgundian envoy came to Scotland, and were concluded by an embassy under Crichton the chancellor in September 1448. Her great-uncle Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, settled sixty thousand crowns on his kinswoman, and her dower of ten thousand was secured on lands in Strathearn, Athole, Methven, and Linlithgow. A tournament took place before James at Stirling, on 25 February 1449, between James, master of Douglas, another James, brother to the Laird of Lochleven, and two knights of Burgundy, one of whom, Jacques de Lalain, was the most celebrated knight-errant of the time. The marriage was celebrated at Holyrood on 3 July 1449. A French chronicler, Mathieu d'Escouchy, gives a graphic account of the ceremony and the feasts which followed. Many Flemings in Mary's suite remained in Scotland, and the relations between Scotland and Flanders, already friendly under James I, consequently became closer.

In Scotland the king's marriage led to his emancipation from tutelage, and to the downfall of the Livingstons. In the autumn Sir Alexander and other members of the family were arrested. At a parliament in Edinburgh on 19 January 1450, Alexander Livingston, a son of Sir Alexander, and Robert Livingston of Linlithgow were tried and executed on the Castle Hill. Sir Alexander and his kinsmen were confined in different and distant castles. A single member of the family escaped the general proscription—James, the eldest son of Sir Alexander, who, after arrest and escape to the highlands, was restored in 1454 to the office of chamberlain to which he had been appointed in the summer of 1449.

Death

James II enthusiastically promoted modern artillery, which he used with some success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Scotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh Castle in 1460, one of the last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independence.

For this siege James took a large number of cannons imported from Flanders. On 3 August, he was standing near one of these cannons, known as "the Lion", when it exploded and killed him. Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie stated in his history of James's reign that "as the King stood near a piece of artillery, his thigh bone was dug in two with a piece of misframed gun that brake in shooting, by which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily."

The Scots carried on with the siege, led by George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, and the castle fell a few days later. Once the castle was captured, James's widow, Mary of Guelders, ordered its destruction. James's son became king as James III and Mary acted as regent until her own death three years later.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/James-II-of-Scotland/6000000001273909665

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6G-G9X

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I50&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-1166

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9300534/james_king_of_scots_ii

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps31/ps31_354.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 16x Great-Grandfather:

My 18x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 19x Great-Grandfather:

James I, King of Scotland (1394 - 1437)

James I of Scotland

James Stewart, I

James Stewart King James Ist of Scots

Also Known As: "James l King of Scotland", "Seumas I Stiùbhairt", "Seumas I mac Roibairt", "Ard Righ Albainn", "Jacobus [Primus]", "Rex Scotiae", "Jacobum regem", "Rey James I de Escocia", "James I of Scotland", ""Black Knight of Lorn"", "King James I of Scotland", "The Black Knight"

Birthdate: July 25, 1394

Birthplace: Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Title of Nobility: 10 December 1404, Scotland, Earl of Carrick

Title of Nobility: 10 December 1404, Scotland, Duke of Rothesay

Event: 1406 to 1424, Captured by the Duke of Albany

Coronation: 21 May 1424, King of Scotland, Scone Abbey

Occupation: 1424-1437, King of Scots, 35th King of Scots, King of Scotland

Death: February 21, 1437 in Monastery of the Friars Preachers, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (Assassinated)

Cause of Death: assasinated by Earl of Atholl and Sir Robert Graham.

Place of Burial: Perth Abbey, Perth, Perth and Kinross, Scotland

Parents:

Robert Stewart III, King Of Scotland

1337-1406

Annabella Drummond, Queen Consort of Scotland

1350-1401

Family

Spouse:

Joan Beaufort, Queen Consort of Scotland

1407-1445

Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots

Lady Joan Queen Dowager of Scots

Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland

Birthdate: December 27, 1402

Birthplace: Westminster, London, Middlesex, England

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Title of Nobility: Countess of Westmoreland

Date of Marriage: February 12, 1424

Place of Marriage: St Mary Overie Church, Southwark, Surrey, England

Title of Nobility: Queen consort of Scotland

Death: July 15, 1445 in Castle Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, Scotland

Burial: November 22, 1445, Carthusian Church, Perthshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1371-1410) and Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence (1385-1439)

See: Beaufort Family Line

Children:

1. Princess Margaret Stewart 1424–1445

2. Isabella Stewart 1426–1494

3. Eleanor Stewart 1427–1480

4. Mary Stewart 1428–1465

5. Princess Joan Stewart 1428–1486

6. Alexander Stewart 1430–1430

7. James II, King of Scotland 1430–1460

8. Lady Annabella Joan Stewart, Princess of Scotland Countess of Huntley 1432–1509

About James I, King of Scotland

Family and Youth

James was born in July 1394 at Dunfermline, Fife, the third and only surviving son of Robert III, King of Scots, and his queen-consort, Annabella Drummond.[1][2] He was nearly sixteen years younger than his eldest brother, born when his mother was in her early forties.[3] James was seven years old when his mother died in 1401, and after her death he was sent to the castle of St Andrews and placed in the care of Bishop Henry Wardlaw for his education.[4]

In March of 1402 his older brother David died in prison and James became heir to the throne. As the kingdom increasingly devolved into a state of complete lawlessness, Robert III decided Scotland was no longer a safe place for his youngest son.[5] The king arranged for James to be secretly escorted by Henry St Clair, earl of Orkney, to the Bass Rock where he was to board a ship for France, finishing his education abroad and returning when the political situation in Scotland was more settled.[4][5] Unfortunately the ship was captured 4 April 1406 off Flambrough Head by English pirates who, realizing the importance of their prisoner, took the twelve year old boy directly to the English king, and James was immediately imprisoned in the Tower of London.[2][6] He was to remain a prisoner of the English, under fairly strict custody, for the next nineteen years.[4]

Imprisonment

Henry IV is said to have remarked [on James's capture] "Assuredly had the Scots been polite they would have sent the young man to me for his education, for I also know French."[7] Partly to assuage his conscience over the boy's capture (which was in direct violation of a treaty in effect at that time between the two countries), the king ensured that James received an excellent education.[8] He was strictly supervised, and studied both literature and history as well as (later in his captivity) witnessing the political manuevering at court. He became an accomplished poet (although only one of his longer poems, The Kingis Quair, which recounts his experiences while imprisoned and the courtship of his wife, still exists) and a proficient musician on the harp and the pipes.[8] He was also naturally athletic and excelled at sports--field sports not being allowed during his captivity, he became expert at throwing the hammer and at wrestling.[9] Although the first years of his captivity were spent locked away in the Tower, he was eventually held at Windsor Castle and in 1430 accompanied Henry V to France during the English military campaign there.[5]

Robert III died shortly after his son James was captured, and a council held at Perth in June 1406 named the young James as 'our king' and appointed his uncle Robert Stewart, duke of Albany, earl of Fife and Menteith, to act as governor of Scotland in James's absence.[2] Negotiations for his relief went on continuously from the time of his capture but Albany, who rather enjoyed the unlimited power he found himself with as governor of the kingdom, was in no hurry for James to return to Scotland.[4][9] James outlived both Henry IV and Henry V, and was still a prisoner in England during the minority of Henry VI. In the end, it was Albany's death in 1420 and England's hope that if James were returned to the throne of Scotland, that country would no longer support France in its war with England, that brought negotiations for James's release to a head.[5] In the fall of 1423 a treaty was finalized: a payment of sixty thousand marks, in installments, was to be made for the king's release (this was termed a reimbursement for James's care during his years in custody, rather than as a ransom); Scottish troops would be withdrawn from France; and James would agree to marry an English woman of noble birth.[4][10]

Immediately following his wedding to Joan Beaufort in February 1424, James rode north to Scotland with his bride.[4] He had been kept fully apprised of the situation there during the years of his captivity, messengers came and went frequently, and he was aware of the destruction of long wars; the turmoil among nobles fighting to extend their own power; and the terrible poverty and lawlessness which now prevailed because of the gross mismanagement of Albany and now of Albany's son, Murdoch.[11][5] The amount of disorder and misrule that he witnessed on his arrival "aroused his great detestation," and he resolved that "...if God gave him 'but a dog's life,' to make 'the key keep the castle and the bracken bush the cow throughout all Scotland.'"[12]

Major Events/Accomplishments During His Reign

On 21 May 1424 James I was crowned at Scone by Bishop Wardlaw in the presence of bishops, prelates, and the nobility of the kingdom. Joan Beaufort was crowned as Queen of Scots on the same day.[13][14] James's first focus was to get rid of his untrustworthy relatives who had allowed the kingdom to become lawless and corrupt, and had not exerted themselves very hard to negotiate his release from England. Within a month of his coronation, James had imprisoned Walter Stewart (who not only controlled Dumbarton Castle but also controlled the Scottish forces sent to France which James had pledged to withdraw as a condition of his own release); and also imprisoned the earl of Lennox (his cousin Murdoch's father-in-law), Murdoch himself, Murdoch's wife Isabella, and his heir, Alexander.[15][16] Murdoch's youngest son, James, in retaliation for this led a raid which ransacked Dumbarton before fleeing to Ireland, and James in response promptly executed all the prisoners save Isabella.[4] In an effort to prevent any challenges from uncles and/or cousins who were descended from his grandfather's second marriage (considered more legal than his first), James stripped Malise Graham of the earldom of Strathhearn by claiming it could not be passed down through his mother, and Malise was sent to England as one of the hostages guaranteeing the payment of James's ransom.[15]

During his first parliament, at Perth, James was able to ensure the passage of twenty-seven new statutes.[17] Among the most important of these were: private wars among the nobility were forbidden;[17][4] rebellion (including any refusal to help the king) would result in forfeiture of lands;[17][4] a tax of twelvepence per pound of value was laid on all lands (including regalities) to help pay for the ransom;[17][4] other taxes on cattle and corn were to go to the king and silver and gold mines were to be the property of the crown;[17][4] provisions were drawn up to appoint honest, impartial men to estimate property values for taxation;[17] judges were appointed to "do the law evenly" throughout the realm and complaints about their impartiality could be made directly to the king, with a supreme court established to hear more importantant cases that were tried directly before the king and his council;[18] measures to protect fisheries were passed;[17][4] gold was not to be exported;[17] beggars who were really in need received a license from the king to beg unmolested, others were given jobs and if they refused to work they were branded and banished;[17] (in an effort to build a strong military force) all men in the kingdom were to practice archery, while games such as football and golf were outlawed;[17][5] drinking was licensed for only certain hours;[5] and organized fire-fighting was established.[5] With this foundation in place, James began the work of rebuilding his kingdom.

James was absolutely ruthless in controlling the powers of the Highland Clans, who were a law unto themselves.[5] In the spring of 1427 he summoned their chiefs to a parliament at Inverness and, when they arrived, immediately had them arrested and thrown into prison.[19] Some were accused of serious crimes and executed after a brief trial, others were released after a short imprisonment with the hope that other clan chiefs would take notice and pledge their loyalty to the king.[19] The king's methods were often violent, although he did succeed in establishing a system of laws and a sense of peace throughout the realm, but his sometimes heavy-handed use of force earned him some powerful enemies.

Marriage and Children

James married in February 1423/4 at St Mary Overy Church in Southwark, Surrey, Joan Beaufort, a daughter of John Beaufort, 1st earl of Somerset and his wife Margaret de Holand[2][20] and a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster and fourth son of Edward III of England.[21][22] Joan fit the treaty requirement that James marry "an English woman of noble birth," but she was also the love of his life. James wrote an epic poem, The Kingis Quair, before their marriage describing their courtship from the first glimpse he had of her from the window of his prison.[22] He wrote passionately of his hopes increasing "day by day" (st. 181); his "long pain and true service in love" (st. 188) which eventually led to his love being reciprocated; and of his "long and true continuance in love and true service" (st. 192) to this beautiful woman.[23] Throughout the rest of his lifetime, James remained devoted to two things: his queen, and saving his kingdom from anarchy.[11] His love for his wife remained constant always, he was one of a very few Scottish kings who had no mistresses and no illegitimate children.[4]

There were eight children from this marriage:

Margaret Stewart; b. c1424;[24][25] m. 24 Jun 1436 Louis XI, Dauphine (later king) of France;[25][26] d. 16 Aug 1445[24][26]

Isabella Stewart; b. 1426;[27] m. 30 Oct 1442 Francois I, duke of Brittany;[28][25] d. 1498/9[27]

Joan Stewart; b. c1428;[29] m. bef. 15 May 1459 James Douglas, 1st earl of Morton;[29][30] d. aft. 16 Oct 1486[30][31]

Alexander Stewart, duke of Rothesay; b. 16 Oct 1430;[32][26] d. young[26][33]

James II of Scotland; b. 16 Oct 1430;[34][35] m. 3 Jul 1449 Mary of Guelders;[36][37] d. 3 Aug 1460[38][39]

Mary Stewart; m. 25 Jul 1444 Wolfart van Borsselen, count of Grandpré, lord Campvere in Zealand;[40][41][42] d. 20 Mar 1465[40][31]

Eleanor Stewart; m. 8 Sep 1448/9 Sigismund von Tirol, duke of Austria;[43][26] d. 20 Nov 1480[43][31]

Annabelle Stewart; m(1) Louis de Savoie, count of Geneva;[44][45] m(2) bef. 10 Mar 1459 George Gordon, 2nd earl of Huntly[46][25]

Death

After his last parliament in Edinburgh late in 1436, James and his queen went with their court to Perth to stay through the Christmas holiday at the cloister of the Blackfriars.[47] There, on 20 February 1437, it is said that he spent the evening with friends reading poetry, listening to music, and playing chess.[48] Around midnight the gathering broke up and the king remained, talking with his wife and some of her women, when armed assassins stormed into the room, breaking the arm of one of the women who tried to bar the door, wounding the queen twice as she tried to protect her husband, and stabbing the king at least thirteen times in the chest.[49][50] The fatal blows were struck by Sir Robert Graham, the uncle and former guardian of Malise Graham (whom James had stripped of the earldom of Strathearn at the beginning of his reign).[50] His co-conspirators were James's uncle, Walter Stewart, earl of Athol, and Athol's grandson Sir Robert Stewart, both descendants of Euphemia Ross and conceivably heirs to the throne after James and his young son.[48][51] If the conspirators believed they would be seen as saviours for murdering the king who had fought to rein in the power of the nobles, and that a parliament would happily elevate either Athol or his grandson to the throne, they were mistaken. There was no joy at the death of the king, and no uprising on behalf of Athol. Instead the conspirators were hunted down within a month and brutally tortured, then executed.[48][50]

James I was buried in the convent of the Carthusians, at Perth.[51][52] His heart was sent on a pilgrimage to the East and returned six years later by a knight of St John.[51][52] James I changed the course of Scotland's history by breaking the power of ancient feudal traditions, instituting laws to protect the common people, and (forceably) putting an end to the constant warring among the nobility. King James's most fitting tribute may have been made by the historian Drummond, who later wrote that "...while the nation made his predecessors kings, he made Scotland a nation."[4]

Research Notes

James's Date of Birth

James's birth is listed as December 1394 by James Balfour Paul, although he does not provide a source for this.[53] December 1394 is also the date given by historian Sir Archibald Dunbar, citing the Scotichron., ii. 487, bk. xvi. c.14, par. 2 as proof that the month of December was correct.[54] Regretfully, the Scotichron has not yet been digitally transcribed and the accuracy of this information could not be checked. The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland record only the year (1394) of James's birth.[1] Douglas Richardson identifies James's birth date as July 1394, citing as evidence a letter written by Queen Annabella to Richard II from Dunfermline Abbey in 1394 and dated "le premier jour d'Auoust [August 1], in which she mentions her recent recovery from giving birth to her son James.[2][55] This letter is in the collection of the National Manuscripts of Scotland. Accordingly, lacking proof otherwise, July 1394 is the date used in this profile.

Sources

↑ 1.0 1.1 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxii.

↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Famiies, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 656-662 BRUS 12. James I of Scotland

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 179

↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 MacKay, Aeneas James George. James I of Scotland. Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 29.

↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Ashley, Mike. British Kings and Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers (1998), pp. 555-556.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 183

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 28

↑ 8.0 8.1 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 145

↑ 9.0 9.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 29

↑ Munro, Cecil. Letters of Queen Margaret of Anjou and Bishop Beckingham. Westminster: printed for the Camden Society (1863), pp. 29-30.

↑ 11.0 11.1 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 146

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 34

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), pp. 187-188

↑ Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 230.

↑ 15.0 15.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 34-36

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 150

↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp. 151-153

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 37

↑ 19.0 19.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 40

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 187

↑ Laing, David. Historical Notices of the Family of King James I of Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 3 (1857), p. 89.

↑ 22.0 22.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 31-32

↑ Brown, J.T.T. Authorship of the 'Kingis Quair,'[Transactions of the Glasgow Archeological Society n.s.3 (1899), p. 141.

↑ 24.0 24.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 658-659 BRUS 12.i. Margaret Stewart

↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 19.

↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 191.

↑ 27.0 27.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.ii Isabel Stewart

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface pp. lvii-lviii.

↑ 29.0 29.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.iii. Joan Stewart

↑ 30.0 30.1 Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 6, p.356.

↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), pp. 230-233.

↑ Thomson, Thomas. The Auchinleek Chronicle. Edinburgh: The Library at Auchinleek, Ayrshire (1819), part 2, p. 160.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.iv. Alexander Stewart.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 662-667 BRUS 13. James II of Scotland.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 160 (1430).

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 176 (1448).

↑ Thomson, Thomas (ed.) The Auchinleek Chronicle. Edinburgh: Library at Auchinleek, Ayrshire (1819), part 2: A Short Chronicle of the Reign of James the Second, King of Scots, p. 41.

↑ Burnett, George (ed.) Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface p. lxiv.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 20.

↑ 40.0 40.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 660 BRUS 12.vi. Mary Stewart

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface p. lxii.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 192

↑ 43.0 43.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 600, BRUS 12.vii. Eleanor Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface p. lxii.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 660-661BRUS 12.viii. Annabelle Stewart

↑ Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1907), vol. 4, pp. 528-529.

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4,preface p cxx-cxxi.

↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp. 181-183.

↑ Sandford, Francis (Lancaster Herald of Arms). A Genealogical History of the Kings of England. Thomas Newcomb, printer (1677), p. 316.

↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 43

↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 190.

↑ 52.0 52.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 44

↑ Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 18.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 182.

↑ Brown, J.T.T. Authorship of the 'Kingis Quair,' Transactions of the Glasgow Archeological Society n.s.3 (1899), page 130, footnote 2.

See Also:

Bain, Joseph. Notes on a Dispensation for the Marriage of Johanna Beaufort with the Black Knight of Lorn. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 16 (1881-2), pp. 169-175.

Baker, George. History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton. London: John Bowyer (1822-30), vol. 1, p. 56. (Beaufort ped. showing Joan m. James Stewart)

Banks, T.C. Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England. London: J. White (1837), vol. 4, pp. 421-422.

Birch, W. de G. Catalogue of Seals in the....British Museum. London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 16-17, James I.

Birch, W. de G. Catalogue of Seals in the....British Museum. London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 37-38, Joan Beaufort.

Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands, Scotland, Kings. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands database, chapter 6, Stewart.

Great Britain. Royal Commision on Historical Manuscripts. Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. London: H.M.S.O. (1877), vol. 6, p. 691. (charter of Joan, Queen of Scots, dated 1435)

Hardy, Thomas Duffus. Syllabus of the Documents Relating to England and Other Kingdoms Contained in 'Rymer's Foedera'. London: Longmans, Green (1873), vol. 2, p. 640. (28 Jan 1424:"warrant for delivery of 24 L. to the K. of Scotland for a cloth of gold for his marriage"; 5 Feb 1424: release of 10,000 marks to the K. of Scotland, who is about to marry Joan, daughter of the late earl of Somerset")

Johnston, G. Harvey. The Heraldry of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston (1908), p. 10 (ped.); p. 16 (arms), available online.

Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), pp. 208-209.

Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, pp. 440-441. (Stewart, earl of Atholl)

Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1908), vol. 5, pp. 2-3. (Stewart, Lord Innermeath)

Richardson, Douglas. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2011. See also WikiTree's source page for Magna Carta Ancestry.

Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2013. See also WikiTree's source page for Royal Ancestry

Rogers, Charles. Poetical Remains of King James I of Scotland, with a Memoir... Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 2 (1873), pp. 297-392 (pay per view).

Wall, Arnold (ed). Handbook of the Maude Roll. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs (1919), unpaginated by found near Henry III (lvii), Johanna, regina Scotie.

Wikipedia: James I of Scotland

Acknowledgements

Click the Changes tab to see edits to this profile. Thank you to everyone who contributed to this profile.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/James-I-of-Scotland/6000000002277472620

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6T-WZ8

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I683&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-419

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9393967/james-king_of_scots

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps32/ps32_028.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 17x Great-Grandfather:

My 19x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 20x Great-Grandfather:

Robert Stewart III, King Of Scotland (1337 - 1406)

Robert III, King of Scots

Robert of Scotland Stewart, III

Robert III Stewart, King Of Scotland, Earl Of Cannick

Sir Robert Stewart, Earl Of Fife, 1st Duke Menteith

Robert Stewart, 8th High Steward of Scotland

John Stewart, King Robert IIIrd of Scots

Also Known As: "King John the Lame King of the Scots", "John Stuart, Earl of Carrick,", "King Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III", "King of Scotland", "Earl of Atholl"

Birthdate: August 4, 1337

Birthplace: Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

Christened: August 14, 1337, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart

Title of Nobility: 28 February 1361, Titled Earl of Menteith

Title of Nobility: 1361, Titled Earl of Fife, resigned this title 1372

Title of Nobility: 22 June 1368, King David created his great-nephew John Stewart the Earl of Carrick on 22 June , 1368

Event: Lame due to injury during a Tournament, 1388

Event: Ineffectual Ruler after 1390 Scotland

Event: 19 April 1390 Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland John Stewart succeeded to the throne of Scotland on April 19, 1390, upon the death of his father Robert II. He assumed the regnal name of Robert III in May 1390 and was crowned at Scone on 14 August 1390.

Title of Nobility: 1394 Titled as Earl of Buchan, resigned title 1406

Title of Nobility: King of Scotland, 8th High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Carrick

Name Change: John Stewart for the first 53 years of his life, King Robert III for the last 16 years

Occupation: King of Scots

Death: April 4, 1406 in Rothesay Castle, Rothesay, Bute, Scotland

Buried in Paisley, not Scone as was traditional (kicked by a horse)

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Parents:

Robert Stewart II, King of Scotland

1316-1390

Elizabeth Mure, of Rowallan

1320-1354

Family 1

Mistress:

[unknown mistress]

Children:

1. James Stewart of Killbride; b. bef. 1388

2. John Stewart of Ardgowan and Auchingowan; b. bef 20 May 1390

Family 2

Spouse:

Annabella Drummond, Queen Consort of Scotland

1350-1401

Annabella Drummond, Queen Consort of Scots

Annabella Drummond

Anabella Drummond Of Stobhall, Queen Consort Of Scotia

Birthdate: 1350

Birthplace: Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: 1366

Place of Marriage: Perthshire, Scotland

Death: October 1401 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Dunfermline, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox (1330-1373) and Mary Montifex, co-heiress of Montefichet (1324-1375)

See: Drummond Family Line

Children:

1. Margaret Stewart 1370–1456

2. Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scotland, Baroness Dalkeith, Countess of Morton 1373–1411

3. Prince Robert Stewart 1375–1388

4. David Stewart Duke of Rothesay 1378–1402

5. Mary Stewart 1380–1458

6. Princess Mary Stewart Princess Of Scotland, Countess of Angus 1380–1458

See: Douglas Family Line

7. Egidia Stewart 1382–1404

8. James I, King of Scotland 1394–1437

About Robert Stewart III, King Of Scotland

Biography

Family and Early Years

Robert III, King of the Scots was born John Stewart, the son and heir of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure, sometime around 1337.[1][2][3] John was created earl of Carrick on 22 June 1368.[4][5] Because his parents had eloped and there were inevitable questions about the validity of their marriage, he was legitimated by papal dispensation and, on 27 March 1371, declared by parliament to be heir to the throne of Scotland.[6]

In 1384, Robert II's health began to fail and John, as his eldest son and heir, was appointed to supervise the enforcement of all laws within the kingdom.[7] Unfortunately, four years later (two years before he was to succeed his father) he was severely injured and permanently lamed when he was kicked by a horse belonging to Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith.[7][8] Because John's injuries limited his physical ability to "enforce the laws," parliament appointed his younger brother Robert, earl of Fife, as Guardian of the Kingdom in his place, with complete responsibility for administering the government.[9][7]

John succeeded his father on 19 April 1390, and was crowned at Scone on 14 August of the same year, taking the regnal name of Robert III.[10][11][12] His wife, Annabella Drummond, was crowned Queen of Scots on the following day.[1][12] The new king was fifty years old and in frail health; and his younger brother, the earl of Fife, continued to function as the Guardian of the Kingdom, making the king's position little more than symbolic.[13] This arrangement unfortunately gave rise to an increase in the independence claimed by many of the nobles (who were granted an annuity for their "retinue and service," which ordinarily would have been considered part of their lawful obligation to the king) and resulted in more power-grabs and warring among the various clans.[13][14]

Major Events Affecting His Reign

Robert III has been variously described as "courteous," "dignified," and kind-hearted."[15] He wanted Scotland to be peaceful and prosperous, and for the most part his subjects recognized this and regarded him with affection.[15] However, he was completely ineffectual as a leader, having neither the energy nor the will power to control his nobles.[15][16] In 1393 he did make an attempt to seize control of the government back from his brother, but the results were disastrous.[8] Although external relations with England and France were relatively peaceful,[17] within Scotland itself lawlessness was rampant.[13][18] His own youngest brother, Alexander, whose ruthless pillaging in the northern regions earned him the nickname of 'the Wolf of Badenoch,' was excommunicated by the Bishop of Moray for seizing some of his lands. The Wolf of Badenoch retaliated by setting fire to the town of Elgin and burning the magnificent cathedral of Elgin to the ground.[13][18] Bribery and corruption were rife, there was a widening rift between the Lowlands and the Highlands, and clan warfare rose to new levels.[8]

Robert III became so depressed by this state of affairs that he instructed his wife to bury him in a dungheap with the epitaph "Here lies the worst of kings and the most miserable of men."[8] [16] At this point Queen Annabella took matters into her own hands by calling a special council in April 1398.[8] Robert III appears to have been present at this meeting, at which his eldest son, David (then only nineteen years of age), was created duke of Rothesay and his brother Robert, earl of Fife, was created duke of Albany (marking the first time the title of duke was ever used in Scotland).[19][20] Politics at court quickly became an ongoing battle beween the queen and her son on one side, and the ambitious duke of Albany ( who had earlier become accustomed to governing the kingdom himself) on the other side.[21]

In January, 1399, civil unrest became so uncontrolled that the Estates (encouraged by Albany) decided to depose the king.[22] They did not call for his abdication because he was well liked personally, but they did conclude that the misgovernance of the realm was due to the king and his ministers, and declared that "...sen it is welesene and kennit that our lorde the kynge for seknes of his persone may nat trauail to gouerne the Realme na restreygne trespassours and rebellours" the task of governing would be given to a Council General.[22] Albany, however, did not get the job. David, duke of Rothesay and heir to the throne (now twenty years of age) was made Governor.[22] Unfortunately for David, Albany was made one of his senior advisors.[8]

Rothesay was required to take the same oath as a king at coronation, and detailed provisions were enacted to prevent any interference by Robert III in government affairs.[22] The king made no attempt to recover his power, depressed and convinced that he was a complete failure he retired to the family estates at Rothesay and in Ayrshire.[22][16]

David was young, reckless, and not an astute politician. His dissolute lifestyle gained him some powerful enemies, not the least among them George, earl of March, whose daughter he was engaged to marry but whom he jilted in order to marry the daughter of Archibald the Grim, 3rd earl of Douglas, who had a larger dowry.[23][24] When the queen died in October 1401,[25] Albany contrived to have David arrested and thrown into the prison at Falkland Castle in Fife where he was left to starve to death.[8] David Stewart, duke of Rothesay, died 26 Mar 1402. His death has been variously ascribed to starvation, slow poison, or even dysentery caused by the primitive conditions of his confinement.[26][27] Because the circumstances of his death strongly suggested foul play, Albany arranged for a declaration of the Estates which pronounced David's death to be "the visitation of Providence."[26] It should be noted, however, that Jon Wright, one of the persons in whose care David was committed, later received a payment of £108 from Albany.[26]

Albany lost no time in grabbing the reins of power, and now only an old man in failing health and an eight year old boy stood between himself and the throne.[28]

Marriage and Children

John married Annabella Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William Montifex, sometime after 13 March 1365 (the date of the commission to grant a dispensation for their marriage) and before 31 May 1367 (when King David granted a charter to the earldom of Atholl in both their names).[1][29] There were seven children from this marriage:

David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay; b. 24 Oct 1378;[30][31] m. Feb 1400 Marjory Douglas;[30][31] d. 26 Mar 1402[30][31]

Robert Stewart; b. bef 1392;[32] d. young[30][33]

James I of Scotland; b. 25 Jul 1394;[34][35] m. Feb 1424 Joan Beaufort;[35][36] d. 21 Feb 1437[35][37][38]

Margaret Stewart; m. bef 1390 Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas;[39][40] d. aft Jan 1449/50 and bef Sep 1456[39][40]

Elizabeth Stewart m. bef 10 Nov 1387 James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith[41][42]

Mary Stewart [see research notes]; b. in or aft. 1738;[43] m(1) aft 24 May 1397 George Douglas, 13th earl of Angus;[43][44] m(2) bef. 27 Jan 1405/6 Sir James Kennedy of Dunure;[43][40] m(3) bef. 15 May 1416 William Graham, 1st Lord Graham of Kincardine;[43][45] m(4) 1425 Sir William Edmonstone of Duntreath;[43][45] d. aft. Feb 1461/2[43]

Egidia Stewart (died unmarried)[46][42] [see research notes]

Robert III also had at least 2 illegitimate sons by an unknown mistress (before his marriage to Annabella):

James Stewart of Killbride; b. bef. 1388[47][42]

John Stewart of Ardgowan and Auchingowan]]; b. bef 20 May 1390[47][42]

Death

It took Robert III almost four years to realize that his youngest and only surviving son might be in danger from Albany, who had been implicated in his eldest son's murder. Late in February 1406 he asked Sir David Fleming to help smuggle young James out of Scotland to France, to ensure his safety.[8] This mission turned out to be a disaster: Fleming was ambushed and killed and high tides delayed the ship which was to convey the boy to France. When Henry St Clair finally managed to hide James on a cargo ship instead, it was attacked by pirates who took the young prince to England where he was imprisoned in the Tower of London.[8][48] Robert III died 4 April 1406 at Dundonald, Ayrshire.[1][26] He is thought to have died of grief, shortly after having learned of his youngest son's imprisonment.[49][26]

He was buried in front of the high altar in the Abbey Church at Paisley, Renfrewshire.[1][49] In accordance with his wishes, the funeral was not an elaborate one.[50] It was not until many years later that a monument to his memory was erected by Queen Victoria.[16]

Research Notes

(Daughter) Mary Stewart:

Douglas Richardson believes that Mary had five husbands, and that husband number three was William de Cunningham, Knt of Kilmaurs.[43] He cites as evidence the papal dispensation granted for this marriage on 7 July 1409.[51] No other historian gives credence to this marriage. James Balfour Paul acknowledges the papal dispensation and states "....there is no clear evidence that the marriage with Sir William Cunningham took place, though it is not improbable."[52] Alison Weir also references the papal dispensation but adds "....it is doubtful whether the marriage ever took place."[40] Sir Archibald Dunbar makes no mention of a marriage to Cunningham, only listing four husbands for Mary.[53] More significantly, however, the Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland) does not list Cunningham as one of Mary's husbands.[44] The Exchequer Rolls are a meticulous accounting of all expenditures made by the royal treasury and provide documentation of all of Mary's other four marriages but do not contain any evidence that a marriage between Mary and Cunningham was ever formalized. Accordingly, he is not listed as one of Mary's husbands in this profile.

(Daughter) Egidia (or Giles) Stewart:

In The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland there are remissions in the accounts dated March 1405/6 and March 1406/7 of the custom of the wool of Galloway, Nithsdale, and Douglasdale to Egidia, daughter of Robert III.[45] This suggests that Egidia was the Countess of Douglas, who is called "Margaret" in several crown charters and has been identified as Robert III's eldest daughter. It is unknown whether Margaret and Egidia were the same person (although the distinguished scholar/historian, Thomas F. Henderson, does believe that this was the case),[54] or whether Egidia was actually a younger daughter of Robert III. There are, however, numerous payments made to an "Egidia, daughter of Robert III" by authority of the governor, usually said to be for her adornment ("pro apparatu suo") and some of these payments were received on her behalf by her uncle, the earl of Atholl.[45] Alison Weir describes Egidia as having died unmarried, although she gives no source for this statement.[46]

Sources

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.647-656 BRUS 11. John Stewart

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 17.

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxx.

↑ RRS, vi, no. 400. PoMS doc. 1/54/563 (22 Jun 1368), Charter from King David to John Stewart, son of Robert, steward of Scotland, and (John's) wife Annabella, of the earldom of Carrick.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 172

↑ Acts of Parliament of Scotland, 1124-1423, vol. 1, p.182.

↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 16.

↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Ashley, Mike. British Kings and Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers (1998), pp.553-554.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp. 132-133.

↑ Acts of Parliament of Scotland, 1124-1423, vol.1, pt.2, p. 215.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp.133-134.

↑ 12.0 12.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 173

↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 23.

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 88.

↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp. 80-81.

↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Mackay, Aeneas J.G. Dictionary of National Biography Online. Robert III.

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.82.

↑ 18.0 18.1 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.86.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), p. 137.

↑ Banks, T.C. Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England. London: J. White (1837), vol. 4, p. 421.

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.88.

↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp.89-90.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), p. 138.

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 24.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), p. 139.

↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 24-25.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp. 139-140.

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 98.

↑ RRS, vi, no. 372. PoMS doc. 1/54/520 (31 May 1367), Charter from King David to John Stewart of Kyle and Annabella, daughter of the late John Drummond, his spouse, of the earldom of Atholl.

↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, pp. 17-18.

↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxi

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 3, pp. 290, 300.

↑ Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 227

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxii.

↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Famiies, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 656-662 BRUS 12. James I of Scotland

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 187

↑ Sandford, Francis (Lancaster Herald of Arms). A Genealogical History of the Kings of England. Thomas Newcomb, printer (1677), p. 316.

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 43

↑ 39.0 39.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.649-652 BRUS 11.iii. Margaret Stewart

↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 228

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 652 BRUS 11.iv. Elizabeth Stewart

↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 18.

↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.653-656 BRUS 11.v. Mary Stewart

↑ 44.0 44.1 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxiii.

↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxiv.

↑ 46.0 46.1 Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 229

↑ 47.0 47.1 Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxv.

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 28.

↑ 49.0 49.1 Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp. 143-144.

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotland (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 3, preface p. xcvi.

↑ McGurk, Francis (ed). Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Benedict XIII of Avignon 1394-1419. Scottish History Society, 4th series, vol. 13 (1976), p. 207.

↑ Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 4, p. 230.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 180

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 26.

See also:

Birch, W. de G. Catalogue of Seals in the....British Museum. London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 15-16, Robert III.

Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands, Scotland, Kings. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands database, chapter 6, Stewart.

Ewan, Elizabeth et al. The New Biographical DIctionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2018), pp. 16-17. (Annabelle Drummond)

Johnston, G. Harvey. The Heraldry of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston (1908), p. 10 (ped.); pp. 15-16 (arms), available online.

Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), pp. 207-208.

Macdonald, William Rae. Scottish Armorial Seals. Edinburgh: W. Green (1904), pp. 321-322.

Mackay, Aeneas J.G. Dictionary of National Biography Online. Annabella Drummond.

Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1905), vol. 2, pp. 438-439. (Carrick)

Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1910), vol. 7, p. 37. (Annabelle Drummond)

Richardson, Douglas. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2011. See also WikiTree's source page for Magna Carta Ancestry.

Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2013. See also WikiTree's source page for Royal Ancestry

Wikipedia: Robert III of Scotland

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-III-King-of-Scots/6000000003274095104

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ86-T6V

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I31&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-972

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9348459/robert-stewart

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps31/ps31_349.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 18x Great-Grandfather:

My 20x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 21x Great-Grandfather:

Robert Stewart II, King of Scotland (1316 - 1390)

Robert II, King of Scots

Robert II Stewart, King of Scots

Robert II Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Strathearn, King of Scotland, 1st monarch of the Royal House of Stewart

Robert Stewart King Robert IInd of Scots

Also Known As: "Robert the Steward", "the 7th High Steward of Scotland", "Robert II King of Scotland", "Sir Robert Stewart", "Raibeart", "Roibert II Stiùbhairt", "Sir Robert Stewart II"

Birthdate: March 2, 1316

Birthplace: Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Christened: 1316, Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Royal House: Stewart - Founder (First Monarch Of The Royal House Of Stewart)

Event: Designated as Heir to Throne of Scotland 14 October 1318 to 5 March 1324

Event: Restored to The Line of Succession: July 1326, Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Event: Guardian of Scotland (Regent) 1334-1335, 1338-1341, 1346-1357

Event: Start of His Rule 22 Feb 1371

Coronation: 26 Mar 1371 Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

Titles of Nobility: King of Scotland, Guardian of Scotland, High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Strathearn

Occupation: King of Scotland, King of Scots 1371 to 1390

Death: April 19, 1390 in Dundonald Castle, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

Birthplace: Rowallan Castle, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: November 22, 1347

Place of Marriage: Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

Death: May 2, 1354 in Dundonald Castle, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan and Lady Janet Mure, Baroness Rowallan

See: Mure Family Line

Children:

1. Lady Margaret Stewart 1336–1410

2. Robert Stewart III, King Of Scotland 1337–1406

3. Walter Stewart Earl of Fife 1338–1362

4. Sir Robert Stewart 1st Duke of Albany 1340–1420

5. Alexander Stewart 1st Earl of Buchan 1343–1405

6. Lady Elizabeth Stewart Princess of Scotland 1346–1389

7. Isabella Euphame Stewart Princess of Scotland 1348–1410

8. Princess Marjory Stewart 1348–1417

9. Lady Johanna Stewart 1351–1404

10. Katherine Stewart Princess of Scotland 1352–1446

Family 2

Spouse:

Euphemia de Ross, Queen Consort of Scotland

1320-1386

Leslie de Ross

Also Known As: "Euphame"

Birthdate: April 19, 1320

Birthplace: Cromarty Castle, Cromarty, Scotland (or, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland)

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Married: ca. 1344, Scotland

Title of Nobility: 1371 to 1386, Queen of Scots

Title of Nobility: Countess of Moray

Death: 1386 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Hugh, 4th Earl of Ross and Margaret Graham

Children:

1. David Stewart Earl Palatine of Strathearn 1357–1386

2. Elizabeth Stewart 1362–1446

3. Walter Stewart Earl of Atholl, Baron of Brechin 1365–1437

4. Princess Egidia Stewart of Lounane 1368–1398

Family 3-5

[Unknown Misstresses] incl. Moira le Leche

[Numerous Children] incl. Sir John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute and Sir John " The Red" Stewart, of Dundonald

About Robert Stewart II, King of Scotland

Biography

Family and Early Years

Robert Stewart, son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert Bruce and Isabel Mar, was born on 2 March 1315/16[1][2][3] at Paisley, Renfrewshire.[4] On 3 December 1318, parliament entailed the succession to the crown on the male heirs of King Robert I, whom failing on his grandson Robert Stewart, the son of Marjorie de Brus.[5] As King Robert did not as yet have any sons, this act made Robert Stewart the heir presumptive.[6] Six years later (when Robert was eight), in 1324, the King's only son, David, was born and became first in line to succeed his father.[7] [6] On 9 April 1326 Walter Stewart died, and his son Robert received the hereditary title of High Steward of Scotland.[2] By 1329 King Robert was dead, and the young King David (then five years old) was placed under the guardianship of Thomas Randolph, earl of Moray. Robert (by this time thirteen years of age), by virtue of being second in line to the throne, was likewise placed under Thomas Randolph's care although he also had two other guardians: Sir James Stewart of Durrisdeer (his uncle) and William Lindsay, archdeacon of St Andrews.[8]

Robert Stewart, like his father before him, supported the Bruces and, at the age of only seventeen, on 13 July 1333 led the second division of the Scottish army at the Battle of Halidon Hill.[1][9] The result of this encounter was disastrous for the Scots. They found themselves greatly outnumbered by the English army and suffered thousands of casualties, among them Sir Archibald Douglas, who was in command of all the Scottish forces, and Sir James Stewart of Durrisdeer, Robert's uncle and guardian.[8][1] The young King David had been spirited away to Chateau Gaillard in France for his own protection,[10][8] and Robert Stewart sought safety at Dumbarton Castle, which was still being held by the Bruces' ally Sir Malcolm Fleming.[8][9] With David safely in France until he reached his majority and/or could safely return to Scotland, Robert Stewart and John Randolph, third earl of Moray, were recognized as joint regents of the kingdom.[10] Robert began a successful military campaign to reclaim his ancestral lands from David Hastings, earl of Atholl, who had received them in a grant from Baliol following the battle of Halidon Hill.[9] By the time David returned in 1339, thanks primarily to Robert the Steward and Moray, most of Scotland was no longer under English control.[10]

Robert was a more popular figure at this time than (his young uncle) David, and was described as "beautiful beyond the sons of men, stalwart and tall, accessible to all, modest, liberal, cheerful, and honest."[7][9] When David was taken prisoner at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346, Robert Stewart again became the regent of Scotland and ruled for the next eleven years until King David was released.[11] After Neville's Cross, David privately questioned Robert's loyalty as he had withdrawn his forces from the battle when he sensed that all was lost, and was one of the few Scottish nobles to escape the battle alive.[7] It also did not escape King David's notice that his regent did not try very hard, and at times was actually obstructive, in negotiating the king's release.[8] David made two attempts to negotiate with the English to have his ransom payments negated in exchange for making Edward III his successor to the throne of Scotland (thereby removing Robert as the heir presumptive) but both times the Scottish parliament soundly rejected this idea.[8] Although Robert's popularity remained high, he was not assertive enough to be an effective regent and his tenure was not helped by the fact that Scotland was reeling at that time under the effects of the Black Death.[7]

Robert, High Steward of Scotland, succeeded to the throne 22 February 1370/1 on the death of his uncle, King David II.[12][13]

King of Scots

Robert II was crowned on 26 March 1370/71 by William de Laundelys, bishop of St Andrews, at Scone "in the presence of the prelates, earls, and barons, and of a great multitude of people.[14][15] He was fifty-five years old and in frail health, no longer the energetic and attractive man of his youth.[7] His eyes were now said to be "as red as scarlet cloth"[16] and earned him the nickname "Auld Blearie."[7] Many biographers have attributed this to his love of wine and women (he fathered at least twenty-three children) but some contemporary historians believe he may have suffered from a severe case of ophthalmia which may have eventually resulted in partial blindness.[16] This could well explain why Robert II became increasingly detached from his own government, prefering to spend his time in solitude. The early years of his reign were relatively peaceful. By 1385, when the long truce with England ended and war again broke out, the king was mostly absent.[9] When Vienne arrived from France with an army of 2000 men to aid Scotland against the English army, Robert was not even interested in meeting with him.[9] According to the chronicler Froissart, the French impression was that "he was not a valiant man in arms; it seemed he had rather lie still than ride."[9] Robert chose instead to retire to his home in the Highlands, and remained there thoughout the rest of the war.[9]

Because he remained a popular figure with the common people, no attempt was made to overturn his rule. But by 1389, parliament recognized that the king was, as a head of government, completely dysfunctional and his eldest son John, earl of Carrick, was named guardian of the kingdom and tasked with restoring order to Scotland.[17]

Marriage to Elizabeth Mure

When they were both no more than twenty years of age, Robert persuaded Elizabeth Mure to elope with him to his family home in Dundonald, which was about six miles from her home at Rowallan.[18] There were two impediments to their marriage which may have seemed like serious obstacles to the young couple: (1) they were related in the fourth degree of consanguinity and therefore marriage would require a papal dispensation; and (2) when Elizabeth was eleven years old her parents had contracted her in marriage to nine-year-old Hugh de Giffard, the son of Sir John de Giffard of Yester, Midlothian.[19] This contract would have to be nullified by both contracting parties and/or their parents.[19] Among the records of John Learmonth, chaplain to the archbishop of St Andrews, is a notation stating that "Robert, great steward of Scotland, having taken away the said Elizabeth, drew to Sir Adam her father ane instrument that he should take her to be his lawful wife, which myself have seen....as also ane instrument in Latin by Roger M'Adam, priest of our Lady Marie's Chapel, that the said Roger married Robert and Elizabeth foresaids."[19]

In 1344 they were finally able to get Elizabeth's childhood marriage contract dissolved, it was annulled on the joint petition of Huge Giffard and Elizabeth on the grounds that the marriage had never been consummated.[19] In 1347, Robert Stewart applied for a papal dispensation so there could be no question regarding the legality of their marriage, not necessarily to satisfy his father-in-law, but to ensure his own children's succession to the throne if David II died childless.[19] A special provision in the dispensation legitimized the "multitude prolis utriusque sexus" who had previously been born.[20] Not content, however, to leave anything to chance, on 27 March 1371 (the day after he was crowned at Scone) King Robert II had his eldest son John, earl of Carrick, declared by parliament to be heir to the throne of Scotland.[14]

Robert and Elizabeth had at least nine children:

John Stewart (Robert III, King of Scots); b. 1337;[21][22] m. 1 Mar 1365/6 Annabella Drummond;[23] d. 4 Apr 1406[24]

Walter Stewart, Earl of Fife; m. aft 21 Sep 1358 Isabel, countess of Fife;[25][26] d. btw 14 Aug 1362 - 10 Jan1363[25][27]

Robert Stewart, 1st duke of Albany; b. c 1339/40;[28][29] m(1) aft. 9 Sep 1361 Margaret Graham, countess of Menteith;[28] [29]m(2) aft, 4 May 1380 Muriel Keith;[28][29] d. 2 Sep 1420[28][29]

Alexander Stewart, 1st earl of Buchan, lord of Badenoch; m. aft. 25 Jun 1382 Euphemia, countess of Ross;[30][31] d. bef. 25 Mar 1406[31][see research notes]

Margaret Stewart; m. aft. 14 Jun 1350 John of Ile;[32][33]

Marjorie Stewart; m(1) aft. 11 Jul 1370 John de Dunbar;[34][33] m(2) bef. 24 Apr 1403 Alexander Keith; d. aft. 6 May 1417[34]

Elizabeth Stewart; m. aft. 7 Sep 1372 Thomas de Hay, constable of Scotland[33] [35]

Isabella Stewart, countess of Douglas; m(1) aft. 23 Sep 1371 James Douglas, earl of Douglas and Mar;[36] [37][38] m(2) bef. 1390 John de Edmonstone, Knt.;[36][37][38] d. c1409/10[36][38]

Jean Stewart; m(1) bef. 17 Jan 1373/4[39] John de Keith, Knt., marshall of Scotland;[40][41][42] m(2) bef. 4 Oct 1376 John Lyon, Knt. of Glamis, keeper of the privy seal, lord chamberlain of Scotland;[39][41][43] m(3) c20 Nov 1384 James de Sandilands, Knt. of Calder;[44][41][43] d. aft. 1404[41][44]

Elizabeth Mure died sometime before 1355, and was buried in the Church of the Blackfriars at Perth.[1]

Marriage to Ephemia Ross

Robert Stewart married, secondly, Euphemia de Ross, Countess of Moray, daughter of Hugh de Ross, 4th Earl of Ross and Margaret Graham, and the widow of John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (who died in 1346), by a papal dispensation dated 2 May 1355.[45][1]

There were at least four children from this marriage:

David Stewart, 1st earl of Strathearn and Caithnes; b. aft. 1355;[46] m. bef. 5 Mar 1389/90 ________ Lindsay;[47][46] d. bef. 5 Mar 1389/90[46][48]

Walter Stewart, 1st earl of Atholl, lord of Methven and Brechin; m(1) bef. 19 Oct 1378 Margaret Barkley;[49][50] d. 26 Mar 1437[49][51]

Egidia Stewart; m. c1387 William Douglas, Knt. of Nithsdale[52] [53][54]

Elizabeth Stewart; m. aft. 22 Feb 1374/5 David de Lindsay, Knt. of Glenesk.[55][45][56]

Children of Robert II Stewart, King of Scotland and his mistress Mariota de Cardney:

Alexander Stewart of Inverlunan[57][58][59][54]

Sir John Stewart of Cardney[58][54][60][61]

James Stewart of Kinfauns[58][61][62]

Children of Robert II Stewart, King of Scotland by unknown mistresses:

Sir John Stewart, "The Black Stewart";[63] m. Jonet Sempill;[64][65] d. btw 1445 - Jul 1449[64][65]

John Stewart, lord of Burley,"The Red Stewart"; m. aft 3 Feb 1408 Elizabeth Graham;[66][67] d. 1425[58][66]

James Stewart, Canon of Glasgow; [68] d. bef. 10 Feb 1380 (succeeded as Canon by his brother Thomas)[68]

Thomas Stewart, Canon of Glasgow, Archdeacon of St Andrews;,[58][69] d. bef. 23 Sep 1430[70]

Alexander Stewart, Canon of Glasgow[58][71][72]

Walter Stewart,[58] Canon of Glasgow, Dean of Moray; [73][74]d. bef. 9 Jan 1434[73]

Katherine Stewart; m. bef. 5 Nov 1394 Robert Logan, Knt. of Restalrig, Admiral of Scotland[75][76]

Death

Robert II died 19 April 1390 at the age of seventy-four, choosing to spend the final years of his life in the family home at Dundonald where he had lived for so many years with Elizabeth Mure.[1][18] [see research notes] He was buried in Scone Abbey, Perthshire.[1]

Research Notes

(Son) Alexander Stewart, lord of Badenoch:

Douglas Richardson gives the date of Alexander's death as "probably within the year ending 25 Marcy 1406."[31] The Exchequer Rolls (in volume 4) state that he died 24 July 1394[77] Sir James Balfour Paul concurs with Richardson,[78] citing in evidence an entry in the Exchequer Rolls dated 25 March 1406 where Alexander received reimbursement for monies he had expended.[79]

Disputed (natural) daughter, Mary Stewart:

Douglas Richardson lists an additional natural daughter of Robert II, Mary Stewart, who married John de Danielston, Knt. of Finlaystown, Danielston, and Kilmoloog, Renfrewshire, before 2 January 1376/7 and had three sons by him: Robert, William, and Walter.[80] He does not provide any sources to validate her existence, and in a discussion held on soc.genealogy.medieval it appears that Richardson's basis for assuming her existence is pure conjecture. This Mary Stewart is not mentioned by Sir James Balfour Paul, [58] Sir Archibald Dunbar,[81] Alison Weir,[82] or in the Exchequer Rolls.[83] The Scots Peerage does, however, document John de Danielston's wife as a daughter of Sir Malcolm Fleming, earl of Wigtown.[84] A genealogy of the Danielston family currently held in the National Library of Scotland also confirms that John de Danielston married Lady Mary, daughter of Malcolm, earl of Wigtown, from whom he received the lands of Kilmaronock.[85] There were said to be at least six children from this marriage: Sir Robert, William, Walter, Heu, Malcolm, and Janet.[85]

Death of Robert II:

The Annales of Scotland and historian Agnes Mure Mackenzie both give the date of Robert's death as 13 May 1390.[86][87]

Sources

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 615-617 BRUS 10. Robert Stewart.

↑ 2.0 2.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 159

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. cliii.

↑ Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 215.

↑ Acts of Parliament of Scotland, 1124-1423, vol. 1, p.105.

↑ 6.0 6.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 7-8.

↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Ashley, Mike. British Kings and Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers (1998), pp.552-553.

↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Boardman, S.I. Robert II. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (23 Sep 2004), rev. 25 May 2006, available online by subscription or through some library services.

↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Mackay, Aeneas James George. Robert II. Dictionary of National Biography Online.

↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 9-10.

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 10-11.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 160

↑ Banks, T.C. Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England. London: J. White (1837), vol. 4, pp. 420-421.

↑ 14.0 14.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 161

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp. 124-125.

↑ 16.0 16.1 MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 67.

↑ Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 16.

↑ 18.0 18.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 18

↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 19-20

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. cliv.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 17.

↑ Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface,p.clxx.

↑ RRS, vi, no. 372. PoMS doc. 1/54/520 (31 May 1367), Charter from King David to John Stewart of Kyle and Annabella, daughter of the late John Drummond, his spouse, of the earldom of Atholl.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), pp. 143-144.

↑ 25.0 25.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 617-618 BRUS 10.ii. Walter Stewart.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 166.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clvi-clvii.

↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 618-625 BRUS 10.iii. Robert Stewart.

↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clxxv-clxxxviii.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinbrough: D. Douglas (1910), vol. 7, p. 241.

↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 625-629 BRUS 10.iv. Alexander Stewart.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 629-631 BRUS 10.v. Margaret Stewart.

↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxii.

↑ 34.0 34.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 631-633 BRUS 10.vi. Marjory Stewart.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 16.

↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 633-634 BRUS 10.viii. Isabel Stewart.

↑ 37.0 37.1 Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxiii.

↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 3, p. 157.

↑ 39.0 39.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1911), vol. 8, pp. 268-269.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 6, pp. 36-37.

↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 634-636 BRUS 10.ix. Jean Stewart.

↑ Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Hear (1989), p. 222

↑ 43.0 43.1 Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxiv.

↑ 44.0 44.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1911), vol. 8, p. 381.

↑ 45.0 45.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 16.

↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 636-637 BRUS 10.i. David Stewart.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D.Douglas (1906), vol. 3, p.14.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1911), vol. 8, pp 259-260.

↑ 49.0 49.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 638-640 BRUS 10.ii. Walter Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clix-clxi.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D.Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 438.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 640-641 BRUS 10.iii. Giles Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clxiv-clxv.

↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 169.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 641-642 BRUS 10.iv. Elizabeth Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxv.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 642 BRUS 10.i. Alexander Stewart.

↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.7 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 17.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxviii.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 642-643 BRUS 10.ii. John Stewart.

↑ 61.0 61.1 Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxix.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 643 BRUS 10.iii. James Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxvi.

↑ 64.0 64.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 643 BRUS 10.i. John Stewart.

↑ 65.0 65.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 2, pp. 285-286.

↑ 66.0 66.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 643 BRUS 10.ii. John Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxvii.

↑ 68.0 68.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 643 BRUS 10.iii. James Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clxvi-clxvii.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 644 BRUS 10.iv. (Master) Thomas Stewart.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, p. 644 BRUS 10.v. Alexander Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxvii.

↑ 73.0 73.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 644-645 BRUS 10.v. Walter Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clxix-clxx.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 646-647 BRUS 10.viii. Katherine Stewart.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clxvi.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, p. clviii.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1905), vol. 2, p. 263.

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 3, p. 364.

↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed, Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author 2013), vol. 1, pp. 646-647 BRUS 10.vii. Mary Stewart.

↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), pp. 166-169.

↑ Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 226

↑ Burnett, George. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House (1880), vol. 4, appendix to preface, pp. clvi-clxx.

↑ Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1911), vol. 8, pp. 522-523.

↑ 85.0 85.1 Dennistoun, James Wallis. Some Account of the Family of Dennistoun of Dennistoun. Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons (1906), p. 4.

↑ Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), p. 133.

↑ MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 77.

See Also:

Birch, W. de G. Catalogue of Seals in the....British Museum. London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 14-15.

Boardman, S.I. Euphemia (née Euphemia Ross). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. (23 Sep 2004), available online by subscription or through some library services.

Cawley, Charles. "KINGS of SCOTLAND 1371-1603, (Robert Stewart)." Entry in "Medieval Lands": A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families © by Charles Cawley, hosted by Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG). Accessed February 13, 2015.Robert, King of Scots, Medlands

Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), pp. 204-207.

Macdonald, William Rae. Scottish Armorial Seals. Edinburgh: W. Green (1904), pp. 321-322.

Richardson, Douglas. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 4 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. Salt Lake City: the author, 2011. See volume I, page 472; III:526-527, 533-534, 538. For more information about this reference, see WikiTree's source page for Magna Carta Ancestry.

Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Salt Lake City: the author, 2013. See volume I, pages 609-610, 614. For more information about this reference, see WikiTree's source page for Royal Ancestry.

Ridell, John. Stewartiana. Edinburgh: T.G. Stevenson (1843).

Wikipedia: Robert II of Scotland

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-II-King-of-Scots/6000000000174222887

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L89H-F4P

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I28&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-1001

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9457579/robert-king_of_scots

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps31/ps31_307.html

____________________________________________________________________

Birthplace: Dundonald Castle, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

Christened: 1293 at Dundonald Castle, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotlan

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Military Service: Walter fought on the Scottish side at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 commanding, with Douglas, the left wing of the Scots' Army.

Death: April 9, 1326 in Bathgate Castle, Bathgate, Linlithgowshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Parents:

James Stewart 5th High Steward of Scotland

1243-1309

Edgidia Giles De Burgh

1262-1327

Family 1

Spouse:

Alice Erskine

Birthdate: 1290

Birthplace: Erskine, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Married:

Death: April 9, 1326 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir John Erskine and Margaret Macgilronan

Children:

1. Jean Stewart 1313-

Family

Spouse:

Princess Marjorie Bruce of Scotland

1296-1316

Marjorie Bruce, Princess of Scotland

Also Known As: "Margaret", "Margorie", "Margery", "Margary of Scotland", "Mary of Bruce", "Princess Marjory", "16182", "Marjorie de Brus", "Countess of Carrick", "Princess of Scotland de Brus", "Maria Clarissa de Toeni", "Clarissa", "Isabel /de Toeni/", "Bruce"

Birthdate: December 1296

Birthplace: Dundonald, Kyle, Argyllshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: March 2, 1315

Place of Marriage: Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

Death: March 2, 1316 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland (Complications of childbirth following successful caesarian operation)

Place of Burial: Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Robert I the Bruce, King of Scots (1274-1329) and Isabella of Mar, Countess of Carrick (1277-1296)

See: Bruce Family Line

Children:

1. Robert Stewart II, King of Scotland 1316–1390

Family 3

Spouse:

Isabel de Graham, of Abercorn

1298-1325

Isabella Graham

Also Known As: "Isabel Mure", "Isabel Stewart", "Lady Isabel Graham of Abercorn"

Birthdate: 1298

Birthplace: Abercorn, West Lothian,Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Marriage: 1317 at Abercorn West Lothian Scotland

Death: 1325 in Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Sir John de Graham of Dalkeith, Abercorn and Eskdale (1270-1337) and Isabella de Graham (1275-1337)

Children:

1. Egidia Stewart 1316–1406

2. John Stewart 1316–1380

3. John Stewart of Railston 1318–1380

4. Andrew Stewart 1322–

About Sir Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland

Walter Stewart (1293 – 9 April 1326) at Bathgate Castle was the 6th hereditary High Steward of Scotland. He was also the father of King Robert II of Scotland. He was the son of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland and Giles (or Egidia) de Burgh, daughter of Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster.

Walter fought on the Scottish side at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 commanding, with Douglas, the left wing of the Scots' Army. According to another version of events, he was the nominal leader of one of the four Scottish schiltrons, but because of his youth and inexperience, its effective leader was his cousin James Douglas, Lord of Douglas. This is, however, disputed, as some claim that there were only three Scottish schiltrons at Bannockburn.

Upon the liberation of Robert The Bruce's wife and daughter from their long captivity in England, the High Steward was sent to receive them at the Border and conduct them back to the Scottish Court.

During The Bruce's absence in Ireland the High Steward and Sir James Douglas managed government affairs and spent much time defending the Scottish Borders. Upon the capture of Berwick-upon-Tweed from the English in 1318 he got command of the town which, on 24 July 1319 was laid siege to by King Edward II of England. Several of the siege engines were destroyed by the Scots' garrison and the Steward suddenly rushed in force from the town to drive off the enemy. In 1322, with Douglas and Thomas Randolph, he made an attempt to surprise the English King at Byland Abbey, near Malton, Yorkshire. Edward, however, escaped, pursued towards York by The Steward and 500 horsemen.

Walter, Steward of Scotland, made a charter to John St. Clair, his valet, of the lands of Maxton, Roxburghshire, circa 1320/1326, one of the witnesses being "Roberto de Lauwedir (Robert de Lauder) tunc justiciario Laudonie" (Justiciar of Lothian).

Walter married, in 1315, Marjorie, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland by his first wife Isabella of Mar. The Lordship of Largs, forfeited by John Balliol, was bestowed upon Walter by Robert the Bruce, who also granted the Farme Castle estate in Rutherglen to him, as well as other lands and the feudal barony of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. Walter and Marjorie had one son.

Bathgate Castle

https://www.bathgategolfclub.com/bathgate-castle-2/

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-Stewart-6th-High-Steward-of-Scotland/6000000003099027666

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8MB-CP1

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1135&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-980

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/50195576/walter-stewart

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps33/ps33_297.html

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 20x Great-Grandfather:

My 22x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 23x Great-Grandfather:

James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland (1243 - 1309)

James Stewart of Dundonald

Also Known As: "James fitz Alexander"

Birthdate: ca. 1260

Birthplace: (at or near) Durisdeer, Dumfreshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Death: July 16, 1309 in Dundonald Castle, Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Parents:

Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward of Scotland

1214-1283

Lady Jean MacRory

1210-1297

Family 1

Spouse:

Cecilia de Dunbar

Birthdate: estimated between 1218 and 1272

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Married: before 1270 in Scotland

Death: [unknown]

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Patrick lll de Dunbar, 6th/7th Earl of Dunbar and Cecile Fraser

[no children]

Family 2

Spouse:

Muriel, of Strathearn

Also Known As: "widow of William Earl of Mar"

Birthdate: before 1245

Birthplace: Strathearn, Perthshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Married: about 1278 in Scotland

Death: before November 12, 1291 in Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Malise, Earl of Strathearn and Marjory de Muschamp

[no children]

Family 3

Spouse:

Egidia Giles De Burgh

1262-1327

Gille de Burgh, of Ulster

Latin: Egidia, of Ulster

Also Known As: "Egidia"

Birthdate: ca. 1262/1263

Birthplace: Connaught, Ireland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: 1291

Place of Marriage: Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

Death: October 26, 1327 in Cullen, Banffshire, Scotland

Burial: October 26, 1327, Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (1230-1271) and Aveline Fitzjohn, of Ulster (1248-1274)

See: de Burgh Family Line

Children:

1. Sir Andrew Stewart 1291–1309

2. Egidia Giles Stewart 1293–1319

3. Sir Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland 1293–1326

4. Sir John Stewart 1294–1318

5. Euphemia Stewart 1296–

6. Sir James Stewart of Durisdeer 1297–1345

About James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland

James, 5th High Steward of Scotland James Stewart (born say 1260 - died 16 July 1309) was the 5th hereditary High Steward of Scotland and a Guardian of Scotland during the First Interregnum. He was preceded by Alexander Stewart High Steward of Scotland 1283–1309 and succeeded by Walter Stewart.

Family

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart,_5th_High_Steward_of_Scotland

James was a son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland; the identity of Alexander's wife is unknown.[1] The date of his birth is not certainly known and some sources have placed it, on no good evidence, as early as 1243. This is now thought to be unlikely.

James was married several times. His first wife was Cecilia, daughter of Patrick, Earl of Dunbar (died 1289). [is this proven?] James' second wife appears to have been Muriel (born 1244), daughter of Malise, Earl of Strathearn (died 1271). His third wife was Giles, daughter of Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster (died 1271), and sister of Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster (died 1326).[1]

It appears all children were from his 3rd wife.

Children of James include:

Walter, 6th High Steward (1293–1326) who married King Robert I's daughter, Marjorie Bruce.[3]

Sir John, killed 14 October 1318 at the battle of Dundalk.[3]

Sir Andrew,[4] "younger son"[5][6]

Sir James Stewart of Durisdeer, Tutor to his nephew, the future King Robert II of Scotland, in 1327.[3]

Giles "Egidia" Stewart, who married Sir Alexander de Menzies, of Durisdeer.[3]

biographical notes

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart,_5th_High_Steward_of_Scotland

In 1286 he was chosen one of the six Regents of Scotland. He subsequently submitted to King Edward I of England on July 9, 1297, and was one of the auditors for the competitor, Robert de Brus. However, during the Wars of Scottish Independence he joined Sir William Wallace. After Wallace's defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, he gave his support to Robert the Bruce.

In 1302, with six other ambassadors, he was sent to solicit the aid of the French king against Edward, to whom he was once again compelled to swear fealty at Lanercost on October 23, 1306. To render his oath if possible secure, it was taken upon the two crosses of Scotland most esteemed for their sanctity, on the consecrated host, the holy gospels, and certain relics of saints. He also agreed to submit to instant excommunication if he should break his allegiance to Edward. Convinced that his faith was to his country in spite of all, he once again took up the Scottish patriotic cause and died in the service of The Bruce in 1309.[1]

Citations

1. MacEwen, ABW (2011). "The Wives of Sir James the Steward (d.1309)". Foundations. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Vol. 3: 391–398.

2. Barrow, G. W. S.; Royan, Ann (1985), "James, Fifth Stewart of Scotland, 1260(?)–1309", in Stringer, Keith, Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland, Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 166–167, ISBN 1-904607-45-4.

3. Simpson, David, The Genealogical and Chronological History of the Stuarts, Edinburgh, 1713

4. Burke, Messrs., John and John Bernard, The Royal Families of England Scotland and Wales, with Their Descendants, London, 1851, volume 2, page xlvi.

5. Clay, John W., FSA., editor, The Visitation of Cambridge, 1575 and 1619 by Henery St.George, Richmond Herald, Harleian Society, London, 1897, pps: 7 - 11, where he is described thus: "Andreas Stuard filius capit in uxorem filiam Jacobi Bethe et a Johanne Francor' Rege militario ringulo condecoratus est"; translation reads: Andrew Stewart younger son, married the daughter of James Bethe (Beith) and was decorated with a military swordbelt by John (II), King of France ('The Good', reigned 1350-1364).

6. East Anglian Stewarts by G.M.S.Lauder-Frost, FSA Scot., in The Scottish Genealogist, vol.LI, no.4, December 2004, pps:151-161, ISSN 0300-337X

7. Anderson, William, The Scottish Nation, Edinburgh, 1867, vol.ix, p.513.

Comments

JAMES STEWART, FIFTH STEWART OF SCOTLAND,

May have been born in about 1260. The precise date of his birth is a matter for speculation but the anecdotal evidence reviewed by Barrow and Rowan suggests that 1260 may be nearer the mark than the unsubstantiated statement made in The Scots Peerage, that his birth occurred in 1243 [Geoffrey Barrow and Ann Royan, James Fifth Stewart of Scotland, 1260(?)-1309, which was published in: K. J. Stringer (editor), Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland (John Donald, Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 166-194].

supporting data

page 356 of Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011 by Douglas Richardson. "Giles de Burgh, married (as his 3rd wife) James [Stewart] (or James fitz Alexander), Knt., 5th Stewart of Scotland, son and heir of Alexander Stewart, Knt., 4th Stewart of Scotland, of Dundonlad. They had four sons, Andrew, Walter, Knt. [6th Steward of Scotland], John, Knt., and James, Knt., [of Durrisdeer], and one daughter, Giles (wife of Alexander de Meyners or Menzies, Knt.). ...."

"The Wives of Sir James the Steward (d.1309)" Author: MacEwen, Andrew B W Publisher: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy Year published: 2011 Status: See notes Description / Notes: "This paper rehabilitates the traditional year of Sir James the Steward’s birth, names his first two wives, explains the late date of his third marriage to Giles de Burgh, and provides information about their four known children. It posits a double marriage alliance between the Stewarts and Comyns about 1240, clarifies the date of birth of Robert II, and establishes the circumstances of his mother’s death in 1317. It incidentally brings forward some overlooked information on the Muschamp family and shows when Sir William, earl of Mar, actually died. Lastly it draws together what little is known concerning Sir Nicholas Campbell (d.1305), whose representation passed to the Lochawe branch."

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10531.htm#i105308

James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland1

M, #105308, b. circa 1243, d. 16 July 1309

Last Edited=10 Dec 2002

James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland was born circa 1243. He was the son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland and Jean Macrory. He died on 16 July 1309.

James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland gained the title of 5th High Steward of Scotland.1

Children of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland and Gille de Burgh

Sir John Stewart d. c 1318

Andrew Stewart

Sir James Stewart

Gille Stewart

Child of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland and Cecilia de Dunbar

Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland+ b. 1292, d. 9 Apr 13271

Citations

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 214. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.electricscotland.com/history/james.htm

Significant Scots

James Stewart 5th High Steward

by Kelly d. Whittaker

The legacies of the Stewart’s are well documented in Scottish history. Walter FitzAllan was the First High Steward of Scotland assigned by King David. The Stewart family went on to inherit the thrown of Scotland by the marriage of Walter Stewart the son of James 5th High Steward, to Marjory Bruce the daughter of Robert the Bruce and Isabella of Mar.

Reference:

https://www.geni.com/people/James-Stewart-5th-High-Steward-of-Scotland/6000000000701216181

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY8V-Z5K

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1138&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-1015

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/151529631/james-stewart

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps36/ps36_390.html

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 22x Great-Grandfather:

My 24x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 25x Great-Grandfather:

Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland (1180 - 1246)

Sir Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland

Walter FitzAlan, 3rd High Steward of Scotland

Walter Fitzalan Stewart 3rd High Steward Of Scotland

Walter Stewart, IIIrd High Steward of Scotland

Also Known As: "3rd hereditary High Steward of Scotland and Justiciar of Scotia.", ""ballioch"", "Walter Steward of Dundonald", "Walter "3rd High Steward of Scotland" Stewart aka of Dundonald", "of Dundonald", "Walter FitzAlan", "Walter fitz Alan of Paisley", "Walter Óg Stewart"

Birthdate: ca. 1180

Birthplace: Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Title of Nobility: 1204 to 1246 3rd High Steward of Scotland

Occupation: 3rd High Steward of Scotland, Walter FitzAlan

Event: He was the first to (later) use Steward as a surname, and was designated "of Dundonald".

2. Margaret Stewart Countess of Carrick 1206–1255

3. Sir Robert Stewart of Tarbolton and Crookston 1207–1283

4. Beatrix Stewart 1210–1250

5. Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward of Scotland 1214–1283

6. Sybella Stewart 1215–1267

7. John Stewart 1216–1249

8. Walter Bailloch Stewart 1225–1294

About Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland

ALT DEATH DATE: 1204, 1236 b. ABT 1180 Occupation: 3rd Great Steward of Scotland Walter, Steward of Dundonald (c. 1198-1246)

[1] was 3rd hereditary High Steward of Scotland and Justiciar of Scotia.

[2]He was the eldest son of Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland by his second wife Alesta, daughter of Morggán, Earl of Mar. He was the first to (later) use Steward as a surname, and was designated "of Dundonald".. He witnessed a charter by King Alexander II, under the written designation of "Walterus filius Alani, Senescallus, Justiciar, Scotiae" and it may be that seal which Nisbet described pertaining to Walter Hereditary High Steward of Scotland. His seal is mentioned by Nisbet (1722). Around the seal it states Sigill. Walteri filii Allani.

Balfour Paul says that Walter “is said by Duncan Stewart to have married Bethóc (Beatrix), daughter of Gille Críst (Gilchrist) Mormaer of Angus (and his wife Marjorie, said to be a daughter of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon) but no proof has been found of this”.

