It is very important to check the class rules at the beginning of the school year and to have a look at all the pieces of advice given by students in my blog (Pay attention to those students who have done your level)!!!

Enlace para descargar los audios: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/zf92p1eikf2ba8j9039im/APFufgj0VuHphTd119X2fDE?rlkey=ognaby3iys7fngc8hjujex3up&st=84mzjd9b&dl=0 

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:   1  2   3   &   Irregular verbs  1   2  

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE + just, already, yet:     1 extra 

Partitives - Expression of part of the whole

Percentages, some/a lot of, ten out of 50, a quarter, (a) half, three quarters, one third... and>>>

BOTH OF THEM, NEITHER OF THEM, ALL OF THEM, NONE OF THEM...  + neither...nor, both...and, either...or

Complete the sentences  with appropriate phrases.

1. ____________ Messi __________ Higuain play football, but ____________________ plays for the Spanish national team.

2. _________________________ the Spanish football players won the  UEFA Best Player in Europe Award even if ___________________ are World champions and they have won twice the European Championship in the latest years.

3. ____________ Nerea __________ Fausto will have to do the exercise on the blackboard.

4. The Callejón Bros. are ____________ footballers. _______________________ are from Motril, but _____________________________ will ever play for FC Barcelona.

5. Albert has brought exams for ______________________ us, but ___________________ is happy with this surprise exam.

6. ________________ Lobres _______________ Molvízar is on the coast.

And now translate these sentences into English.

7. Tanto mi padre como mi madre fueron a la universidad. De hecho, ambos trabajan en la misma oficina, aunque a ninguno de los dos les gusta trabajar en Madrid.

8. Todos mis amigos salen los sábados por la noche porque ninguno de sus padres les dice nada.

9. Sin embargo, ni mi padre ni mi madre me dejan salir por la noche porque dicen que todas las calles son muy peligrosas cuando oscurece.

10. Entonces, si quieres venir a mi fiesta de cumpleaños, o bien te quedas a dormir en mi casa o bien vienen tus padres a recogerte.

Making a summary

Wr10.  MEDIATION. Making a summary. Write an email to a friend summarizing the article on page 60 in 120 words. 

Hi,

I read an article about life-changing apps yesterday which gave me a few ideas for our project. We learned about an app that Microsoft developed for children before they arrive in the hospital for their treatment to make them familiar with all the facilities by making an exact copy in Minecraft of the facilities. Some other companies have also developed apps to improve people's lives, such as an app for wheelchair users or a learning app to help children who need extra support . There are also apps to help blind and deaf people.

So let me know what you think about all this issue. We could also design an app to help people and make their lives easier.

Write back soon!

RELATIVE CLAUSES

For a start, let's analyse the relevant elements we have to bear in mind when dealing with the relative clauses:

The boy who came to the party studied with me at the elementary school.

Main clause: The boy studied with me at the elementary school.        Relative clause: who came to the party

Antecedent: The boy             Relative pronoun: who

Why do we use the relative clauses? We use them either to give essential information about the antecedent (Defining Relative Clauses) or just some extra information (Non-defining Relative Clauses).

Another important thing about relative clauses is the connection you have between the antecedent and the relative clause because that will affect the kind of relative pronoun you are going to need. It could be subject, object, there could be a connection of possession...

Defining Relative Clauses

This kind of relative clauses is essential to the understanding of the message, so you can never omit them. Therefore, the intonation is rising till the end of the relative clause.

- We use the relative pronoun WHO (or THAT) when the antecedent is a person and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

- We use the relative pronoun WHICH (or THAT) when the antecedent is an animal or a thing and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

You can omit the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the relative clause (The boy you saw at the party... //  The dog you saw in the street...) and pay attention to the interesting use and position of prepositions (El perro con el que ella jugaba...).

- WHOSE (connection of possession)  

That's the man whose wife is waiting for the bus. (His wife is waiting for the bus.)

- WHERE (Adverbial of place). It can be substituted by THAT/WHICH + preposition.        

We visited the church where you got married // the church that you got married at. (you got married there / in that church)

And now some exercises for you to do  >>>>>

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate RELATIVE PRONOUN (who, which, where) and then say which sentences can have the relative pronoun THAT

1. I went to see the doctor ................ had helped my sister.

2. That is the hospital .................... the doctor works.

3. The dog .................. bit me belonged to my neighbour.

4. The woman ...................... phoned wanted to talk to my mother.

5. My mother bought the dress in the shop ....................... we saw the red sweater.

6. He is the architect .......................... designed the new bridge over the River Thames.

7. A library is a place ........................ people can read books.

8. Books are things ........................... give you a lot of information about different topics.

Now define what 'a student'  is.

Insert the second sentences into the first ones by means of a WHOSE-relative clause.

1. The house is beautiful. Its windows are open.

2. He was wearing a cap. Its colour was electric green.

3. The woman is on the phone. Her name is Greek.

4. Look at the man. You met his son at the party.

5. Paris is the city. Its main monument is the Eiffel Tower.

More RELATIVE CLAUSES exercises to do:    WHO/WHICH/WHOSE   (2)

First Term reader 

• • Wr06:  MEDIATION. Suppose you’ve got a friend who is going to visit ENGLAND or Ireland. What places would you recommend him or what things would you suggest him to do? Write him/her an email using at least 3 extreme adjectives, 3 different suggestion structures and different FUTURE TENSES.

Hi, there!

Mary has just told me that you are going to spend some time in Ireland. Do you know I lived there some time ago? Let's have dinner one day and I'll tell you about my experience.

First of all, why don't you buy a tourist guide or watch some videos on YouTube. It's such a fascinating country with gorgeous landscapes and stunning cliffs on the west coast. If you ever travel to Ireland, you'll have to wear waterproof clothes as it often rains. Actually it rains every day.

Another possibility is to go on an organised trip. You will be visiting Dublin and Belfast, the capital cities of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. However, you won't visit places such as the little village Cong. So, shall we plan our own voyage to Ireland together? I'll create a shared document and we'll do some brainstorming and then decide what to do. 