Marriage

Walter is said to have married Bethóc (sometimes given as Beatrix), daughter of Gille Críst, Earl of Angus[1][2]. Gilchrist's wife's name is unknown. It has been said, but this is doubtful, that his wife was Maud, or Marjory, sister of King William 'The Lion'.[3]

Children

They were parents of: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#Walter3Stewartdied1241B Foundation for Medieval Genealogy] [FMG] and The Scots Peerage [SP] state they only had seven children.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-Stewart-3rd-High-Steward-of-Scotland/6000000006714384628

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYS8-GHS

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I702&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stewart-295

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/149109205/walter-stewart

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps36/ps36_396.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Stewart,_3rd_High_Steward_of_Scotland

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 23x Great-Grandfather:

My 25x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 26x Great-Grandfather:

Sir Alan Fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland (1140 - 1204)

Alain son of Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland

Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland

Alan FitzWalter, IInd High Steward of Scotland

Birthdate: circa 1140

Birthplace: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Occupation: 2nd High Stewart of Scotland, second hereditary steward of Scotland, 1177-1204., 2nd Great Steward of Scotland, 2nd High Steward of Scotland, High Sheriff of Scotland., Lord of Renfrew. 2nd. High Steward., II High Steward of Scotland

Military Service: Alan accompanied Richard the Lionheart on the Third Crusade, from which he returned to Scotland in July 1191. He sailed with him from England and arrived in time to take part in the conquest of Cyprus.

Monarchal Service: served as an appointed deputy to William the Lion, King of Scots.

Event: Became a patron of the Knights Templar and is responsible for expanding Templar influence in Scotland.

Event: During his lifetime acquired the Isle of Bute and built Rothesay Castle.

Death: August 24, 1204 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayr, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Parents:

Walter FitzAlan, 1st High Steward of Scotland

1106-1177

Eschyna de Molle

1114-1186

Family

Spouse:

Alesta nic Morggan

1150-1182

Alesta nic Morggán, of Mar

Birthdate: ca. January 1, 1130

Birthplace: Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: bef. 1167

Place of Marriage: Scotland

Death: 1182 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Buria: aft. September 22, 1182, Crawford, Clydesdale, Lanark, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Morggán MacGylocher, Earl of Mar and Ada

Children:

1. Avelina FitzAlan, Countess Of Carrick 1179–1250

2. Sir Walter Stewart 3rd High Steward of Scotland 1180–1246

3. David FitzAlan 1182–1241

About Sir Alan Fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland

Patron Member of the Knights Templar and is responsible for expanding Templar influence in Scotland.

Alan FitzWalter, 2nd Great Steward1

Last Edited 4 Apr 2020

M, #3940, d. 1204

Father Walter FitzAlan, 1st Great Steward d. 1177

Mother Eschyne de Molle

Alan FitzWalter, 2nd Great Steward married Eve Crawford?, daughter of Sweyn Thor's-son, Overlord of Crawford. Alan FitzWalter, 2nd Great Steward died in 1204.

Family

Eve Crawford?

Children

Avelina FitzAlan+

Walter Stewart, 3rd Great Steward+ d. 1241

David Stewart

************************

About Alain Fitzwalter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland

ALAN SON OF WALTER

Alan son of Walter, the second hereditary steward of Scotland, is the eldest son and heir of Walter son of Alan, the first hereditary steward of Scotland, and his wife Eschina of London. It has been suggested that he may not have been the son of Eschina of London, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Scotland, Kings but he actually refers to the souls of his father and mother in a charter by which he confirms possession of certain churches and lands to the monks of Paisley: "pro anima patris mei Walteri et matris mee Eschene". Paisley Registrum: 15

Supposed First Marriage

According to the Scots Peerage, Alan son of Walter, the second steward of Scotland: "is said to have married Eva, daughter of Swan, son of Thor, Lord of Tippermuir and Tranent, but this seems to be founded on a mistaken reading by Duncan Stewart of a charter in the Register of Scone." The Scots Peerage I: 12

Supposed Second Marriage

According to Wikipedia, Alan son of Walter, the second hereditary steward of Scotland, married Alesta, daughter of Morggán, Earl of Mar, and his wife Ada. Wikipedia: Alan fitz Walter

Children

Evidence from the Register of Paisley Abbey

1177 X 1204: Charter by which Alan son of Walter, dapifer of the King of Scots, confirms possession of certain lands and churches to the monks of Paisley. His confirmation was made for the benefit of the souls of King David and King Malcolm, and for the souls of his father and mother: "pro anima patris mei Walteri et matris mee Eschene". Paisley Registrum: 15

PUBLISHED SOURCES

Registrum Monasterii de Passelet cartas privilegia conventiones aliaque munimenta complectens a domo fundata A.D.MCLXIII usque ad A.D.MDXXIX, etc. (Maitland Club, Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXII), 440 pp. plus Appendix and Index

Liber Sancte Marie de Melros. Munimenta Vetustiora Monasterii Cisterciensis de Melros. Tomus Primus. (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, M. DCCC.XXVII), 321 pp. plus Indexes and Illustrations

Liber S, Marie de Calchou. Registrum Cartarum Abbacie Tironensis de Kelso. 1113-1567. (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, MDCCCXLVI), 582 pp. including indexes

view all 14

Alain Fitzwalter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland's Timeline

1150

1150

Birth of Alan

Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

1179

1179

Age 29

Birth of Avelina FitzAlan, Countess of Carrick

Carrick, Galloway, Scotland

1183

1183

Age 33

Birth of Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland

Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

1204

August 24, 1204

Age 54

Death of Alan at Dundonald, Kyle, Ayr, Scotland

Dundonald, Kyle, Ayr, Scotland

1204

Age 54

Burial of Alan

Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Birth: 1126

Paisley

Renfrewshire, Scotland

Death: 1204

Kyle

East Ayrshire, Scotland

Alan Fitz Walter was the 2nd High Steward of Scotland serving from 1178 - 1204:

"The title of High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century first to Walter Fitzalan, Alan Fitz Walter's father, whose descendants became the House of Stewart. In 1371, the last High Steward inherited the throne, and thereafter the title of High Steward of Scotland has been held as a subsidiary title to that of Duke of Rothesay, held by the heir-apparent. Thus, currently, The Prince of Wales is High Steward of Scotland, sometimes known as the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland." ~ Wikipedia ~

Important life accomplishments of Alan Fitz Walter:

1. Alan served as an appointed deputy to William the Lion, King of Scots.

2. During Alan's lifetime his family acquired the Isle of Bute and built Rothesay Castle.

3. Alan accompanied Richard the Lionheart on the Third Crusade, from which he returned to Scotland in July 1191.

4. Alan became a patron of the Knights Templar and is responsible for expanding Templar influence in Scotland.

FYI... ALL six of the first 'High Stewards of Scotland' were buried at Paisley Abbey.

Family links:

Parents:

Walter FitzAlan (____ - 1177)

Eschyna de Molle Londoniis FitzAlan (1107 - 1186)

Spouse:

Margaret DeGalloway (1130 - 1182)*

Children:

Walter Stewart (1180 - 1241)*

Sibling:

Alan FitzWalter (1126 - 1204)

Christina le Stewart de Brus (1165 - ____)**

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Alain-son-of-Walter-2nd-High-Steward-of-Scotland/6000000003615380551

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCJX-48P

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1942&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzWalter-103

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/151529556/alan-fitzwalter

http://www.venitap.com/Genealogy/WebCards/ps36/ps36_397.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_fitz_Walter,_2nd_High_Steward_of_Scotland

https://www.stewartsociety.org/history-of-the-stewarts.cfm?section=famous-stewarts&subcatid=15&histid=133

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 24x Great-Grandfather:

My 26x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 27x Great-Grandfather:

Walter FitzAlan, 1st High Steward of Scotland (1106 - 1177)

Walter FitzAlan

Walter FitzAlan, 1st Hereditary High Steward of Scotland

Also Known As: "Walter Fitzalan", "High Steward of Scotland", "Walter Fitz Alan", "1st High Steward of Scotland", "High Steward Of Scotland", "High Stewart of Scotland", "Walter "1st High Steward of Scotland" FitzAlan aka High Steward of Scotland", "Walter the Breton", "Fitz-Alan", "Fitzallen"

Birthdate: ca. 1106

Birthplace: Oswestry Castle, Shropshire, England

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Military Service: August 1, 1138 Cowton Moor, Yorkshire, England. Fought for Scotland at the Battle of the Standard at Northallerton in 1138 under the command of King David I's son, Prince Henry.

Title of Nobility: In 1150 became 1st High Steward of Scotland, c1150-1177

Military Service: 1164 Renfrew, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Led a force which defeated Somerled, King of the Hebrides (Gaelic: rí Innse Gall) in the Battle of Renfrew.

Death: February 2, 1177 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Parents:

Alan FitzFlaad, Seneschal of Dol

1078-1114

Avelina de Hesdin

1077-1127

Family

Spouse:

Eschyna de Molle

1114-1186

Eschina of London

Eschelyn de Londonnia, of Molle

Eschyna de Molle Londoniis FitzAlan

Eschyna de Londoniis, Heiress of Uchtred de Molla & Huntlaw

Also Known As: "Eschelina", "Eschina domina de Molla; Echina de Molla; Eschener de Molla: Eschina de Lodoniis", "Eschina de Ludonijs; Eschina de Londoniis", "Eschyna of Londonis"

Birthdate: ca. 1114

Birthplace: Roxburghshire, Scotland

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Title of Nobility: Heiress of Molla & Huntlaw

Date of Marriage: ca. 1131

Place of Marriage: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Death: 1186 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Schottland

Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Thomas de Loudon (1085-1148) and Escheyne Molle (1085-1147)

Children:

1. Sir Alan Fitz Walter 2nd High Steward of Scotland 1140–1204

2. Margaret Marjory FitzWalter 1143–1215

3. Christiana FitzWalter 1145–1227

About Walter FitzAlan, 1st High Steward of Scotland

WALTER SON OF ALAN

First Hereditary Steward of Scotland

Waltero filio Alan (before 24 May 1153) Walterus filius Alani, dapifer regis Scottorum (1177)

Death

Walter son of Alan died in 1177. Chonicle of Melrose: 88 He died at Melrose Abbey, where he had become a monk. Monastic Annals: 275

Evidence from Lawrie's Earl Scottish Charters

1124 X 24 May 1153: Charter by which David I, King of Scots, confirms that he has given Swinton to his knight Hernulf. Witnessed by Waltero filio Alan and others. Earl Scottish Charters: C and CI

Note: Walter son of Alan is noticed in the witness list of seventeen charters printed by Lawrie. See index.

Evidence from the Melrose Chronicle

Anno m.c.lxxvij. . . . . .Walterus filius Alani, dapifer regis Scottorum, familiaris noster, diem obiit, cujus anima vivat in gloria. Chonicle of Melrose: 88

Secondary Source Evidence

Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153.: Collected with notes and an index by Sir Archibald C. Lawrie (James MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow, 1905), 515 pp. including index

Chronica sw Mailros, E Codice Unico in Bibliotheca Cottoniana Servata, Nunc Interim in Lucem Edita. Notulus Indiceque Aucta (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXV.), 238 pp. plus index

The Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, or The History and Antiquities of the Abbeys of Jedburgh, Kelso, Melros and Dryburgh. By the Rev. James Morton, BD. (Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXII.), 328 pp. including index

BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARIES

1

Walter Fitz Alan was the first authentic Stewart on the pages of history. He witnessed many charters, chiefly those of King David I . King David I named Walter the first High Steward of Scotland (the first to hold that positon). Malcolm IV King of Soctland made this positon hereitary in the year 1157. He possessed much land as a result of this title. He gained lands in Renfrew Paisley, Pollock, Cathcart Talahec, Le Drip, Le Mutrene, Eaglesam, & Lochwinnock in Renfrewshire and of Innerwick in East Lothian. He died 1177, leaving one son and a daughter. He was the ancesor of the House of Stewart. The position of High Steward became heriditary from that point on. The name Stewart means cup-bearer. The High Stewards of Scotland were Stewards to the sovereign and of the royal revenues and domains. (Accountants of the King). Rootsweb: Descendants of Walter Fitz Alan

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-FitzAlan-1st-High-Steward-of-Scotland/6000000000701216245

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKB-H6F

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1945&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzAlan-573

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63270003/walter-fitzalan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_fitz_Alan

https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-roldan-hamilton/P1560.php

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Walter_fitz_Alan

fitz Alan

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/FitzAlan

Oswestry Castle

http://www.castlewales.com/oswestry.html

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 25x Great-Grandfather:

My 27x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 28x Great-Grandfather:

Alan fitzFlaad, Seneschal of Dol (1078 - 1114)

Alan fitzFlaad, Sheriff of Shropshire

Alan FitzFlaad, lord of Owestry, Sheriff of Shropshire

Knight Alan Oswestry FitzFlaad

Alain fitz Flaad, Sénéchal de Dol-de-Bretagne

Also Known As: "Sir Alan "of Lochabar" FitzFlaad", "fitz Flaad", "fitz Flaald", "Alan fitzFlaad, of Oswestry, Sheriff of Shropshire"

Birthdate: 1078

Birthplace: Dol, St Malo, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Military Service: 1097 Crusader in First Crusade, Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne, B. St. Floren; 1101 Active on the Welsh border; a Breton knight, probably recruited as a mercenary by Henry I, in his conflicts with his brothers.

Event: In the time of William the Conqueror, Alan, the son of Flaad, obtained by the gift of that King, the castle of Oswaldestre, with the territory adjoining.

Occupation: Sénéchal héréditaire de Dol-de-Bretagne, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, Lord of Owestry, Thane of Lochaber, Sheriff of Shropshire, Baron of Oswestry, Salop, and Mileham, Riddare, a breton knight

Death: after 1121 in Oswestry Castle, Shropshire, England

Parents:

Flaald fitz Flaad, Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne

1046-1106

Quenta vech Griffith

1047-1089

Family

Spouse:

Avelina de Hesdin

1077-1127

Avelina de Hesding, domina Norton

Also Known As: "Aveline de Hesding", "Adeliza de Hesdin", "Ada", "Adeline", "Avelina", "de Hestin", "Adeliza", "Aveline", "Warine"

Birthdate: ca. 1081

Birthplace: Hesdin, Artois/Pas-de-Calais, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Death: circa 1126 in Shropshire, England

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Ernulf, seigneur de Hesdin (1038-1098) and Emmeline de Normandy (1038-1094)

Children:

1. William Fitz Alan, Lord of Oswestry 1105–1160

2. Walter FitzAlan, 1st High Steward of Scotland 1106–1177

3. Simon FitzAlan 1107–1165

4. Adam Fitzalan

5. Jordan FitzAlan 1107–1130

6. Sybil FitzAlan –1132

About Alan fitzFlaad, Seneschal of Dol

Crusader in First Crusade (1097), Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne, B. St. Floren.

Alan fitz Flaad (c. 1078 – after 1121) was a Breton knight, probably recruited as a mercenary by Henry I, in his conflicts with his brothers.[1] After Henry became King of England, Alan became an assiduous courtier and obtained large estates in Norfolk, Sussex, Shropshire, and elsewhere in the Midlands, including the feudal barony and castle of Oswestry in Shropshire.[2][3][4] His duties included supervision of the Welsh border.[5] He is now noted as the progenitor of the FitzAlan family, the Earls of Arundel (1267–1580), and the House of Stuart,[6] although his family connections were long a matter of conjecture and controversy.

Family origins: a contested history

The controversy over Stewart ancestry===

Alan's role was formerly obscure because of the political implications of examining the origins of the Stewart dynasty. Holinshed, deriving his information from the work of Hector Boece, asserted that Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, was the ancestor of the Stewarts.[7] Distorting the role of Banquo, who is presented by Holinshed as Macbeth's chief accomplice in regicide,[8] William Shakespeare presented him flatteringly in Macbeth as a martyred ancestor of James VI of Scotland and I of England. These legends, accepted as history, became part of the foundation narrative of the Stewarts and forced later writers to trace the Stewart ancestry through Fleance, Banquo's son. David Symson, the Historiographer Royal of Scotland, in a work dedicated to Queen Anne, followed the chroniclers in having Fleance marry a daughter of the Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn,[9] and then introduced Walter as his son[10] and Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland as his grandson.[11] However, this greatly distorted the chronology, forcing Symson to transpose Alan fitz Walter, actually born around 1140, to about 1073. This created a gap in the record, which was filled by multiplying the Alans and Walters in the Stewart line.

David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, in his Annals of Scotland, published in the 1770s, went some way to establish a convincing chronology for Walter fitz Alan, who, he asserted, belonged to the reign of David I of Scotland (1124–53) and his successor, Malcolm IV. Moreover, he was the first of the Stewarts: there was none in the reign of Malcolm III (1058–93), as Symson had been forced to maintain.[12] He went on to demolish the legendary background to the Stewarts, which he described as "flattering and ignorant fictions". He showed that there was a need to distinguish the various Alans who were connected with the Stewart line, something he was unembarrassed to be unable to do:

Some of my readers may demand, "Who then was Alan the father of Walter, Stewart of Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV?" ... In the reign of David I, before the middle of the twelfth century, the family of the Stewarts was opulent and powerful. It may, therefore, have subsisted for many ages previous to that time; but when, and what was its commencement, we cannot determine.[13]

Andrew Stuart, a notable Scottish MP, accepted Dalrymple's critical work on the legendary ancestors, although he included among these a crusader Alan who was subsequently to emerge as genuine.[14] He sought to establish a definite chronological framework, placing Walter fitz Alan's death in 1177.

Not until the first decade of the 19th century did George Chalmers definitely prove that Walter fitz Alan, an acknowledged link in the Stewart ancestry, came from Shropshire and was actually the son of Alan fitz Flaad. This finally established Alan fitz Flaad's existence and importance, and confirmed the kinship between the Stewarts and the FitzAlan Earls of Arundel.[4] Even then, the legendary background took almost a century to fade. In 1858, Robert William Eyton, the distinguished historian of Shropshire, while clarifying Alan fitz Flaad's connection with the county and details of his marriage, still tried to maintain a link with the legendary Banquo,[15] and even surmised that Flaad was actually Fleance.[16]

After an anonymous work of 1874 drew attention to a strong connection between Alan fitz Flaad and Brittany, and confirmed Flaad's relationship to Alan the Seneschal,[17] J. Horace Round definitively established and publicised Alan fitz Flaad's true Breton origins in 1901 in a collection of genealogical essays. Alan's father, Flaad (rendered in numerous ways, including Flaald and Flathald), was a son (or possibly a brother) of Alain, dapifer to the Ancient Diocese of Dol,[18] with its see at Dol-de-Bretagne, who had taken part in the First Crusade in 1097.[19] "Alan Dapifer" is found as a witness in 1086 to a charter relating to Mezuoit, a cell near Dol of the Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur. The area of Dol is near Mont-Saint-Michel and has figured in the history of the Duchy of Brittany since at least the rule of Nominoe. Round's genealogy was confirmed in 1904 by Sir James Balfour Paul, then Lord Lyon King of Arms, who, in a definitive work, The Scots Peerage, stated that "the Stewarts or Stuarts are of Breton origin, descended from a family which held the office of Senescal or Steward of Dol."[20] He then reinstated Alan fitz Flaad to his place in the ancestry of the Scottish royal family and gave a summary of what was known of his career.