Kind regards,

Albert 

 Wr07.  WRITING : Formal letter

C. Imagine you are going to write a formal letter to an English-language newspaper in your country about a global issue that you feel strongly about, and how we can help to make a difference. First, choose one of the issues in the box, or another issue.

animal rights climate change gender equality homelessness pollution    poverty  racism

   a   Think and plan

·         What problems are there in this area? (E.g. many animals are endangered; a lot of people are hungry, etc.)

·         What can people do to help make a difference? (E.g. post on social media, donate money / food, recycle, volunteer, etc.)

·         What are you doing? / What would you like to do?

   b   Write

Now write yourletter on the lines below. Write 150–180 words.

Make sure you:

·         put each main point in a new paragraph

·         include examples, with phrases like for instance, for example and such as to introduce them

·         avoid colloquial language and short verb forms

·         check your spelling and grammar

·         check that the letter includes all the information from your plan

Our plan:   Presenting the goal  >>   first steps  >>   actions to take (wishes and preferences)  >>  (more actions)  >>  our hopes asking newspaper to make its own contribution to our actions

To whom it may concern,  //  Dear Sir/Madam,

In our area very few people get the ESO level, or Bachillerato level or can study a university degree. For example, very good students find it difficult to study the degree they want and where they want. Therefore, we will be focusing on Goal 4: Quality Education (United Nations 17 goals). 

For a start, if teenagers and their families were conscious of the importance of having an outstanding level of education (so as to reach their individual goals), they would try to do things better . Teachers should be helpful and politicians should also play their role. They should not mess around with their educational policies and constant changes in them.

In order to have a good level of education I would like everybody to do their best. For instance, I wish there were not so many changes in our educational system in order to have a clear idea of what to do. I'd rather politicians came to an agreement on educational policies to have this stability. We'd rather be conscious of the importance of this issue.

How can we all help to make a difference? I also wish families and students involved more in the learning process and tried their best doing simple things, such as coming every day to class and having an active role in class. That's why we would leave the school gates open so as not to look like a prison.

I hope your newspaper supports the idea and makes an effort on this issue widespreading the challenge and providing readers with information about grants and other projects concerning our education.

Yours sincerely,

Albert Romero

This letter is over 250 words, so the highlighted parts can be deleted so as to have around 180 words.

Wr08. Mediation   "Act of kindness"

D. Imagine you have decided to do kind acts for 2025. Before starting, you are going to write a short post on social media about it in English. Using the information from the podcast on page 1, explain in your own words:

·         what the project ‘A Year of Kindness’ is about and why you want to do it

·         the benefits of this project

An act of kindness   by Leo Gómez (with my corrections)

Hello, guys!

How is it going?

Have you ever heard about/of an act of kindness? It's about when you do something good for other people without expecting anything/any rewards in return.

It is something great for you, it makes you and other people happy. Do you know what act of kindness you can do? You can help an elderly person with his shopping bags, or you can give some money to a poor person, or help your parents to do the household chores... and many more.

I wish you could join us and try to be as kind as possible during a month. What do you think?

Leo

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Hi, everybody!

Excellent news! We have decided in our class at school that we are going to organize a "month of kindness". What does that mean? It means that every single day during a month we are going to try to carry out an act of kindness. So, surely, everybody will much happier by the end of the month.

What can we do to be kind? Our acts of kindness don't have to be big things. One day, for instance, if our neighbour was too old, we could help our neighbour to take the rubbish out or do the gardening. Another day we can babysit our little cousin while the parents have a night out. Finally, we can also make higher plans, and decide to help two or three classmates with their homework. For example, I 'm going to help Pablo pass his 1º ESO exams by teaching him English two days a week instead of playing video games with him.

I wish you could join us and try to be as kind as possible during a month. What do you think?

Albert 

EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

Now write some other sentences using other words connected with QUANTITY and presented above.

Translate these sentences into English:

1. ¿Cuántos exámenes nos quedan antes de Semana Santa? Nos quedan unos pocos, al menos 2.

2. ¿Cuánto dinero te llevas a York? No me llevo mucho dinero, sólo unas pocas libras, pero es suficiente dinero para comprarm una sudadera.

3. Hay demasiadas cosas que hacer en mi lista.

4. ¿De verdad? Pero yo tengo tanto que estudiar.

5. Hay poco respeto hoy en las clases y demasiado ruido.

6. No nos queda suficiente comida para el fin de semana y él es demasiado vago para ir al supermercado ahora.

7. La gente hoy en día pide demasiada comida porque no cocinan lo bastante bien.

8. ¿Sí? Pero ellos ven demasiados programas de cocina en televisión.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES + SO / SUCH

• • WHAT is used in exclamatory sentences when it is followed by a NOUN or a NOUN PHRASE. It works exactly the same as SUCH.

Examples: What a (big) house he has bought!     >>>   He has bought such a (big) house.

                    What an (easy) exam we had at the Official Language School in Motril!   >>>  We had such an (easy) exam....

                    What (good) basketball players we have in Spain!    >>>   We have such (good) basketball players in Spain.

                    What (good) wine they make in Itrabo!    >>>  They make such (good) wine in Itrabo.

• • HOW is used in exclamatory sentences when it is followed by an ADJECTIVE or an ADVERB. It works exactly the same as SO.

Examples: How expensive it is the car you bought!    >>>  The car you bought is so expensive.

                    How carefully Fernando Alonso drives when it rains!    >>>>   Fernando Alonso drives so carefully when it rains.

• • Remember you can also use SO with NOUNS when talking about quantity. In that case you will need MUCH & MANY depending on the noun.

Examples: We have got so many books to read and so much homework to do this year.

Some sentences to translate into English:

1. ¡Qué bien canta mi primo!

2. ¡Qué canción tan bonita él canto en la fiesta!

3. ¡Qué ejercicio!

4. ¡Qué ejercicio tan fácil estamos haciendo!

5. ¡Qué frío hace en Ítrabo!

6. ¡Qué buen queso hacen en Holanda!

7. ¡Qué buenos futbolistas hay en Holanda!

Complete the exclamatory sentences and then fill in the gaps with SO & SUCH+articles if needed.

1. ___________ unreliable McLaren is! Yes, but Alonso drove ……….… carelessly that he crashed it.

2. __________ tasty ham they have in Trevelez! They have …………. good conditions there.

3. _____________ funny this film is! Well, the actors aren’t ………… funny.

4. _____________ fast Usain Bolt runs! He is ………… fast runner.       

Finally, have a look at this post in my blog Neither trekking nor just climbing... it is actually running in the Alps!!!!  , where you can find a link to a page where there are loads of exercises about this issue.

Do you want to revise the exclamatory  sentences, SO & SUCH?

 HERE you have got some exercises and the self-correction.

Activities on the PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS for my students.....

• in 2º ESO:  ACTIVITIES  

• in 3º ESO:  ACTIVITIES

D  Listening

  8      Watch the Welcome video. Choose the correct option.

1   How many units and projects are there?     A eight                                 B five

2   Where is the Project lesson?    A at the beginning of a unit    B at the end of a unit

3   Where can you make notes about your project?    

  A in the Student’s Book        B in the Reflections Log

4   How will you do most projects?     A in groups                          B in pairs

5   What language should you speak when you give your presentations?

  A your own language            B English

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the PRESENT SIMPLE or the PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

1. My parents (not work) __________________ on Sundays.

2. I (not meet) ___________________ my friends this evening.

3. (your best friend, live) _________________________ near you?

4. James (like) ____________________ dancing.

5. I (never, play) ___________________ tennis in winter.

Write sentences with the words below in the PRESENT SIMPLE or the PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Circle the key word(s) ).

1. Betty and Paul / not eat / lunch / at school / on Fridays / . _____________

2. you / walk / the dog / every day / ? _______________________________

3. the students / not do / a test / at the moment / . ____________________

4. Dave / write / an e-mail / now / . _____________________________

5. cakes / like / my grandmother’s / I / birthday ______________________

QUESTIONS. Subject & Object questions and others.

1. Complete the questions according to the answers in bold.

1. What  ____________________________ at parties? I usually wear a short dress.

2. Who _________________ you to school yesterday? My dad drove me to school yesterday.

3. Who ______________________ us? Bill and Adam are calling us.

4. Who _____________________ at the park? I met Liz and Rose at the park.

5. How often ______________________ your bike? I ride it every day.

6. What ____________________ that strange noise? Our dog made that strange voice.

2. Write subject or object questions with the words below. Use the correct tenses. Then answer the questions.

1. Who / ride / a horse / now ?

2. Who / eat / a lot of rice / in your family ?

3. What / fall / on the ground / yesterday ?

4. Where / Laura / go sailing / last week ?

5. Who / you / usually / do / your homework / with ?

3. Write questions according to the answers in bold.

1. _______________?  Emma flies to Paris every summer.

2. ______________ ?  Steve feeds his pets in the morning.

3. _______________ ? My baby sister cries every night.

4. _______________ ? The stormy weather changed our plans.

5. _______________ ? Al left work early because he didn't feel well.

6. _______________ ? I play the piano twice a day.

Answers to the listening exercise:  A  -  B  -   B  -  A  -  B

Agree with the following statements

So + Aux verb+ Subject       ///    Neither/Nor + Aux Verb + Subject

1. Arthur is listening to the radio. __________ his girlfriend.

2. I've got a new English teacher. ___________ we.

3. I must write 10 comments this term. ___________ Estrella.

4. I bought some mineral water. ____________ my mother.

5. I can't speak Chinese. _____________ Albert.

6. He is not from Motril. ______________ I.

7. I'm too young to have a job. _____________ my cousins.

8. They don't like travelling. _____________ you.

9. We haven't finished the Starter Unit. _________________ the students in 3º ESO B.

10. Nobody went to the party. _______________ I.

SHOW SURPRISE FIRST. THEN AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH THE STATEMENTS (Have a look at the examples first)

"I bought some mineral water"     YOU: "Did you? So did my mother." OR  "Did you? My mother didn't"

"I didn't buy any beer"    YOU: "Didn't you? Neither / Nor did my mother." OR  "Didn't you? My mother did."

1. "My brother is very tired."  YOU: "................? ________________ I".

2. "I always study before dinner."   YOU: ".................? ________ my sister."

3. "I've missed my bus to Motril"       YOU: "............? ________ my parents."

4. "I'm not very good at English."     Víctor: "...................? I __________"

5. "I can't speak German"    YOU: ".....................? _____________ we."

6. "I can't find any photos for my tourist brochure."  YOU: "..........................? My English teacher _________"

7.  "We are going to Edinburgh at the end of March."   YOU: "..................? _________________ Albert's students."

8. "She has got a new boyfriend."    YOU: "................? I _____________"

9. "I don't smoke Havana cigars."    YOU: ".............? __________ smurfs."

10. "I was born in Salobreña."       YOU: "..........? Albert ____________. I think he was born in Colone, Germany."     

1. "They live very happily without money"     YOU: "_________? __________________"

2. "We don't have a house."

3. "We move around a lot"

4. "We are living with a retired couple"

5. "They've got a big house"

6. "We do the gardening and the cleaning"

7. "We can stay at home for free"

8. "Most people don't know that a third of fresh food goes in the bin every day"

9. "We think that's criminal"

10. "We're never bored"

11. "We definitely don't need money to be happy"

SHOW SURPRISE & HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES

Example: 'My parents go out every Friday evening.'     'Do they? Mine don't. They just stay at home and watch TV'

1. Mi hermana limpia el polvo dos veces a la semana.

2. Los domingos por la mañana yo me encargo de la colada.

3. Por la noche mi padre se encarga de la cena y yo de fregar los platos.

4. Todos los viernes mi madre se encarga de la plancha.

Some other expressions to learn 

Giving an opinion

• I think....

• I reckon...