Arrival in England

Henry's royal seal, showing the King on horseback and seated on his throne. The images reflect Henry's peripatetic kingship, with the court constantly mobile while transacting business. Flaad and his son Alan had come to the favourable notice of King Henry I of England who, soon after his accession, brought Flaad and Alan to England. Eyton, consistently following the theory of the Scottish origins of the Stewarts, thought this was because he was part of the entourage of the Queen, Matilda of Scotland,[22] but Round pointed out that Henry had been besieged in Mont St Michel during his struggle with his brothers,[1] an event which probably occurred in 1091. He is known to have recruited Breton troops at that time and, after his surrender, left the scene via the adjoining regions of Brittany, where Dol is situated. This is a likely explanation for the Bretons in the military retinue he brought to England after the death of William Rufus.

Alan's career in England can be traced largely through his presence as a witness to charters granted by the king during his travels in the first decade or more of his reign. Some of his activities were traced by Eyton, and his researches overlap with William Farrer's calendar of Henry I's travels. All of the business in which he took part was ecclesiastical, involving grants, sometimes disputed, to churches and monasteries.

Appearances at court

Miniature from illuminated Chronicle of Matthew Paris, showing Henry enthroned and symbolically holding a church. Alan fitz Flaad's business at court seems invariably to have involved donations to the church. Alan appeared in Henry I's company at least as early as September 1101, probably at a court held in Windsor Castle,[23] when he witnessed important grants to Norwich Cathedral, confirming its foundation and various endowments.[24][25] Next, he appeared with the king at Canterbury in 1103,[26] where he witnessed the grant of a market to the nuns of Malling Abbey and land acquisitions by Rochester Cathedral, then in the process of rebuilding.[27]

Later that year[28] or early in the next,[29] Alan was with the king in the New Forest, where the business concerned Andover Priory, a daughter house of the great Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur.[30] He was probably selected deliberately for this meeting because of his family's close connections with Saumur Abbey: one of his uncles was a monk there.[19] William Rufus had decreed that all chapels in the parish of Andover church should be handed over to the monks or destroyed.[31] One problem at issue revolved around Foxcote chapel, which was evidently being defended from destruction or annexation by Edward de Foscote, a local landowner. Another seems to have been the administration of justice in the monastic estates.[32] Wihenoc, a monk of St Florent, had initiated an action against the reeve of Andover to have these issues clarified and resolved. Alan fitz Flaad was called upon to witness a compromise, although Foxcote was among the properties confirmed to the priory by Pope Eugenius III in 1146.[33]

In the autumn of 1105 Alan was called to York to witness confirmation of Ralph Paynel's transfer of his refounded Holy Trinity Priory in York to Marmoutier Abbey, Tours[34][35] and his many endowments of the priory itself.[36][37] At some point he also witnessed the Roger de Nonant's gift of the church at Totnes and various tithes to the Abbey of SS Sergius and Bacchus at Angers, a gift which was earmarked as being for the souls of the royal family.[38]

In May 1110 Alan was at court at Windsor again to witness the king's settlement of a property dispute between Hervey le Breton, Bishop of Ely, and Ranulph Flambard, Bishop of Durham, resolved in favour of the former.[39]

Probably only later does he appear as a witness to a royal command issued to Richard de Belmeis I, the Bishop of London and the king's viceroy in Shropshire, to see that justice was done in the case of a disputed prebend at Morville.[40][41] The collegiate church there had been dissolved and replaced with a priory attached to Shrewsbury Abbey[42] and it seems that the son of one of the prebendaries was resisting the loss of what he regarded as his patrimony. Alan is listed among a group of Shropshire magnates, including Corbets and a Peverel, meeting perhaps during Henry I's 1114 military expedition into Wales. Johnson and Cronne tentatively place the meeting at Holdgate Castle in Shropshire. Eyton dates the event earlier, around the time of a royal expedition to Shropshire in 1109.[43] Whatever the date, it shows Alan as an important member of the Shropshire landowning class.

Territorial magnate

Alan's rapid ascent to wealth and power was a symptom of the troubled times. The abortive revolt of Robert de Belleme in 1102 had torn apart the Anglo-Norman system of governing the Welsh Marches. With other Breton friends, Alan had been given forfeited lands in Norfolk and Shropshire, including some which had previously belonged to Robert de Belleme himself.[44] Robert had proved a threat to Henry in both the Welsh Marches and in Normandy, so the king was determined to insert reliable supporters to counterbalance or replace his network of supporters. Alan received more land as he proved his worth. A large portfolio of lands in Shropshire and around Peppering, near Arundel in Sussex, was taken from the holdings of Rainald de Bailleul,[45] ancestor of the House of Balliol, which was also later to provide a king of Scotland. These were lands granted to Rainald by William the Conqueror in recognition of his role as Sheriff of Shropshire. There is no evidence that Rainald or his successor, Hugh, were rebels, and it seems that their lands came to Alan as a consequence of his elevation to the shrievalty of the county.[43] He also gained a stake in the very large estates of Ernulf de Hesdin by marriage to his daughter, Avelina.[46]

Religious grants and foundations

The very long nave of Norwich Cathedral, a Norman foundation under construction in Alan's day. He both witnessed grants to the cathedral and made considerable donations of his own. Alan was actively involved in a number of grants to religious institutions. One of the grants to Norwich Cathedral that he witnessed in 1101 concerned advowson of the church at Langham, Norfolk, which "had been Alan's", along with the tithes. It is possible this was a donation by himself.[23] At some point unknown he gave the manor of Eaton near Norwich, to Norwich Cathedral, a gift the king promised "to confirm when Alan comes to my court."[47][48] It is unclear whether this implied the king doubted the existence or the authenticity of the monks' charter:[49] it certainly implies that Alan's attendance at court was to be expected. He also made considerable grants of land to Castle Acre Priory,[50] which lay on the boundary of his Norfolk honour of Mileham.[51]

However, his most important grants in Norfolk were to Sporle Priory, another Benedictine house subject to St Florent de Saumur, which he founded.[52] He gave to the monks of St Florent the church at Sporle, its tithes, a man's landholding, a ploughland in Sporle and another in Mileham, firewood and building timber, and pasture for sheep.[53] The Liber Albus of St Florent mentions that one of the monks present when Alan made the gift was Wihenoc, who initiated the action at Andover.[54] Sporle was later endowed with property in Norfolk villages, including Great and Little Palgrave, where the priory had the church,[33] Great Dunham, Hunstanton and Holme-next-the-Sea.[28]

Alan acquired Upton Magna, the manor in Shropshire on which Haughmond Abbey was later built, as part of the group of estates that had belonged to earlier sheriffs.[55] A note at the beginning of the abbey's cartulary dates the foundation to 1100 but attributes it to Alan's son, William Fitz Alan,[56] which is impossible, as he was not yet born.[57] The existence of a religious community at Haughmond is not definitely attested before a grant of a fishery to what was still a priory by William, around 1135.[58] While Eyton assumed that William was the founder, although at a later date than suggested by the introductory note on the cartulary, the Victoria County History account leaves open the possibility that a small semi-eremetic community existed earlier at Haughmond under Alan's protection, without leaving a written trace.[45]

Alan probably gave many small grants of land or property rights. He gave land at his manor of Stretton-on-Dunsmore in Warwickshire to Burton Abbey.[59] He granted the tithes from his demesne at Burton on Trent to the monks of Léhon in Brittany, where there was a priory subject to the Abbey of Marmoutier: this is known from its confirmation some decades later by his grandson, Alan fitz Jordan.[60] Alan fitz Jordan also confirmed his grandfather's grant to Marmoutier of property at Cuguen,[61] in Brittany, and confirmed or restored Alan fitz Flaad's gift of a mill at Burton to Sele Priory, a small Sussex monastery subordinate to St Florent de Saumur.[28]

Marriage and family

Alan fitz Flaad married Avelina de Hesdin, daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin, a tenant-in-chief in ten counties at the time of Domesday,[62] who was killed on crusade at Antioch.[63][64] The Burkes' Royal Families of 1848 was one of the sources that asserted Alan's wife was the "dau(ghter) and heir of Warine, Sheriff of Shropshire, temp. William the Conqueror."[2] The underlying reasoning seems to be that Alan held the lands formerly held by the sheriffs of the county and goes back at least as far as William Dugdale, but it was rejected by Eyton,[65] not least because of lack of any evidence. He noted that

William fitz Alan, in grants of his Sussex estates to Haughmond Abbey, referred to his mother as Adelina in the account by Orderic Vitalis of the siege of Shrewsbury in 1138, the defender "Ernulf de Hesding" is referred to as the avunculus or maternal uncle of William fitz Alan.[46]

By deduction, this Ernulf, who shared his father's name and byname, was the brother of Avelina. Round traced the elder Ernulf's activities in Picardy and confirmed that he had a daughter, called Ava in this context, who was named as one of those consenting to a charter granting family holdings at Hesdin to the Priory of St George, a Benedictine house subject to Anchin Abbey[66] and located by Vieil-Hesdin, the original site of the town of Hesdin. The priory's record of the grant makes clear that Ernulf was riding in the entourage of William Rufus and returning to England at the time.

The issue of Alan and Avelina was:

William fitz Alan, eldest son (d. 1160), made High Sheriff of Shropshire by King Stephen of England in 1137. He married a niece of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester.[67] His son William (d. c1210) acquired by marriage the Lordship of Clun and he became designated "Lord of Clun and Oswestry".[68] William is ancestor of the FitzAlan Earls of Arundel.[69]

Walter fitz Alan, second son, became first hereditary High Steward of Scotland,[67] and ancestor of the Stewart Kings of Scotland.[6]

Jordan fitz Alan, of Burton, who inherited lands in Brittany, and restored to the Priory of St. Florent at Sele, West Sussex, the mill at Burton given it by his father.[70]

Simon fitz Alan, brother of Walter, who also went to Scotland and witnessed his brother's Foundation Charter of Paisley Abbey.[71] Round suggests he may have been either a uterine brother or even a bastard brother.[72]

After Alan's death, Avelina married Robert fitz Walter, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, as shown in a grant, dated no earlier than 1126, of their church at Chipping Norton to Gloucester Abbey.[73]

Death: a contested date

Alan's death, when dated at all, is generally said to have been in or by 1114. This is based on reasoning set out by Eyton. He read in Dugdale's History of Warwickshire that Sybil of Wolston had confirmed a gift of land made by her mother, Adeliza, to Burton Abbey.[59] He was convinced the land in question had belonged to Alan and that Adeliza was the same as Avelina, his wife. As Adeliza would not have been able to grant the land until it passed into her control on his death, and the Abbey was known to have had the land by 1114, it followed that Alan could not have lived beyond 1114. However, Round's researches established the reasoning was based on a false premise. Eyton had conflated three distinct but neighbouring Warwickshire manors, all belonging at one time to Rainald de Bailleul. One of the charters he collected, in which Sybil confirms a land grant to the Benedictine abbey at Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, showed clearly that Sybil was not the daughter of Avelina and Alan fitz Flaad, but of one Hubert Baldram, a vassal of Rainald.[74] Round thus concluded:

Thus Adeliza, mother of Sybil, and wife of Hubert Baldran, was quite distinct from Avelina, wife of Alan Fitz Flaald, with whom Mr. Eyton rashly identified her. Alan may have lived, and probably did, beyond 1114...[75]

However the date stuck and appears in the 1973 Victoria County History account of Haughmond Abbey, it appears as a terminus ante quem for events in Alan's life.[45] It is known that Avelina de Hesdin, as a widow, made a claim for her dower, relating to Eaton manor, against Everard of Calne, Bishop of Norwich. She obtained 100 shillings-worth of land in the manor for life, an award that Henry I confirmed in April/May 1121 at his court in Winchester.[76] Alan's death must have pre-dated this award, but not necessarily by more than a few months.

Notes

Round (1901), p. 124

Burke, John and John Bernard, Volume 2, p. xl

Cokayne, G. E., edited by Vicary Gibbs & H. A. Doubleday, The Complete Peerage, London, 1926, vol. v., p. 391

Chalmers, Volume 2, p. 572-3

Ritchie, R. L. Graeme, The Normans in Scotland, Edinburgh University Press, 1954, p. 280-81

Barrow, G. W. S. "Stewart family". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49411. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Holinshed, Volume 5, p. 265

Holished, Volume 5, p. 269

Sym, p.16-7

Sym, p.18

Sym, p.22-3

Dalrymple, p. 57

Dalrymple, p. 53-4

Stuart, p. 1-2

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 215-6

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 227

The Norman People, p. 408

Round (1901), p. 120

Round (1901), p. 122

Paul, p. 9

Round (1901), p. 129

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 230

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 217

Johnson and Cronne, p. 13-4, no. 547-8

Farrer, p. 10, nos. 25-6

Farrer, p. 19, nos. 68-9

Johnson and Cronne, p. 30, nos. 634, 636.

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 219

Farrer, p. 19, no. 80

Alien houses: Priory of Andover in Doubleday and Page, p.219-21.

Round (1899), p. 415, no. 1150.

Johnson and Cronne, p. 41, no. 687.

Round (1899), p. 402, no. 1126.

Round (1899), p. 442, no. 1225.

Johnson and Cronne, p. 45, no. 714.

Farrer, p. 30, nos. 121C. and 121D.

Johnson and Cronne, p. 45, no. 715.

Johnson and Cronne, p. 50, no. 735a.

Johnson and Cronne, p. 51, no. 945.

Farrer, p. 70, no. 326

Johnson and Cronne, p. 51, no. 1051.

M J Angold, G C Baugh, Marjorie M Chibnall, D C Cox, D T W Price, Margaret Tomlinson and B S Trinder. Houses of Benedictine monks: Priory of Morville in Gaydon and Pugh, p. 62-70.

Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, Volume 7, p. 220

Ritchie (1954) p.280-1

A T Gaydon, R B Pugh (Editors), M J Angold, G C Baugh, Marjorie M Chibnall, D C Cox, Revd D T W Price, Margaret Tomlinson, B S Trinder: Victoria County History: Shropshire, Volume 2, Chapter 9: the Abbey of Haughmond

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 222

Farrer, p. 54, no. 243

Johnson and Cronne, p. 55, no. 762

Johnson and Cronne, p. xxviii

Johnson and Cronne, p. 144, no. 1194

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 218

Round (1901), p. 123

Alien houses: The priory of Sporle in Page, p. 463-4

Round (1899), p. 414, no. 1149.

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 211

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 283

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 284

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 285

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 221

Round (1899), p. 441, no. 1221.

Round (1901), p. 127

Round (1899), p. xlvii

Round (1901), p. 116

Ritchie (1954) p. 98n

Eyton, Volume 7, p. 213

Round (1899), p. 481, no. 1326.

Ritchie (1954) p.281

Cokayne et al. (1926), vol. v, p. 392

Round (1901), p. 125

Round (1901), p. 126

Ritchie (1954) p.348n

Round (1901), p. 125, fn. 3

Johnson and Cronne, p. 296, no. 1940.

Round (1899), p. 202, no. 579.

Round (1901), p. 130-1

Johnson and Cronne, p. 163, no. 1284.

References

Anonymous (1874). The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States of America. Henry S. King. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Barrow, G. W. S. "Stewart family". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49411. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Burke, John; Burke, John Bernard (1851). The royal families of England, Scotland, and Wales : with their descendants, sovereigns and subjects. E. Churton. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Chalmers, George (1807). Caledonia. 2 (New edition, 1887 ed.). Alexander Gardner. Retrieved 10 February 2015.

Dalrymple, David (1776). Genealogical history of the Stewarts. 3 (1797 ed.). Creech et al. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Doubleday, H. Arthur; Page, William, eds. (1903). A History of the County of Hampshire. 2. Institute for Historical Research. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Eyton, Robert William (1858). The Antiquities of Shropshire. 7. John Russell Smith, London. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Farrer, William (1920). An Outline Itinerary of King Henry the First. Oxford. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Holinshed, Raphael (1587). Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland. 5 Scotland (1808 ed.). Johnson et al. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Johnson, Charles; Cronne, H. A., eds. (1956). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum,. 2. Oxford. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

Page, William, ed. (1906). A History of the County of Norfolk. 2. Institute for Historical Research. Retrieved 26 February 2015.

Paul, James Balfour (1904). The Scots Peerage. David Douglas. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Ritchie, Robert Lindsay Graeme (1954). The Normans in Scotland. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0404187835.

Round, J. Horace (1899). Calendar of Documents Preserved in France, illustrative of the history of Great Britain and Ireland. 1. HMSO. Retrieved 27 February 2015.

Also available at Round, J. Horace. "Calendar of Documents Preserved in France 918-1206". Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 27 February 2015.

Round, J. Horace (1901). Studies in Peerage and Family History. Constable. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Stuart, Andrew (1798). Genealogical history of the Stewarts. Strahan et al. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Symson, David (1712). A genealogical and historical account of the illustrious name of Stuart. Freebairn, Knox. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Alan-fitzFlaald-Sheriff-of-Shropshire/6000000005223728654

https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Alan_fitz_Flaad_(1070-1114)

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2NQ-X1C

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1948&tree=CC

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzFlaald-16

https://gw.geneanet.org/peter781?lang=en&n=fitzflaad&oc=2&p=alan

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119018286/alan-fitzflaald

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_fitz_Flaad

https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-roldan-hamilton/P2209.php

High Sheriff of Shropshire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Shropshire#11th_century

____________________________________________________________________

Grandy's 26x Great-Grandfather:

My 28x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 29x Great-Grandfather:

Flaad fitz Flaad, Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne (1046 - 1106)

Flaad Fitz Alan of Bretagne

Flaad "Fledaldus" de Dol

Fledaldus FitzAlan Senescal of Dol

Flaad (Flathead), Hereditary Steward of Dol

Fledaldus FitzAlan, Baron of Saint-Laurent de Dol , Lord of Ferrières

Also Known As: "Flaald", "Flathald", "Fledaldus", "Baron of St. Lorent" de Dol", "Fleald", "Alan Fledaldus Doll"

Birthdate: ca. 1046

Birthplace: Dol-de-Bretagne, Bretagne, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Migration: 1069 Probably came to Scotland with the Saxon Princess Margaret, who married King Malcolm III in 1069.