Agreeing

• I think so, too

• Yes, that's true

• I agree

• Yes, I suppose so

Disagreeing and doubting

• I don`t think so.

• Maybe, but....

• Perhaps you're right.

1.3 TRUE FRIENDS (page 12)

Mediation. Find the key words and write a sentence for each paragraph. Then write a paragraph to summarise the whole text.

Interacting with a friend was simpler in the past because we only had phones or face-to-face communication. Then technology changed everything with the appearance of smarter apps / when smarter apps appeared and we had the opportunity to make hundreds of friends thanks to social media. However, scientists in their researches discovered that there is a limit for the number of close friends we can have. Apart from that, there is also a negative aspect dealing with deep discussions which cannot be carried out and with online friends we miss the body language and facial expressions we use to express our emotions.

TOO vs ENOUGH

Enough to shows sufficiency. It has a positive meaning.

Verb pattern:
Subject + verb + adjective / adverb / noun + enough + to-infinitive

He is strong enough to lift that box.
The boy wasn’t clever enough to understand that.
We are not rich enough to buy a car.
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the thief.
Was he foolish enough to trust her?

Note that enough comes after the adjective or adverb it modifies.

She is old enough to be a grandmother. (NOT She is enough old to be a grandmother.)
He was kind enough to lend me a pound. (NOT He was enough kind to lend me a pound.)

Too…to

Too-to shows undesirable excess. It has a negative meaning.

Subject + verb + too + adjective / adverb + to-infinitive

It was too hot to go out. (= It was so hot that we / he / they didn’t go out.)
He was too tired to walk. (= He was so tired that he couldn’t walk.)
The coffee was too hot for me to drink. (= The coffee was so hot that I could not drink it.)
She has become too fat to wear her old jeans.
You have become too much of a nuisance to put up with.

Notes

Too does not mean very.

She is very beautiful. (NOT She is too beautiful.)
She is too fat. OR She is very fat.

In an informal style, however, too is often used instead of very.

You are too kind. (Less formal than ‘You are very kind’.)

TOO

too + adjective
  

This shirt is too expensive. It costs $30 and I have only $25.
  

too much + uncountable noun

I drank too much water; now I really need to go to the bathroom!

too many + countable noun
  

She put too many eggs into the cake. The recipe said 3 and she used 5.

verb + too much
  

He complains too much. He has such a negative attitude.
  

ENOUGH

enough + noun (countable or uncountable)
  

We don’t have enough people for a soccer team.We have 8 people and a team needs at leas 11.
  

adjective + enough
  

Sorry kid, you’re not old enough to buy alcohol. You’re 19 and the minimum age is 21.
  

verb + enough
  

I don’t exercise enough. I need to go to the gym more than once a month.
  

Activities on pages 18-19  PROJECT

What is a 'bubble chart' like? What other types of charts do you know? Click here to check.

Can you find a synonym for 'one piece of advice'?

What things can you 'update'?

-----------------------------------------------------

Find a mistake in the video

What do 'stand out' / 'frame a photo' / 'crop a photo' mean?

----------------------------------------------------

Rewrite the following sentence "Don't make the writing or pictures too small" , beginning:  "Make....."

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Define what a 'spokesperson' is  

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How is the school year going so far?

+  I'm happy with.....

-  I'm not happy with .... , so I want to improve ......... by ........

Travelling

Visit this post in my blog:  Going for a quick plunge?  (label: travelling   )   

REVISING THE FUTURE TENSES.....

2.4 Culture trip - Listening exercise page 27

It's getting dark     -      Crowds of people     -   street food (stalls)    -    live music    - beautiful coloured lanterns   -    I wonder if you can take me to the night market   

 a time for visiting family members (relatives)   -   get wet   -   buckets of water  - The Water Festival was such fun

rainforest on the island of Java    -    very close to the next place of interest on my tour    -   I'm a morning person, so I don't mind getting up early

I'm by the sea   -   to witness an amazing event    -   Some of the costumes are breath-taking   - an unforgettable experience

I know that all the wonderful sights and sounds from this trip will stay with me for a very long time

• • Wr04: MEDIATION. Write an email replying to Mr A Rashid (Eastern Odyssey Tour) answering to all his questions and doubts about the travel, Exercise 8 on page 27.

Email replying to Mr A Rashid's questions and doubts

From: Andrea

Subject: Eastern Odyssey Tour

Dear Mr A Rashid,

I hope you are well, too. I'm very pleased to hear that you are interested in our experience and I will try to provide you with all the information you request. 

Firstly, regarding the opening times of the night market, I can tell you that it is open every weekend, from Friday to Sunday, from 6 o'clock in the evening / 6 p.m. until midnight. Secondly, the Water Festival is a celebration for New Year, which consists of water fights in the streets with groups of children playing with buckets. This celebration is meant to visit your relatives. Thirdly, in response to the question about the best time of the day to visit the temple of Borobodour, I'd recommend you to go very early in the morning at the sunrise. Finally, at the Goroka Show I'm sure you will see men and women performing traditional songs and dances.

I hope that now you have all the information you needed and that you are ready to decide if you want to participate in this wonderful odyssey with us.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

X

2.5 Where's the best place to buy sneakers? page 28

Have a look at this post  If I were you, I'd...   and learn how to give advice

Activities on pages 18-19  PROJECT

What are the main things to check in your TOURIST BROCHURE?

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What do you think 'layout' means?

----------------------------------------------------

What are the roles in project work? Which 3 pieces of advice do they give you?

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Solutions: 

Identify the project tasks and roles (1.- Write a list of things to do   >>  research the topic, find the photos, design the layout, writing, getting your pens/glue/scissors   2.- Suggest people or volunteer    3.- Accept, collaborate or decline)

OUR FINAL PRODUCT: Tourist brochure of England / All about Ireland (our two compulsory readers for the first term)

• Things to include in your project:

• Examples of future tenses

• Examples of Real Conditionals

• Examples of polite offers and polite requests

• Extreme adjectives & adjective order

• Advice structures

MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Analyse different ways how to suggest first)

YOU: "I don't know what to do at Easter"    

ALBERT:     - "Why don't we go to Edinburgh?"

                           - "Let's go to Edinburgh"     "Let's not go to Edinburgh"

                            - "Shall we go to Edinburgh?"

                            - "How about going to Edinburgh?

                            - "What about going to Edinburgh?"

YOU:     "Great. I'd love to"      "That's a great idea!"    "Fantastic!"

                "I'm afraid I can't."      "I'm sorry, but I have to take care of my little sister."

                "All right, but you'll have to lend me some money."   "OK, but can you help me with my English homework?"    

1. YOU: "There is nothing on TV tonight."

2. YOU: "I am going on holiday to the north of Spain."

3. YOU: "I'm afraid I'm going to fail English."

4. Víctor: "10 kg of baggage is not enough for me."

5. YOU: "We would like to give a surprise birthday party for our History teacher."

6. YOU: "I don't know which kind of present we could give him."

7.  YOU: "We've still got 2 T-shirts and 3 sweaters left to sell. What can we do?"

8. YOU: "It's raining. We can't go out."

9. YOU: "I'm starving."

10. YOU: "The classroom is really untidy and messy. Albert is going to get really furious with us when he comes."      

EXPRESSING WISHES AND PREFERENCES

WISHES  >>>>   I wish my students studied every day.

                               If only my students studied every day.    

PREFERENCES  >>>>  I'd rather do my homework before going to school than go to my football                                                    practice.

                                            I'd rather not got to school without my homework done.

                                            I'd rather students worked every day.

                                            I'd prefer to do my homework before going to school.

wishing (regretting and complaining) exercise     

Interesting video to watch: English with Lucy

Exercises to do. Fill in the gaps with PREFER / 'D PREFER / 'D RATHER

My cousin __________ playing football to watching it on TV.

We _____________ to go on holiday to Greece rather than staying here in Salobreña.

I __________ buy a car which doesn't pollute much, but they are so expensive.

Children used to _______________ playing in the streets to stayin indoors.

We __________ keep everything tidy in case your parents come.

My parents __________ to travel with daylight than at night.

Write sentences with  'D RATHER for the situations given

You don't help much with the housework.   >>>  I ..........................

I don't like fizzy drinks.   >>>>  I...........................

She loves going shopping.    >>>   She ............. not ......................

They feel so uncomfortable sleeping in a tent.    >>>  They...........................than................

3.2 A greener world - Mediation exercise 6 page 34

I know that all the wonderful sights and sounds from this trip will stay with me for a very long tim

Listen to a podcast about YouTuber Mr Beast (Jimmy Donaldson). Then write a short message to an English-speaking friend explaining what 'Team trees'  is and why your friend should make a donation.

Hi, there!

Do you know about 'Team Trees'? / Do you happen to know about....? / Have you ever heard of....    It's about planting trees to recover the forests that we lost. Actually, it's an online campaign to plant 20 million trees. They are going to raise money with the donations people who watch Mr Beast's YouTube channel make. So, in my opinion, we should all get involved with this great idea and make a donation.

Best wishes,

Albert 

HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONALS

Activities for my students.....

in 3º ESO:  Conditional sentences:   EXERCISE   1   exercises   mixed    extra   

Links to check to revise conditionals: 

Georgie talking about CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: The FIRST / REAL conditional  (BBC Learning English) 

JOB APPLICATIONS: The SECOND / HYPOTHETICAL conditional  (BBC Learning English) 

What if you start working now instead of just biding your time?

I learned my lesson

If only my students followed my advice!!!

Help yourself

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals   

First Term reader 

• • Wr06:  MEDIATION. Suppose you’ve got a friend who is going to visit ENGLAND or Ireland. What places would you recommend him or what things would you suggest him to do? Write him/her an email using at least 3 extreme adjectives, 3 different suggestion structures and different FUTURE TENSES.

Hi, there!

Mary has just told me that you are going to spend some time in Ireland. Do you know I lived there some time ago? Let's have dinner one day and I'll tell you about my experience.

First of all, why don't you buy a tourist guide or watch some videos on YouTube. It's such a fascinating country with gorgeous landscapes and stunning cliffs on the west coast. If you ever travel to Ireland, you'll have to wear waterproof clothes as it often rains. Actually it rains every day.

Another possibility is to go on an organised trip. You will be visiting Dublin and Belfast, the capital cities of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. However, you won't visit places such as the little village Cong. So, shall we plan our own voyage to Ireland together? I'll create a shared document and we'll do some brainstorming and then decide what to do. 

Kind regards,

Albert 

Activity on the Reader "Close Shave"

You have read the book. Now you are going to watch the film. Take notes during the film of words and expressions that may be useful for you later.

You will have to write an email to Albert, your teacher, telling him:

• How difficult or how easy it was for you to find the book, and how you finally read it.

• Write a summary of the book in no more than 60 words of the plot and characters.

• Express your preferences, likes and dislikes about the reader proposed.

End the email wishing nice summer holidays.

You will be able to use your textbook and all the dictionaries and books available in the Language Department. Don't try to cheat by talking to your classmates or using any digital appliance.

TOO vs ENOUGH

Enough to shows sufficiency. It has a positive meaning.

Verb pattern:
Subject + verb + adjective / adverb / noun + enough + to-infinitive

He is strong enough to lift that box.
The boy wasn’t clever enough to understand that.
We are not rich enough to buy a car.
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the thief.
Was he foolish enough to trust her?

Note that enough comes after the adjective or adverb it modifies.

She is old enough to be a grandmother. (NOT She is enough old to be a grandmother.)
He was kind enough to lend me a pound. (NOT He was enough kind to lend me a pound.)

Too…to

Too-to shows undesirable excess. It has a negative meaning.

Subject + verb + too + adjective / adverb + to-infinitive

It was too hot to go out. (= It was so hot that we / he / they didn’t go out.)
He was too tired to walk. (= He was so tired that he couldn’t walk.)
The coffee was too hot for me to drink. (= The coffee was so hot that I could not drink it.)
She has become too fat to wear her old jeans.
You have become too much of a nuisance to put up with.