Title of Nobility: Seneschal de Dol en Bretagne

Military Service [not confirmed]: Crusader in First Crusade (1097), Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne, B. St. Floren

Occupation: Flaad was hereditary Steward of Dol. He consented before 1080 to a grant of land by his elder brother Alan to the Abbey of St. Florent.

Death: before circa 1106 in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales (probably died in battle)

Place of Burial: Bretagne, France

Parents:

Alain "Dapifer" fitz Flaad, Seneschal of Dol

1024-1080

Tittensor MacKenneth

1020-1089

Family

Spouse:

Quenta vech Griffith

1047-1089

Also Known As: "Unnamed Daughter Of Ava MacAlpin", "Dinan Châteaubriant"

Birthdate: 1047

Birthplace: Dol-de-Bretagne, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France

Denomination: (probably) Roman Catholic

Date of Marriage: bef. 1078

Place of Marriage: Dol-de-Bretagne, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France

Death: 1089 in Wales

Immediate Family:

Daughter of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of the Britons (1007-1063) and Ealdgyth verch Aelfgar of Mercia (1024-1086)

Children:

1. Alan FitzFlaad Seneschal of Dol 1078–1114

2. Rivallon Fitz Flaad, monk of St Florent at Dol

About Flaad fitz Flaald, Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne

Children:

1. Flaad fitz Flaad, Seneschal de Dol-de-Bretagne 1046–1106

2. Alan "Dapifer" de Dol (fitzAlan), Seneschal of Dol-de-Bretagne 1050-1097

3. Robert FitzAlan, of Dol 1050-1086

4. Rivallon (Rhiwallon) FitzAlan de Dol, Monk of Mezuoit 1058-

About Alain "Dapifer" fitz Flaad, Seneschal of Dol

Alain "Dapifer" (c1024-after 1080), Seneschal of Dol. He is now known to have scion of the seneschals of Brittany, but he was traditionally thought to have been a son of Fleance MacAlpin, Thane of Lochaber. In MacBeth, Shakespeare has the witches tell Banquo that he will be the father of kings. The play was written for James I (VI) of England and Scotland, who as a descendant of Alan Dapifer was thought to have been a descendant of Banquo.

His wife is unknown except in later legend.

Some spurious genealogies call Alain a son of "Fratmaldus the Seneschal".

Horace Round's Critique

J.H. Round: Studies in Peerage and Family History

I am very grateful to Mary Kifissia (née Stewart), who has transcribed most of J. Horace Round's paper on "The Origin of the Stewarts", from "Studies in Peerage and Family History" (Westminster, Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd., 1901, pages 115-146), and to Rick Eaton for permission to reproduce her transcript here.

[NB. Of course, any work of this age should be used with caution. However, this paper appears to have stood the test of time well, and I am not aware of any errors.]

Of the problems upon which new light is thrown by my Calendar of documents in France relating to English history, none, probably, for the genealogist, will rival in interest the origin of the Stewarts. It has long been known that the Scottish Stewarts and the great English house of Fitz Alan possessed a common ancestor in Alan, the son of Flaald, living under Henry the First. This was established at some length by Chalmers in his Caledonia (1807) on what he declared to be "the most satisfactory evidence."1 According to him, "Alan the son of Flaald, a Norman, acquired the manor of Oswestrie, in Shropshire, soon after the Conquest," and "married the daughter of Warine, the famous sheriff of Shropshire." Mr Riddell, the well-known Scottish antiquary, followed up the arguments of Chalmers, in 1843, with a paper on the "Origin of the House of Stewart,"2 in which he accepted and enforced the views of Chalmers, including his theory that Walter Fitz Alan brought with him to Scotland followers from Shropshire and gave them lands

1 Vol. I, pp. 572-575. 2 Stewartiana, pp. 55-70.

there. But research has hitherto been unable to determine the origin of Flaald father of Alan, or even to find, in England, any mention of his name.

No less an authority on feudal genealogy than the late Mr Eyton devoted himself to a special investigation on the subject of Alan "Fitz Flaald,"1 and arrived at the conclusion that, after all, he was a grandson of "Banquo, thane of Lochaber,", whose son "Fleance" fled to England. "My belief is," Mr Eyton wrote, "that the son of Fleance was named Alan ... and that he whom the English called Alan Fitz Flaald was the person in question."2 He admitted, however, of the priories of Andover, Sele, and Sporle, cells of the Abbey of St. Florent de Saumur, that he could "show a connection between Alan Fitz Flaald or his descendants and each of these cells3, which suggested an Angevin origin, and for which he could not account. But where he really advanced our knowledge was in showing that Alan Fitz Flaald married, not (as alleged) a daughter of Warine the sheriff, but Aveline daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin, a great Domesday tenant. I have now been able to trace Ernulf to Hesdin (in Picardy) itself, in connection with which his daughter 'Ava' also is mentioned.4 In 1874, an anonymous

1 History of Shropshire (1858), VII. 211-232. 2 Ibid, p. 227. It is essential to bear in mind that the old Scottish writers made Walter, the first Steward, a son of 'Fleance', wholly ignoring Alan his real father (see p. 119 below). This invalidates their whole story. 3 Ibid, p. 219. 4 See Preface to my Calendar, p. xlvii.

work, The Norman People, approached the problem from the foreign side, and adduced evidence to prove that Flaald was a brother of Alan, seneschal of Dol. But there was still not forthcoming any mention of Flaald in England, while the rashness and inaccuracy which marred that book resulted in his being wrongly pronounced a "son of Guienoc." The great pedigree specially prepared a few years ago for the Stuart exhibition by Mr W. A. Lindsay (now Windsor Herald) still began only with Alan son of Flaald, to whom a daughter of Warine the sheriff was assigned as wife. Moreover, in the handsome work on The Royal House of Stuart (1890), which had its origin in that exhibition, Dr. Skelton could only tell us that "there was (if the conclusions of Chalmers are to be accepted) an Alan son of Flathauld, a Norman knight, who soon after the Conquest obtained a gift of broad lands in Shropshire" (p. 5). Alan, we shall find, was not a Norman; the lands he was given were widely scattered; and he did not obtain them "soon after the Conquest."

The latest authoritative statement on the subject is that, it would seem, of Sheriff Mackay in the Dictionary of National Biography (1896).1 He tells us, of the House of Stewart, that

1 This passage is found in the biography of the first Stewart king, so that I only lighted upon it after this paper was written. It gave me the clue to Mr. Hewison's book, of which I had not previously heard, but which I have now read just in time to add his results to this paper (24th Jan., 1900).

Its earlier genealogy is uncertain, but an ingenious and learned, though admittedly in part hypothetical, attempt to trace it to the Banquho of Boece and Shakespeare, Thane of Lochaber, has been recently made by the Rev. J. K. Hewison (Bute in the Olden Time [Vol. II] pp. 1-38, Edinburgh, 1895).1

Mr Hewison's volume opens with the words:-

The origin of the royal house of Stewart has long remained a mystery, perplexing historical students, who feel tantalized at knowing so little concerning the hapless victim of the jealousy of King Macbeth - Banquo, round whom Shakespeare cast the glamour of undying romance, and to whom the old chroniclers of Scotland traced back the family of Stewart.

The author's 'glamour' augurs ill, and in spite of the unique advantage he enjoyed in having access to the late Lord Crawford's MS. collections on the subject, we soon find ourselves wandering, alas, with Alice in Wonderland.

It may be concluded that Walter, the son of Fleadan, son of Banchu, is identical with Walter, son of [A]llan (or Flan), son of Murechach of the Lennox family, if not also with Walter, son of Amloib, son of Duncan of the other genealogy. Chronology easily permits of the equation of Murdoch, the Maormor of Leven ... with Banchu ... who might have survived even his son Fleance -- we, meantime, only assuming that Fleance was slain in Cymru. Ban-chu, the pale warrior, would be his complimentary title; the old surname of his family ... also descended to his son, Flan-chu, the red or ruddy warrior, known to his Irish kinsmen as Fleadan.

We are surely coming to the Man-chu dynasty. But no.

This Irish form of the name Fleadan tan (i.e. either Fleadan the Tanist or Fleadan the younger) imports a significant idea -

1 Vol. XLVIII, p. 344.

namely, flead ... a feast, which corresponds in signification with Flaald ...

Then there bursts upon us yet another discovery:-

Fleanchus ... is the Latinised form of Flann-chu, the Red or Ruddy Dog ... and is also a sobriquet - the Bloodhound. ... This nomenclature is evidently a reminiscence of the dog-totem or dog-divinity, etc., etc.

There remains, however, the standing puzzle1 why Walter the first Stewart was made by the old romancers a son of Fleance son of Banquo, though his father was indisputably Alan son of Flaald. One solution offered by our author is that "Ailin or Allan may have become the family name"; but his own view is that

The native name of Banquo's son would be the common Goidelic one Flann, which signifies rosy or fair, and has an equivalent in Aluinn, beautiful, fair, to which the word Alan, both in Britanny and Ireland, may be traced.

Thus it was that 'Flann' would become 'Alan' in Britanny, "more especially when, in the vulgar tongue of Dol, the former, denoting a pancake, would sound like a nickname." And if we should still have our doubts, is there not, at Dol, to this day -

an imposing edifice, built of granite, in the purest Norman style of architecture of the twelfth century, which tradition names 'La maison des Plaids,' and avers was the revenue office and court-house of the archbishops. this name, "the House of the

1 See p. 116, note 2, above. It will be seen that to assert, as here, that Alan and 'Fleance' were the same will not overcome this difficulty.

Plaids," is touchingly significant of Fleance with the royal wearers of the tartan ...

But I really cannot pursue further these "ingenious and learned" new lichts. A dreadful vision of dog-totems, arrayed in the Stewart tartan, and feasting, with fiery visage, on pancakes in the streets of Dol, warns me to leave this realm of wonders and turn to the world in which we live. From "the House of the Plaids" I flee.1

Fortunately Flaald is a name, for practical purposes, unique; and we need not, therefore, hesitate to recognize in "Float filius Alani dapiferi" who was present (No. 1136) at the dedication of Monmouth Priory (1101 or 1102) the long-sought missing link. We thus connect him with the fourth, the remaining cell of St. Florent de Saumur in England. But we have yet to account for his appearance as a 'baron' of the lord of Monmouth, William son of Baderon. The best authority on Domesday tenants, Mr. A. S. Ellis confessed that he had failed to trace the lords of Monmouth in Britanny.2 The key, however, to the whole connection is found in the abbey of St. Florent de Saumur and in its charters calendared in my work. In the latter half of the eleventh century many Bretons of noble birth were led to

1 It is positively the fact that the author so renders the name of the 'Maison des Plaids' where the (Arch)bishops are supposed to have held their pleas ("plaids"). 2 Domesday Tenants of Gloucestershire, p. 46.

take the cowl. Among them was William, eldest son of that Rhiwallon, lord of Dol, whom, on the eve of the Norman Conquest, Duke William and Harold of England had relieved when he was besieged by his lord. Rhiwallon's son William, who was followed by his brother John (No. 1116), entered the abbey of St. Florent de Saumur, and became its abbot himself in 1070. Zealous in the cause of the house he ruled, he clearly urged its claims at Dol, receiving not only local gifts, but also, as its chronicle mentions, the endowments it obtained in England. Of the two families with which we are concerned the lords of Monmouth can, by these charters, be traced to the neighbourhood of Dol, for William son of Baderon confirms his father's gifts at Epiniac and La Boussac (No. 1134), which places lay together close to Dol. The presence among the witnesses to these charters of a Main or La Boussac and a Geoffrey of Epiniac affords confirmation of the fact. Guihenoc, the founder of the house in England (probably identical with "Wihenocus filius Caradoc de Labocac"),1 undoubtedly became a monk of St. Florent,2 and resigned his English fief to his nephew William (son of his brother Baderon), who is found holding it in Domesday.

Some charters were specially selected by me from the Liber Albus of St. Florent (Nos. 1152-4) to illustrate, about the end of the Conqueror's reign,

1 Lobineau, Histoire de Bretagne, II, 219. 2 Calendar, Nos. 1117, 1133.

the little group of Dol families who were about to settle in England.1 Among the witnesses to one of them are Baderon and his son the Domesday tenant. But the one family we have specially to trace is that which held the office of "Dapifer" at Dol. "Alan Dapifer" is found as a witness, in 1086, to a charter relating to Mezuoit2 (a cell of St. Florent, near Dol). He also, as "Alanus Siniscallus," witnessed the foundation charters of that house (ante 1080) and himself gave it rights at Mezuoit with the consent of "Fledaldus frater ejus," the monks, in return, admitting his brother Rhiwallon to their fraternity.3 He appears as a witness with the above "Badero" in No. 1152, and in 1086 as a surety with Ralf de Fougères (No. 1154). Mentioned in other St. Florent documents,4 he is styled in one, "Dapifer de Dolo"5. And it is as "Alanus dapifer Dolensis" that he took part in the first crusade, 10976. This style is explained in a charter of 1095, recording a gift to Marmoutier by Hamo son of Main, with consent of his lord "Rivallonius dominus Doli castri, filius Johannis archiepiscopi", in which we read:-

1 It would, no doubt, be a rash conjecture that the "Herveus botellarius" of these charters (Nos. 1153, 1154) was the ancestor of those Herveys, from whom the Butlers of Ireland are descended. But if it should eventually prove to be no mere coincidence, the Butlership of Ireland would have had an origin curiously parallel to the Stewardship of Scotland.

2 Lobineau, p. 250. 3 Ibid, 137, 138, collated by me with the Liber Albus at Angers. 4 Ibid 232, 234. 5 Ibid 310. 6 Ordericus Vitalis (Société de l'histoire de France), vol. III. 507.

Hoc donum factum est per manum Guarini monachi nostri de Lauda Rigaldi tunc temporis prioris Combornii, testibus his: Alano siniscalco Rivallonii predicti, etc.1

His brother's son, Alan fitz Flaald (ancestor, as has been seen, of the Stuarts) also occurs, in these Breton documents, as releasing his rights in the church of "Guguen"2 to Bartholomew abbot of Marmoutier;3 while two charters of Henry I confirming the foundation of Holy Trinity Priory, York, as a cell of Marmoutier, and prior to 1108, contain his name as a witness (No. 1225). Again, a charter of donation to Andover Priory reveals him as present in the New Forest with William son of Baderon and "Wihenocus monachus" (William's uncle) early in the reign of Henry I4. It was Alan also who founded Sporle Priory, Norfolk (No. 1149), on land he held there, as another cell of St. Florent, the Bretons who witness his charter further attesting his origin. Among them is seen Rhiwallon "Extraneus," the founder of the Norfolk family of Le Strange, which, more than five centuries later, was so ardent in its loyalty to Alan's descendants, the Stuart kings of England.5

It will have been observed that "Float filius Alani dapiferi" is assumed above to have been the

1 Transcripts from (Bretagne) cartulary of Marmoutier in MS. Baluze 77, fo. 134, and in MS. lat. 5441 (3) fo. 343. Alan is also brought into conjunction with this Hamo son of Main in No. 1152. 2 Cuguen, near Dol. 3 Lobineau, II. 310; MS. lat. 5441 (3) fo. 235. 4 Mon. Ang. VI. 993. 5 His name has hitherto remained doubtful, and is given as Roland in the Dictionary of National Biography.

brother, not a son, of the crusader. This assumption is based upon the facts that the crusader's gift at Mezuoit was 'conceded' by his brother 'Fledald,' who was, therefore, his heir at the time, and that his office of "dapifer" at Dol was afterwards held -- a fact hitherto unsuspected -- by descendants of Alan fitz Flaald. The crusader, it must therefore be inferred, left no heir.

The sudden rise of Alan fitz Flaald and his evident enjoyment of Henry's favour from the early years of the reign, were thought by Mr. Eyton to be due to his (fabulous) Scottish origin. But it might, with some probability, be suggested that his Breton origin accounts for the facts. When Henry was besieged in Mont St. Michel, he is known to have had Breton followers ("aggregatis Britonibus") and, after his surrender, "per Britanniam transiit, Britonibus qui sibi solummodo adminiculum contulerant, gratias reddidit" (Ordericus)1. Dol was his nearest town in Britanny, and Alan may thus, like Richard de Réviers, have served him across the sea, when he was but a younger son.

It would seem, indeed, although the fact has been hitherto overlooked, that a group of families whom Henry had known when lord of the Côtentin were endowed by him when king with fiefs in England. In addition to Alan fitz Flaald, founder of the house of Stewart, and to Richard de

1 Elsewhere, Orderic observes that Henry, "dum esset junior ... ut externus, exterorum, id est Francorum et Britonum auxilia quaerere coactus est."

Réviers, ancestor of the earls of Devon1, the Hayes of Haye-du-Puits were given the Honour of Halnaker (Sussex), the Aubignys, afterwards earls of Arundel, obtained from him a fief in Norfolk; the two St. John brothers, from St. Jean-le-Thomas, were granted lands in Oxfordshire and Sussex, and founded another famous house2; while the family of Paynel also, sprung from the Côtentin, owed to Henry lands in England.

Among the documents calendered in my volume are Papal bulls to the abbey of St. Florent, ranging from 1146 to 1187 (Nos. 1124-9), which suggest that Alan's son William, who acquired by marriage Clun castle, must have bestowed its church of St. George, with all its dependent churches, on Monmouth Priory, a fact hitherto unsuspected. Mr Eyton thought that the gift of this church to Wenlock Priory by his widow (temp. Ric. I) represents the first occasion on which it is mentioned.