Notes

Too does not mean very.

She is very beautiful. (NOT She is too beautiful.)
She is too fat. OR She is very fat.

In an informal style, however, too is often used instead of very.

You are too kind. (Less formal than ‘You are very kind’.)

TOO

too + adjective
  

This shirt is too expensive. It costs $30 and I have only $25.
  

too much + uncountable noun

I drank too much water; now I really need to go to the bathroom!

too many + countable noun
  

She put too many eggs into the cake. The recipe said 3 and she used 5.

verb + too much
  

He complains too much. He has such a negative attitude.
  

ENOUGH

enough + noun (countable or uncountable)
  

We don’t have enough people for a soccer team.We have 8 people and a team needs at leas 11.
  

adjective + enough
  

Sorry kid, you’re not old enough to buy alcohol. You’re 19 and the minimum age is 21.
  

verb + enough
  

I don’t exercise enough. I need to go to the gym more than once a month.
  

Activities on the PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS for my students.....

• in 2º ESO:  ACTIVITIES  

• in 3º ESO:  ACTIVITIES

page 11. Listening exercise. In what ways is life different from yours?

1. "They live very happily without money"     YOU: "_________? __________________"

2. "We don't have a house."

3. "We move around a lot"

4. "We are living with a retired couple"

5. "They've got a big house"

6. "We do the gardening and the cleaning"

7. "We can stay at home for free"

8. "Most people don't know that a third of fresh food goes in the bin every day"

9. "We think that's criminal"

10. "We're never bored"

11. "We definitely don't need money to be happy"

SHOW SURPRISE FIRST. THEN AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH THE STATEMENTS (Have a look at the examples first)

"I bought some mineral water"     YOU: "Did you? So did my mother." OR  "Did you? My mother didn't"

"I didn't buy any beer"    YOU: "Didn't you? Neither / Nor did my mother." OR  "Didn't you? My mother did."

1. "My brother is very tired."  YOU: "................? ________________ I".

2. "I always study before dinner."   YOU: ".................? ________ my sister."

3. "I've missed my bus to Motril"       YOU: "............? ________ my parents."

4. "I'm not very good at English."     Víctor: "...................? I __________"

5. "I can't speak German"    YOU: ".....................? _____________ we."

6. "I can't find any photos for my tourist brochure."  YOU: "..........................? My English teacher _________"

7.  "We are going to Edinburgh at the end of March."   YOU: "..................? _________________ Albert's students."

8. "She has got a new boyfriend."    YOU: "................? I _____________"

9. "I don't smoke Havana cigars."    YOU: ".............? __________ smurfs."

10. "I was born in Salobreña."       YOU: "..........? Albert ____________. I think he was born in Colone, Germany."     

SHOW SURPRISE & HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES

Example: 'My parents go out every Friday evening.'     'Do they? Mine don't. They just stay at home and watch TV'

1. Mi hermana limpia el polvo dos veces a la semana.

2. Los domingos por la mañana yo me encargo de la colada.

3. Por la noche mi padre se encarga de la cena y yo de fregar los platos.

4. Todos los viernes mi madre se encarga de la plancha.

Some other expressions to learn (page 14)

Giving an opinion

• I think....

• I reckon...

Agreeing

• I think so, too

• Yes, that's true

• I agree

• Yes, I suppose so

Disagreeing and doubting

• I don`t think so.

• Maybe, but....

• Perhaps you're right.

QUESTIONS. Subject & Object questions and others.

1. Complete the questions according to the answers in bold.

1. What  ____________________________ at parties? I usually wear a short dress.

2. Who _________________ you to school yesterday? My dad drove me to school yesterday.

3. Who ______________________ us? Bill and Adam are calling us.

4. Who _____________________ at the park? I met Liz and Rose at the park.

5. How often ______________________ your bike? I ride it every day.

6. What ____________________ that strange noise? Our dog made that strange voice.

2. Write subject or object questions with the words below. Use the correct tenses. Then answer the questions.

1. Who / ride / a horse / now ?

2. Who / eat / a lot of rice / in your family ?

3. What / fall / on the ground / yesterday ?

4. Where / Laura / go sailing / last week ?

5. Who / you / usually / do / your homework / with ?

3. Write questions according to the answers in bold.

1. _______________?  Emma flies to Paris every summer.

2. ______________ ?  Steve feeds his pets in the morning.

3. _______________ ? My baby sister cries every night.

4. _______________ ? The stormy weather changed our plans.

5. _______________ ? Al left work early because he didn't feel well.

6. _______________ ? I play the piano twice a day.

MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Analyse different ways how to suggest first)

YOU: "I don't know what to do at Easter"    

ALBERT:     - "Why don't we go to Edinburgh?"

                           - "Let's go to Edinburgh"     "Let's not go to Edinburgh"

                            - "Shall we go to Edinburgh?"

                            - "How about going to Edinburgh?

                            - "What about going to Edinburgh?"

YOU:     "Great. I'd love to"      "That's a great idea!"    "Fantastic!"

                "I'm afraid I can't."      "I'm sorry, but I have to take care of my little sister."

                "All right, but you'll have to lend me some money."   "OK, but can you help me with my English homework?"    

1. YOU: "There is nothing on TV tonight."

2. YOU: "I am going on holiday to the north of Spain."

3. YOU: "I'm afraid I'm going to fail English."

4. Víctor: "10 kg of baggage is not enough for me."

5. YOU: "We would like to give a surprise birthday party for our History teacher."

6. YOU: "I don't know which kind of present we could give him."

7.  YOU: "We've still got 2 T-shirts and 3 sweaters left to sell. What can we do?"

8. YOU: "It's raining. We can't go out."

9. YOU: "I'm starving."

10. YOU: "The classroom is really untidy and messy. Albert is going to get really furious with us when he comes."      

HABITS IN THE PAST  >>>>   ANY LONGER, NO LONGER, ANY MORE, NO MORE

Examples:  PLAY WITH MY FATHER ... when I was five years ago.   >>>       YOU: "I used to play with my father when I was five years old. However, now I don't play with him any longer because I prefer playing with my friends"

1. My brother ....  study at this school three years ago. However, now...

2. I   .....  study before dinner when I was 10 years old. However, now...

3. My grandparents ..... listen to the radio fifty years ago. However, now...

4. My grandmother ...... do the washing in the river. However, now...

5. My grandfather ..... work in the paper factory. However, now...

6. My parents ..... study French at school. However, now...

Now write some other sentences using other words connected with QUANTITY and presented above.