Alan fitz Flaald has hitherto been credited with two well-known sons, William and Walter, ancestors respectively of the Fitzalans and the Stewarts3

1 He is found, seemingly, in Domesday, holding a single lordship. 2 See my paper on "The Families of St. John and of Port" in Genealogist, July 1899, p. 1. And compare p. 66 above. 3 A third son, "Simon", is claimed as the ancestor of the Boyds, and is assigned to him, with William and Walter, in Mr. Lindsay's great Stewart pedigree, the standard authority on the subject. But although a Simon 'brother' of Walter occurs as a witness in the Paisley cartulary, his name is very low on the list, and he may have been only a uterine or even a bastard brother. The Empress Maud's bastard brothers are styled her 'brothers' in her charters, nor was this unusual.

He had, however, another son, who needs to be specially dealt with. This was Jordan, his heir in Britanny, and, apparently, at Burton in England. Mr. Eyton knew of his existence, but could state little about him. In No. 1220 we find him, as a "valiant and illustrious man," making restitution to Marmoutier in 1130, with his wife Mary and his sons Jordan and Alan. In the same year we detect him entered on the English Pipe Roll in several places, though one of the entries suggests his Breton connection1. He may safely be identified with that "Jordanus dapifer" who witnessed a charter to Mont St. Michel in 1128-9 (No. 722); and consequently he held the family office. We find him also in a St. Florent charter,2 and in one of Marmoutier3. Of his sons, Jordan restored to the priory of St. Florent at Sele the mill at Burton given it by Alan fitz Flaald4, but was, probably, soon succeeded by his brother Alan, who confirmed to a priory of Marmoutier (No. 1221) another gift of his grandfather, Alan fitz Flaald, at Burton, mentioning his wife Joan and his son Jordan5. This

1 Rot. Pip. 31 Hen. I., p. 11. 2 Lobineau, II. 232. 3 Ibid 146. 4 "Jordanus filius Jordani filius Alani hominibus suis de Burt[ona]. Sciatis me reddidisse monachis S. Florentii de Salmur molendinum de Burt[ona] sicut habuerunt tempore Alani filii Flealdi et tempore Jordani patris mei" (original charter at Magdalen College). 5 It was either this Jordan or his grandfather who, as "Jordanus filius Alani siniscalli," confirmed a gift to Combourg (MS. lat. 5441 [3] 437).

Alan, who meets us also, as his father's son, in a Savigny charter (No. 824), is identical with that "Alanum filium quondam Jordani Dolensem senescallum," who confirmed the grant of his grandfather Alan (fitz Flaald) at Cuguen, and himself added the church of Tronquet1 about 11602. We have further in No. 1013 the confirmation by Alexander III of his gifts to the abbey of Tiron, including the church of Sharrington and three others in England. He attested a charter of the lord of Dol in 11453 and, in or about 1165, a royal charter at Winchester concerning a release by his fellow-countryman Geoffrey son of Oliver de Dinan4. He also leads the list of witnesses in a dispute about the abbey of Vieuville (in the parish of Epiniac) in 1167, as "Alanus filius Jordani dapifer."5. His wife Joan and daughter Olive were benefactors to the abbey of Vieuville for his soul.6

With this clue we return to England, and detect the heiress of the Stewards of Dol in that Olive, daughter of Alan "filius Jordani," who in 1227 was impleaded by one of her Breton tenants, -- his father Iwan had been enfeoffed by her own father Alan, -- at Sharrington, Norfolk. The record of

1 MS. lat. 12,878, fo. 248d., and Lobineau, II. 310. 2 The gift is wrongly assigned in Gallia Christiana (XIV.1074) to 1133-1147, as being made before Hugh archbishop of Tours. The prelate was Hugh "archbishop" of Dol, whose date was 1155-1161 (Ibid. 1050). 3 Lobineau, II. 147. 4 Mon. Ang., VI. 486. 5 Lobineau, II. 308; MS. lat. 5476, fol. 98d. 6 "Johanna uxor Alani dapiferi de Dolo et filia ipsius Oliva." Lobineau, II. 310; MS. lat. 5476, fo. 91.

the suit gives us the name of Alan's mother, Mary, mentioned as we have seen, in No. 1220.1 In the middle, therefore, of the 12th century, this family flourished simultaneously in Scotland, England, and Britanny.

A short pedigree (see page 129) will make the descent clear.

[For some further details of Jordan's family, see Round's Addendum ]

A chronological difficulty is created by Mr. Eyton's statement that Alan fitz Flaald was "dead ante 1114", for his son (it will be seen) the Steward of Scotland lived till 1177. It is desirable, therefore, to examine his authority for this date. Dugdale was acquainted with a confirmation by Sybil, lady of Wolston (Warwickshire), of a gift by her mother Adeliza to Burton Abbey of land in Wolston. In his History of Warwickshire (p. 33) he held that she was probably a daughter of Alan fitz Flaald, because Alan was "enfeoft of this Lordship" before her. Mr. Eyton accepted Dugdale's conclusion, and therefore identified her mother 'Adeliza' as that 'Avelina' de Hesdin, whom he had so skilfully shown to be the wife of Alan. Further, as the land ex hypothesi belonged to Alan himself, and yet was given by her, she must, he held, have been a widow at the time of the gift; and as the abbey was already in possession at least as early as 1114. Alan, he concluded, must have been dead before that date.2 These conclusions

1 Bracton's Note-book, III. 620. Compare 'Feet of Fines' (Pipe Roll Society), II. 160. 2 History of Shropshire, VII, 221-223,228.

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Alain-fitz-Flaald-Seneschal-of-Dol/6000000008927688420

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTX-FHH

https://gw.geneanet.org/bhohl?lang=en&pz=christopher+karl&nz=hohl&p=alan+fleance+fitz+flaald+seneschal&n=stewart

https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I1952&tree=CC

https://gw.geneanet.org/peter781?lang=en&iz=174&p=alan&n=fitzalan&oc=1

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119017811/alan-senecal_dol

https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-roldan-hamilton/P2708.php

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dol-4

Spouse:

https://www.myheritage.com/names/tittensor_mackenneth

____________________________________________________________________

[unproven]

Grandy's 28x Great-Grandfather:

My 30x Great-Grandfather:

Laila Laemmel-Gordon's 31x Great-Grandfather:

Flaald, seneschal of Dol (1005 - 1064)

Flaald, Hereditary Steward of Dol

Also known as: "Flaad Banquo Dol 1st Hereditary Seneschal Flitzflaad DeDinan"

Family

Spouse:

Constance, de Dol

1005-1090

References:

https://www.geni.com/people/Flaald-seneschal-of-Dol/6000000015749926057

https://gw.geneanet.org/bhohl?lang=en&pz=christopher+karl&nz=hohl&p=fratmaldus+dapifer&n=stewart

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCRR-2S7

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dol-4

https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-roldan-hamilton/P2896.php

________________________________________________________________________________

House of FitzAlan, Lords of Oswestry and Clun, Ancient Arms

Coat of Arms of The Monarchy of Scotland

The story of the Royal House of Stewart is the story of Scotland from the 12th century, and starts with Alan, Seneschal of Dol in Brittany. His nephew became Sheriff of Shropshire in England and his third son, Walter Fitz Alan, accompanied David I to Scotland in 1124 and was appointed High Steward.

The office of High Steward was confirmed as an Hereditary Office by Malcolm IV in 1153 and Walter's grandson, also Walter, was the first to adopt the title 'Steward' as a surname. Walter, 6th High Steward, married Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert the Bruce. When Bruce's son, David II, died childless in 1371, he was succeeded by his nephew, Robert Stewart, who reigned as Robert II.

The Stewarts in Scotland are essentially a Lowland Family with Highland and Island offshoots, and it was Robert II who consolidated the achievements of his Royal grandfather, Robert the Bruce. The Stewarts were also a remarkably prolific family and spawned innumerable offspring, legitimate and otherwise. Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl (d.1298) for example, had seven sons, among them Alexander, Earl of Angus, Alan, Earl of Lennox, Walter, ancestor of the earls of Galloway, and James, ancestor of the earls of Buchan and Traquair, as well as the Lords of Lorne and Innermeath. Since the demise of the Lennox Branch, the earls of Galloway have been regarded as the senior representatives of the ancient line of the High Stewards of Scotland.

Alexander Stewart (c.1342-1406), fourth son of Robert II, was created Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan and because of his turbulent nature was known as 'The Wolfe of Badenoch.' He fathered many natural children, and the Stewarts of Atholl largely descend from his son James Stewart, who married the daughter and heiress of Menzies of Fortingall and, towards the end of the 14th century, built the Castle of Garth, near Aberfeldy.

In 1437, the widow of James I married as her second husband Sir James Stewart of Lorne, known as 'The Black Knight of Lorne.' Their sons were Sir John Stewart of Balveny and Andrew, Bishop of Moray. In 1457, Sir John, who was half-brother of James II, was granted the earldom of Atholl. He later led the Royal army which suppressed the rebellion of John, 4th MacDonald Lord of the Isles. The 5th Earl of Atholl had only a daughter who married the 2nd Earl of Tullibardine, so that when her father died, the earldom and its estates passed to the Murray Clan. Large numbers of the name of Stewart nevertheless remained on the Atholl lands.

The Stuarts of Bute are descended from John Stewart, a natural son of Robert II, who was granted the lands of Bute, Arran and Cumbrae by his father. He was known as the 'Black Stewart,' to distinguish him from his brother, John of Dundonald, who became known as the 'Red Stewart.'

The grant of lands on Bute was confirmed in 1400 by a Charter from Robert III, along with his becoming Hereditary Sheriff of Bute. Following the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, the family adopted the alternative spelling. Sir James Stuart of Bute became a Baronet of Nova Scotia in 1627. He supported Charles I, who appointed him Royal Lieutenant of the West of Scotland, but following the King's execution, fled to Ireland. His estates were confiscated and he was forced to pay a substantial sum of money to have them returned to his family.

The Stuarts of Bute supported William of Orange and Queen Mary, and in the reign of Queen Anne, Sir James' grandson, another Sir James, was one of the Commissioners for the negotiation of the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England. In 1703, he was created Earl of Bute.

During the 1715 Jacobite Uprising, the Stuarts of Bute supported the Government. John, 3rd Earl of Bute was a close friend of George III and was appointed First Lord of the Treasury. In 1763, he concluded the Treaty with France which brought the Seven Years' War to an end. John, 4th Earl of Bute was created Marquess of Bute in 1796.

The majority of the Stewart monarchs came to violent ends. James I was murdered at Perth in 1437. James II was killed by a bursting canon at the Siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460. James III died as he fled from the battlefield at Sauchieburn in 1488. James IV, who had married Princess Margaret Tudor, sister of Henry VIII of England, was killed fighting against his brother-in-law's army at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. James V, who had married the French princess Mary de Guise, died three weeks after being routed at the Battle of Solway Moss in 1542.

Mary, James V's only natural child, married the Dauphin of France in 1558. He became King of France in 1559, but died in the following year. When the Catholic Mary returned to Scotland at the age of seventeen, it was to an unsettled country already immersed in the birth pains of the Reformation.

Advised to begin with by her half-brother, whom she created Earl of Moray in 1561, she was well received until her marriage to her cousin, Lord Darnley, eldest son of the Earl of Lennox. Through Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, Lord Darnley was a great-great grandson of Henry VII of England, and his marriage with Mary ensured that their son, James VI of Scotland, also became eligible to inherit the throne of England.

Lord Darnley was murdered in 1567, and the Queen's subsequent marriage to the Earl of Bothwell led to her downfall and flight to England where she was held prisoner at the Castle of Fotheringay. In 1567, she was executed, accused of plotting against her cousin Elizabeth I of England.

Mary's son. James VI, proved a competent ruler of Scotland and inherited the throne of England in 1603, moving his Court to London. He died in 1625 and was succeeded by his son, Charles I, whose confrontation with Parliament led to his execution and the Commonwealth headed up by Oliver Cromwell. The majority of Scots, however, remained loyal to the Stewarts (or Stuarts, as the name was spelled following Mary, Queen of Scots becoming Queen of France), and Charles II was crowned King of Scots at Scone in 1651. He was restored to the British throne in 1660.

Religion, alas, was the great divide in 17th century British politics, and when Charles II's brother, James VII and II embraced the Catholic faith, he was supplanted on the throne by his daughter Mary and her husband, the Protestant William of Orange. William and Mary had no heir, and Mary's sister Queen Anne also died childless. The Throne of Britain was then offered to a great-grandson of James VI and I, the Protestant George of Hanover, who, through his Scottish Stewart descent, became King of England and Scotland in 1714.

In 1673, James VI and II had married Mary of Modena, a Catholic princess, and their son, James Francis, was thought by many to be the rightful heir to the British throne. This therefore led to the launch of the Jacobite Cause and the unsuccessful Scottish Highland Uprisings of 1715 in favour of James VII and II's son, the de jure James VIII and III, and in support of his grandson, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, in 1745.

Sir John Stewart of Darnley (c.1365-1429) commanded Scots in the French Service and defeated the English at the Battle of Baugé in 1421. He was created Comte d'Evreux and Seigneur d'Aubigny. Alan Stewart (d.c.1587) was Commendator of Crossraguel Abbey in Ayrshire. In 1570, he was roasted before the fire in Dunure Castle by the Earl of Cassilis who was determined to make him sign a Charter to make over the Abbey lands to him. Walter Stewart (d.1617) was the son of Sir John Stewart of Minto and became a Lord of Session taking the name Lord Blantyre. Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713) was Lord Advocate between 1692 and 1709, then 1711 to 1713. Archibald Stewart (1697-1780) was Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1744 to 1746. For his weakness in not resisting the Jacobite occupation of the City in 1745, he was tried for treason but found not guilty. Dugald Stewart (1753-1828) became Professor of Mathematics at Edinburgh University, becoming Professor of Moral Philosophy in 1785.

Frances Theresa, ' La Belle Stuart,' (1647-1702) was the granddaughter of the 1st Lord Blantyre. A favourite of Charles II, she married the Duke of Richmond and bought Lethington House, near Haddington, which she re-named Lennoxlove. John Stuart (1743-1821) completed the translation of the Old Testament into Gaelic. David Stewart of Garth (1772-1829) served with Black Watch and in 1825 became Governor of St Lucia. He wrote Sketches of the Character, Manners and Present State of the Highlanders of Scotland (1882). Sir Charles Stuart (1779-1845) was Scottish Ambassador to Paris from 1815 to 1830, then St Petersburg from 1841-1845. John Stuart (1813-77), an Aberdeen Advocate, wrote 'The Sculptured Stones of Scotland, The Book of the Deer, and A Lost Chapter in the History of Mary Queen of Scots. Sir Alexander Stuart (1825-86) emigrated from Edinburgh to New South Wales and became Premier there in 1883.

Surname distribution in Scotland: The Stewart name is common throughout the whole of Scotland, with the highest numbers occurring in Highland (an amalgamation of the historic counties of Caithness, Inverness-shire, Nairnshire, Ross and Cromarty, Sutherland and small areas of Argyllshire and Morayshire), Perth and Kinross, Dundee City and Angus (Forfarshire).

Stewart Name Meaning

Scotland's history is inextricably linked to that of the Royal Clan, the Clan Stewart. The surname Stewart was an occupational name for a steward, the official in charge of a noble household and its treasury. It derives from the Old English word "stigweard," a compound of "stig," or "household," and "weard," or "guardian." As every great house, Earl and Bishop in medieval England and Scotland had its stewards, this office has given rise to many lines of this hereditary surname.

Early Origins of the Stewart Family

The surname Stewart was first found in Scotland, where records of Stewart as a surname, and not just an occupation began to be found from the 13th century. The ancestors of the famed Royal Stewart line of Scotland descend from a family Breton nobles named Flaald, the name is therefore of Anglo-Norman extraction. The name arrived in Britain with Alan, a knight who settled in Oswestry in Shropshire.

Stewart Spelling Variations

Spelling variations of this family name include: Stewart, Steward, Stuart, Stillbhard (Gaelic) and others.

Early Notables of the Stewart Family (pre 1700)

The Stewart (Royal) DNA Project has been designed to cater for men who descend, or believe they descend, from the ancient Scottish family known colloquially as the Royal Stewarts. This family started out in Scotland when the first of the line, Walter Fitz Alan (1110-1177) was appointed High Steward of Scotland under King David I. His descendants became Hereditary High Stewards of Scotland, and the 4th High Steward, Alexander Stewart (1214-1283) was the first to use Stewart as his surname.

The two most important branches of the family are the Scottish Royal Stewarts, represented by descendants of King Robert II of Scotland (grandson of Alexander Stewart) via Alexander's eldest son Sir James Stewart; and the Stewarts of Lennox, with some Scottish descendant lines plus the English Royal Stuarts, who descend from Alexander Stewart's younger son, Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl.

The House of Stuart, originally Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family scion Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150). The name Stewart and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson Walter Stewart. The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II, whose descendants were kings and queens of Scots from 1371 until the union with England in 1707. Mary, Queen of Scots was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name Stuart.

In 1503, James IV married Margaret Tudor, thus linking the royal houses of Scotland and England. Elizabeth I of England died without issue in 1603, and James IV's great-grandson (and Mary's only son) James VI of Scotland succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I in the Union of the Crowns. The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714, except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660.

In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603, the last of which was James VI, before his accession in England. Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife Anne Hyde and the great-grandchildren of James VI and I. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who was to be brought up as a Roman Catholic; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. However, neither daughter had any children who survived to adulthood, so the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714 under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704.

After the loss of the throne, the descendants of James VII and II came to be known as the Jacobites and continued for several generations to attempt to reclaim the English (and later British) throne as the rightful heirs, though since the early 19th century there have been no more active claimants from the Stuart family. The current Jacobite heir to the claims of the historical Stuart monarchs is Franz, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. The senior living member of the royal Stewart family, descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland, is Arthur Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart.

Stewart Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

Austin Stewart, who settled in Boston Massachusetts in 1651

Austin Stewart in Boston in 1651

Charles Stewart, a Royalist soldier captured at Worcester, sent to Boston aboard the "John and Sara" in 1652

Austin Stewart, who landed in America in 1652

Cha Stewart, who landed in America in 1652

References:

House of FitzAlan: Coat of Arms

http://wappenwiki.org/index.php/House_of_FitzAlan

Armorial of the House of Stuart

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Armorial_of_the_House_of_Stuart

Lord High Steward of Scotland

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Lord_High_Steward_of_Scotland