Translate these sentences into English:

1. ¿Cuántos exámenes nos quedan antes de Semana Santa? Nos quedan unos pocos, al menos 2.

2. ¿Cuánto dinero te llevas a York? No me llevo mucho dinero, sólo unas pocas libras, pero es suficiente dinero para comprarm una sudadera.

3. Hay demasiadas cosas que hacer en mi lista.

4. ¿De verdad? Pero yo tengo tanto que estudiar.

5. Hay poco respeto hoy en las clases y demasiado ruido.

6. No nos queda suficiente comida para el fin de semana y él es demasiado vago para ir al supermercado ahora.

7. La gente hoy en día pide demasiada comida porque no cocinan lo bastante bien.

8. ¿Sí? Pero ellos ven demasiados programas de cocina en televisión.

POLITE OFFERS AND POLITE REQUESTS

EXTRA-PRACTICE  >>> Unit 3 , page 32, exercise 4

Read the following situations. Make polite requests for problems you have and make polite offers when someone has got a problem.

1. "There is no mineral water and I'm thirsty."  YOU: "......"

2. YOU: "I'm very tired and I don't want to cook dinner.  .................?"

3. "I've missed my bus to Motril"       YOU: "............"

4. "I'm not very good at English."     Víctor: "..................."

5. YOU: "I'm not very good at English.  ......................?"

6. YOU: "I can't find any photos for my tourist brochure. .............................?"

Unit 3 . page 41    The Art of Storytelling  >>>  A look at Aboriginal art and storytelling in Australia

Exercises

1. What is Aboriginal painting a celebration of?

2. Aborigines have used art to tell stories about the land for   4,000 / 40,000 years   .

3. Some of the paintings show where   houses and shops  /  food and water    are.

4. Aborigines use the symbols to paint their   homes  /  bodies  .

RELATIVE CLAUSES

For a start, let's analyse the relevant elements we have to bear in mind when dealing with the relative clauses:

The boy who came to the party studied with me at the elementary school.

Main clause: The boy studied with me at the elementary school.        Relative clause: who came to the party

Antecedent: The boy             Relative pronoun: who

Why do we use the relative clauses? We use them either to give essential information about the antecedent (Defining Relative Clauses) or just some extra information (Non-defining Relative Clauses).

Another important thing about relative clauses is the connection you have between the antecedent and the relative clause because that will affect the kind of relative pronoun you are going to need. It could be subject, object, there could be a connection of possession...

Defining Relative Clauses

This kind of relative clauses is essential to the understanding of the message, so you can never omit them. Therefore, the intonation is rising till the end of the relative clause.

- We use the relative pronoun WHO (or THAT) when the antecedent is a person and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

- We use the relative pronoun WHICH (or THAT) when the antecedent is an animal or a thing and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

You can omit the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the relative clause (The boy you saw at the party... //  The dog you saw in the street...) and pay attention to the interesting use and position of prepositions (El perro con el que ella jugaba...).

- WHOSE (connection of possession)  

That's the man whose wife is waiting for the bus. (His wife is waiting for the bus.)

- WHERE (Adverbial of place). It can be substituted by THAT/WHICH + preposition.        

We visited the church where you got married // the church that you got married at. (you got married there / in that church)

And now some exercises for you to do  >>>>>

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate RELATIVE PRONOUN (who, which, where) and then say which sentences can have the relative pronoun THAT

1. I went to see the doctor ................ had helped my sister.

2. That is the hospital .................... the doctor works.

3. The dog .................. bit me belonged to my neighbour.

4. The woman ...................... phoned wanted to talk to my mother.

5. My mother bought the dress in the shop ....................... we saw the red sweater.

6. He is the architect .......................... designed the new bridge over the River Thames.

7. A library is a place ........................ people can read books.

8. Books are things ........................... give you a lot of information about different topics.

Now define what 'a student'  is.

Insert the second sentences into the first ones by means of a WHOSE-relative clause.

1. The house is beautiful. Its windows are open.

2. He was wearing a cap. Its colour was electric green.

3. The woman is on the phone. Her name is Greek.

4. Look at the man. You met his son at the party.

5. Paris is the city. Its main monument is the Eiffel Tower.

More RELATIVE CLAUSES exercises to do:    WHO/WHICH/WHOSE   (2)

What's home schooling? Click here.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES + SO / SUCH

• • WHAT is used in exclamatory sentences when it is followed by a NOUN or a NOUN PHRASE. It works exactly the same as SUCH.

Examples: What a (big) house he has bought!     >>>   He has bought such a (big) house.

                    What an (easy) exam we had at the Official Language School in Motril!   >>>  We had such an (easy) exam....

                    What (good) basketball players we have in Spain!    >>>   We have such (good) basketball players in Spain.

                    What (good) wine they make in Itrabo!    >>>  They make such (good) wine in Itrabo.

• • HOW is used in exclamatory sentences when it is followed by an ADJECTIVE or an ADVERB. It works exactly the same as SO.

Examples: How expensive it is the car you bought!    >>>  The car you bought is so expensive.

                    How carefully Fernando Alonso drives when it rains!    >>>>   Fernando Alonso drives so carefully when it rains.

• • Remember you can also use SO with NOUNS when talking about quantity. In that case you will need MUCH & MANY depending on the noun.

Examples: We have got so many books to read and so much homework to do this year.

Some sentences to translate into English:

1. ¡Qué bien canta mi primo!

2. ¡Qué canción tan bonita él canto en la fiesta!

3. ¡Qué ejercicio!

4. ¡Qué ejercicio tan fácil estamos haciendo!

5. ¡Qué frío hace en Ítrabo!

6. ¡Qué buen queso hacen en Holanda!

7. ¡Qué buenos futbolistas hay en Holanda!

Complete the exclamatory sentences and then fill in the gaps with SO & SUCH+articles if needed.

1. ___________ unreliable McLaren is! Yes, but Alonso drove ……….… carelessly that he crashed it.

2. __________ tasty ham they have in Trevelez! They have …………. good conditions there.

3. _____________ funny this film is! Well, the actors aren’t ………… funny.

4. _____________ fast Usain Bolt runs! He is ………… fast runner.       

Finally, have a look at this post in my blog Neither trekking nor just climbing... it is actually running in the Alps!!!!  , where you can find a link to a page where there are loads of exercises about this issue.

Do you want to revise the exclamatory  sentences, SO & SUCH?

 HERE you have got some exercises and the self-correction.

Some excercises on YET, ALREADY & STILL:    1   ,  2    ,  3   ,   4             

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-Defining Relative Clauses (Extra information)

These relative clauses give extra information about the antecedent, so they are not essential to the understanding of the message and you can omit them. They go in between commas and the relative pronoun can never be omitted. The relative pronoun THAT can never be used.

- We use the relative pronoun WHO when the antecedent is a person and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

Mr Smith, who is married with a famous actress, is my boss.

- We use the relative pronoun WHICH when the antecedent is an animal or a thing and is the subject or object of the relative clause.

I live in Lobres, which is a small village not far from Salobreña.

- WHOSE (connection of possession)

Mr Smith, whose wife is waiting for the bus, is my boss.

- WHERE (Adverbial of place). It can be substituted by WHICH + preposition.

We visited Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives.

Some exercises  >>>>

• • Non-Defining Relative Clauses   1   2   3  

B. Fill in the gaps with appropriate relative pronouns.

In which sentences do you understand the message without the need of the relative clause?  ___________________

Remember that NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES go in between commas.

1. A pensioner is a person ____ no longer works and gets money from the state.

2. My sister ____ was injured in the accident is now in hospital. 

3. The World Trade Centre skyscrapers ______ thousands of people worked suffered a terrorist attack and were destroyed on 11th September, 2001.  

4. The woman _____ lives next door is a Science teacher at my school. 

5. Do you like the top _____ my sister is wearing?

6. I had never been to Salobreña Hotel ___ my uncle John recommended to me.

7. The girls ____ I talked to after the lecture were very friendly. 

8. My English teacher used to like Stevie Wonder _____ is a famous American musician when he was young. 

9. Are these the keys _____ you were looking for?

10. Mary Jo ___ you can always rely on had incredible marks last year. 

REVISING THE FUTURE TENSES.....

MUST, SHOULD & HAVE TO

If you want to revise the difference between MUST, SHOULD & HAVE TO, here's an exercise to do:

EXERCISE   (ANOTHER ONE)

Revision of RELATIVE CLAUSES

Fill in the gaps with appropriate RELATIVE PRONOUNS (that, who, which, where, whose). These are defining relative clauses. Make all the necessary changes to transform them into NON-DEFINING relative clauses.

Computer scientists ........ have invented a new type of robot have just won a prize for technological innovation. They've invented a robot ...... can walk and run just like a human. People ..... jobs involve working in places ..... are dangerous for humans will find many uses for this type of robot. The robots can also work in homes ...... the disabled  or the elderly need  many types of routine care. Many tasks .... elderly people find difficult could eventually be done by robots. Other places ..... robots may become common include supermarkets, hospitals and schools. But some people are afraid that in the future robots .... intelligence is superior to humans may take over the planet.

BOTH OF THEM, NEITHER OF THEM, ALL OF THEM, NONE OF THEM...  + neither...nor, both...and, either...or

Complete the sentences  with appropriate phrases.

1. ____________ Messi __________ Higuain play football, but ____________________ plays for the Spanish national team.

2. _________________________ the Spanish football players won the  UEFA Best Player in Europe Award even if ___________________ are World champions and they have won twice the European Championship in the latest years.

3. ____________ Nerea __________ Fausto will have to do the exercise on the blackboard.

4. The Callejón Bros. are ____________ footballers. _______________________ are from Motril, but _____________________________ will ever play for FC Barcelona.

5. Albert has brought exams for ______________________ us, but ___________________ is happy with this surprise exam.

6. ________________ Lobres _______________ Molvízar is on the coast.

And now translate these sentences into English.

7. Tanto mi padre como mi madre fueron a la universidad. De hecho, ambos trabajan en la misma oficina, aunque a ninguno de los dos les gusta trabajar en Madrid.

8. Todos mis amigos salen los sábados por la noche porque ninguno de sus padres les dice nada.

9. Sin embargo, ni mi padre ni mi madre me dejan salir por la noche porque dicen que todas las calles son muy peligrosas cuando oscurece.

10. Entonces, si quieres venir a mi fiesta de cumpleaños, o bien te quedas a dormir en mi casa o bien vienen tus padres a recogerte.

PASSIVE VOICE & REPORTED SPEECH  >>>   explanation    exercises  another explanation    

• Reported Speech exercise done in class   

"I don't like noisy people", said Albert.

"They're laughing at me", said Jane to her mother.

"Don't be nervous now", the teacher to his students.

The students: "We wrote a composition for Albert yesterday."

"What have you got for me?",  John to his friends.

• Passive Voice exercise done in class

Students use computers at school.

Some people buy things on the Internet.

Our teacher created a blog to improve our English some years ago.

Have many students visited it yet?

We will do selectivity exams every month.

It is very important to check the class rules at the beginning of the school year!!!

You may have heard many horrible stories about your English teacher Albert as a student predator, kid killer, blood lover... and many other sweet adjectives and things. Anyway, it may be true or "he isn't the monster he's made out to be" / "his bark is worse than his bite".

Can you think about these two expressions and tell me what they mean? We will talk about it in class.